Yonke ingxaki kunye neentlekele lithuba kwabanye, njengoko naliphi na igqwetha elileqa i-ambulensi linokukuxelela. Silindele ukuba iPentagon irhole uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali esele lugqugqisile, kunye neGqwetha Jikelele uJohn Ashcroft ukuba akhuphe iBhili yamaLungelo, konke egameni leMfazwe yokuNqanda ubunqolobi.
Kodwa "iGunya lokuKhuthaza uRhwebo?" Oko kubonakala ngathi kukude kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo ulawulo lukaBush lulungiselela ukuyibetha le nto ngeCongress ngesizathu esifanayo, nokuba semngciphekweni wokuxhokonxa umlo wokuqala wasemva kukaSeptemba-11.
UGunyaziwe wokuKhuthaza uRhwebo (ebelifudula lisaziwa ngokuba “ngumzila okhawulezayo”) liza kunika uLawulo amandla ukuthetha-thethana ngezivumelwano zorhwebo zamazwe ngamazwe ezitsha, kunye neNkongolo enevoti kuphela ewe-okanye-hayi kwimveliso yokugqibela. Okokuqala kumgca yi-34-ilizwe eliphikisanayo "iNdawo yoRhwebo lwaMahala lwaseMelika" (FTAA).
"Ngaba iCongress iya kuluxhasa ngamandla urhwebo lwasimahla njengelitye lembombo lobunkokeli bamazwe aphesheya?" ubuza uMmeli wezoRhwebo wase-US uRobert Zoellick, indoda yenqaku leBush Administration. Ewe, oko kuxhomekeke kwinto ayithethayo ngokuthi “urhwebo ngokukhululekileyo.” Ukuthandabuza phakathi koluntu kuninzi: kwi-poll yakutshanje yiYunivesithi yaseMaryland, i-72 pesenti yathi amagosa ase-US awenza umgaqo-nkqubo wezorhwebo anike ingqwalasela encinci kwiinkxalabo zabasebenzi baseMelika.
Banesizathu esivakalayo sokulumka. Into engasixeleliyo uZoellick kukuba uninzi lwabantu baseMelika baphulukene nengeniso ngenxa yokwanda kokuvula kwethu urhwebo kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo, kunye neendlela ekwenziwe ngayo oku.
Inkoliso yeengcali zezoqoqosho ithandabuza ukukuvuma oku esidlangalaleni, kuba urhwebo ngokukhululekileyo luyinto yonqulo phakathi kwaloo msebenzi. Kodwa sisigqibo esiqinileyo kuphando lwabo.
Iingcali zezoqoqosho ziye zaqikelela ukuba lungakanani urhwebo oluye lwanegalelo ekwabiweni ngokutsha kwengeniso eUnited States. Bakwazamile ukulinganisa ukuba uqoqosho lwethu lwesizwe luzuza kangakanani na, ngokwengeniso eyandisiweyo, ekususeni imirhumo kunye neminye imiqobo kurhwebo.
Kuyavela ukuba kuninzi lwabantu baseMelika, impembelelo yorhwebo ekwabiweni kwakhona - ukusuka kumaqela aphantsi kunye namaqela anengeniso ephakathi ukuya kwabatyebileyo - igqithise iinzuzo ezivela kumazwe angaphandle. Oku kuyinyaniso nokuba sisebenzisa uqikelelo olunyuswe kakhulu lweenzuzo kurhwebo; kwaye nokuba sisebenzisa uqikelelo oluphantsi ngabasoqoqosho malunga nokuba urhwebo luye lwanda kangakanani ukungalingani.
Phantse zonke iingcali zezoqoqosho ziyavuma ukuba urhwebo lube negalelo ekwandeni komsantsa phakathi kwabo banezidanga zasekholejini, kunye nekota yesithathu yabasebenzi base-US abangenayo. Umbuzo ngulo, yimalini? Ukuba sithatha uqikelelo oluphantsi lokuba lungakanani urhwebo olunyukile ukungalingani, ngoko ke iikota ezintathu zabasebenzi ziye zalahlekelwa phakathi kwe-1.6 kunye ne-2.4 yepesenti yengeniso yabo kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini edlulileyo, ngenxa yokuvulwa kwezorhwebo.
Ukuba sithatha uqikelelo oluphezulu lwesiphumo sorhwebo ekwabiweni kwengeniso, ke isithathu-sesine sabasebenzi baseMelika silahlekelwe phakathi kwe-12.2 kunye ne-12.9 yeepesenti yengeniso yabo.
Kwaye konke oku akuhoyi, njengoko imodeli yezoqoqosho isenza, ilahleko yezoqoqosho ngenxa yokuvalwa kweefektri kunye nexesha elide lokungaqeshwa okubangelwa kurhwebo.
Uvoto lubonisa ezi ndlela zoqoqosho. Yimeko ekhwankqisayo "yabantu abangafundanga kakhulu" abanombono ochaneke ngakumbi wobunyani bezoqoqosho kuneengcali neengqondi ezilawula kumajelo osasazo nosasazo. Ayithathi Ph.D. kuqoqosho ukufumanisa ukuba ukuphosa uninzi lwabasebenzi base-US ekunyuseni ukhuphiswano nabantu abafumana iidola ezimbalwa ngosuku kuya kuthoba imivuzo kuninzi lwabasebenzi apha. Kwaye akukho mfuneko yokuba umntu abe nempoxo ngokugqithisileyo ukuze aqonde ukuba le yeyona njongo iphambili yezivumelwano zorhwebo zamazwe ngamazwe.
Ngoko xa uMnu. Zoellick esicela ukuba sixhase "urhwebo lwamahhala" kwiminqweno yokhuseleko lwelizwe, kufuneka ubuncinane anyaniseke ngento enye: ucela uninzi lwabantu baseMelika ukuba benze imibingelelo yezoqoqosho, ngelixa abanye betyeba.
Ngokuqinisekileyo ileyibhile “urhwebo olukhululekileyo” kukungamelanga kwezi zivumelwano. Bobabini i-NAFTA kunye ne-WTO baye bandisa uhlobo olubi kakhulu lokukhusela eMhlabeni, ngokweendleko zezoqoqosho kunye nobomi bomntu. Olo lulwandiso lwamazwe ngamazwe lokhuselo lwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza kumayeza, ngokuchasene nokhuphiswano lwegeneric. Kwaye i-NAFTA yanika iinkampani igunya elitsha elinamandla lokumangalela oorhulumente ngokuthe ngqo, esele beyisebenzisile ukubhukuqa imimiselo yokusingqongileyo.
Konke oku kuchaza ukuba kutheni sifuna inxaxheba epheleleyo yabameli bethu beCongressional abakhethiweyo ekuqulunqweni komgaqo-nkqubo wezorhwebo wamazwe ngamazwe. Kwaye kutheni amagosa oLawulo, ngoku azisongele iflegi, ezimisele kakhulu ukukuthintela ukubandakanyeka kwawo.
UMark Weisbrot ngumlawuli-mnye weZiko lezoQoqosho kunye noPhando loMgaqo-nkqubo eWashington, DC, kunye nombhali-mbhali, kunye noDean Baker, "Ngaba iiNzuzo eziNtsha zoRhwebo ziya Kusenza Sityebe? Uvavanyo lweeNzuzo eziZilindelekileyo kwiZivumelwano eziTsha zoRhwebo “(www.cepr.net).