Umbono wokuba iithagethi zase-US azinalungelo lokuzikhusela kwisongelo sase-US okanye uhlaselo lwangempela lubuyela umva kude. Ebudeni bamashumi amathathu eminyaka okuqala enkulungwane yamashumi amabini, xa iUnited States yayisoloko ingenelela kwiyadi yayo esemva ukuze iqeqeshe abantu bomthonyama abangalawulekiyo, abo babechasa baze balwe nxamnye neeMarines babehlala bebizwa ngokuba โzizihange,โ naxa inkcaso . iququzelelwe, isebenzisa iiflegi kunye neeyunifomuรขโฌ (MM Knight, amaMelika eSanto Domingo).
Abantu baseVietnam, ngeminyaka yoo-1950 kunye noo-1960, bexhathise umlawuli we-puppet obekwe yi-US kwaye emva koko bahlaselwe ngokuthe ngqo e-US, babesoloko bengabanqolobi okanye abahlaseli kwilizwe labo kwigosa lase-US (kwaye kungoko amajelo eendaba) umbono, nanjengoko uLeslie Gelb wachaza ekukhuseleni. ukuhlelwa kweVietnam โnjengesaphuli-mthetho,โ รขโฌลbonzakalisa abantu baseMelikaรขโฌ ababeze kuzoyisa (NYT, April 15, 1993).
UGelb, ngoko uMhleli waNgaphandle weNew York Times (kunye nowayesakuba liSebe leLizwe kunye negosa lePentagon), wayefake ngaphakathi kwisiseko sobukhosi selungelo lase-US lokuhlasela kunye nokulawula naphi na nangasiphi na isizathu, kunye nombono ohambelanayo wokuba ukuchasana nezenzo ezinjalo kulwaphulo-mthetho. .
Enye yezinto ezibuhlungu kwimbali ye-impiriyali yase-US ibe yinto eqhelekileyo yase-US yokoyikisa kwindawo encinci ekujoliswe kuyo, ukuthintela ukufikelela kwayo kwizixhobo ezisuka e-United States okanye kumahlakani ase-US, emva koko yalatha ekujoliswe kuko ekufumaneni izixhobo kwibloc yaseSoviet. njengobungqina (1) beenjongo zabo ezinobundlobongela kunye (2) namakhonkco abo kwingozi enkulu yokuhlaselwa kweSoviet.
Olu yayiluphawu oluphawulekayo lohlaselo oluthe ngqo lwase-US kunye nommeli eGuatemala ekuqaleni koo-1950, eCuba ukusuka ngo-1959 ukuya phambili, kunye neNicaragua ngeminyaka yee-1980. Kwimeko yaseNicaragua, amabango asemthethweni ase-US abalweli beSoviet MIG abasendleleni eya eNicaragua ngoNovemba ka-1984-ekugqibeleni bavunywa ukuba babelulawulo oluthe ngqo lweReagan-lubangele uloyiko kumajelo eendaba naphakathi kweeDemokhrasi ezikhokelayo, kanye njengokuthunyelwa kwezixhobo ezincinci zisuka. ICzechoslovakia ukuya eGuatemala yayenze ngowe-1954. La mazwe ayengenalo ilungelo lokuzama ukuzikhusela kwimigudu eqhubekayo yaseUnited States yokubhukuqa oorhulumente bawo ngogonyamelo.
Isiseko selungelo lokuhlasela ngokubona kombuso sithetha ukuba umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe awusebenzi kwiziko lobukhosi, kodwa kwabanye, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo i-United States ithathele oku kancinci iminyaka emininzi. KwiNew York Times, รขโฌลiSibonelelo sawisa umthethoรขโฌ sokuba masithabathe iPuerto Rico (1898); kuTeddy Roosevelt, ukubambelela kwe-US kwiMfundiso kaMonroe รขโฌลinokunyanzela i-United States, nangona madolw' anzima, ukuba isebenzise amandla obupolisa bamazwe ngamazweรขโฌ (1904); kunye noWilliam Howard Taft, ihemisphere iphela รขโฌลiya kuba yeyethu ... ngenxa yokongama kwethu kobuhlangaรขโฌ (1912). Ukuthozama akuzange kube luphawu kwiinkokeli zase-US.
Ingcinga yelungelo lokusebenzisa amandla naphi na kwaye i-unilaterally yayivelele ekuhlaselweni kwe-Iraq ka-2003, kodwa nangaphambi kokuba i-Bush-2 yezenzo ezibandakanya i-Iraq, amagosa ase-US akazange avumele umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe ukuba uphazamise umgaqo-nkqubo.
Ngokomzekelo, kwiminyaka eyiReagan iNkundla yeZizwe ngezizwe yafumanisa ukuba iUnited States yenze โizenzo ezingekho mthethweniโ yaye inetyala lembuyekezo yaseNicaragua ayizange ihoywe, yaye abalawuli basiphikisa isigqibo seBhunga lezoKhuseleko esibongoza onke amazwe ukuba athobele umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe! Ngexesha lokuhlala kukaBush-1, iUnited States ayizange ivume nje ukuba iBhunga lezoKhuseleko ligwebe ukuhlasela kwe-US ePanama, yaqhubela i-UN ukuba iwise imfazwe ne-Iraq ngokuthintela zonke iinzame zokuxoxisana, kwaye yaqhuba loo mfazwe ngokwaphula ezininzi. izithintelo zamazwe ngamazwe (umzekelo, iibhombu zeqela, iziqhushumbisi zomoya, iuranium ephelelweyo, ukungcwaba inani elikhulu lamajoni aseIraq kwisanti enebulldozed, kunye nokutshabalalisa ngabom iindawo zokubonelela ngamanzi e-Iraq).
UClinton uqhubekile nesi siko sikhulu, kwimeko ye-Iraq iphumeza ngamandla umgaqo-nkqubo wezohlwayo wokuvinjwa ngabom amayeza kunye neendlela zokulungisa inkqubo yamanzi yatshatyalaliswa ngo-1991, kunye neengxwelerha ezinkulu zabemi, ngokwaphulwa okucacileyo komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe ngokubhekiselele kunyango lwabantu. abantu. โImimandla ekungabhabhiyo kuzoโ e-Iraq yayingagunyaziswanga siso nasiphi na isigqibo se-UN kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kunye nenani lokufa kwabantu okubangelwa kuhlaselo lomoya lwase-US-Bhritane e-Iraq kwiminyaka elishumi elinesibini phambi kohlaselo luka-2003 ke ngoko yayizizenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho.
NjengaseVietnam enesibindi sokudubula amajoni aseMelika ahlasela ilizwe lawo, ngoko ke imijukujelwa yase-Iraq ejolise kwinqwelomoya yase-US kunye ne-Bhritane ngaphambi kohlaselo lwe-18-19 kaMatshi ngo-2003 zimele "uhlaselo" olungenasizathu "olubonisa indelelo ye-Iraq kwi-UN. Izisombululoรขโฌ ngokukaDonald Rumsfeld (BBC, รขโฌลI-Iraq iqinisa "uhlaselo," utsho i-US,' ngoSeptemba 30, 2002). I-Iraq, njengazo zonke ezinye iithagethi zase-US, ayizange ibe nalo naliphi na ilungelo lokuzikhusela.
I-United States iphinda ithathele phezu kwayo ilungelo lokubiza ama-rogues, njengoko kudala isenza imibutho yabanqolobi kunye namazwe anqongopheleyo. Ngokwendalo, njenge-super-rogue, ayizibizi, ngaphandle kobungqina bayo obungagqithiyo (bona uluhlu oluhlaziyiweyo lukaRichard DuBoff lwezenzo ezingama-27 zamva nje zase-US, ezingabandakanyi nohlaselo kwamanye amazwe, kwi-Mirror Mirror on. the Wall, Who is the Biggest Rogue of All,รขโฌ ZNet Commentary, Aug. 9, 2003; kunye nee-akhawunti ezinde nezifikelela kude eWilliam Blum, eRogue State naseNoam Chomsky, eRogue States).
Ikwangabandakanyi amahlakani kunye nabaxhasi bayo, kanye njengokuba ibakhanyela imeko yobugrogrisi, nokuba bagqwese kangakanani na iziqinisekiso zabo. Kulula ukubona ukuba kutheni i-super-rogue igqibe ekubeni iyakuchasa, ngokunyanzeliswa, naliphi na elinye ilizwe eliphuhlisa amandla okucela umngeni kwi-hegemony yomkhosi wayo: oku kuvumela i-super-rogue ukuba iziphathe njenge-rogue ngokwayo ngelixa izibiza ngegama. (kunye nokuhlasela) ekujoliswe kuko (okt, รขโฌลabakhohlakeleyoรขโฌ ) abatyholwayo.
Ukuziphatha okukhohlakeleyo kuye kwabonakala ngokumangalisayo kwizohlwayo zase-Iraq, ukuhlasela kunye nokusebenza. I-Super-rogue yakwazi ukumisela izohlwayo e-Iraq ezibandakanya ukuphatha abantu abazizigidi ezingama-23 njengabathinjwa kwimfuno yokutshintsha kolawulo iminyaka elishumi elinesibini, kwinkqubo yokubulala ngaphezulu kwesigidi sabo bantu.
Oku kwenziwa ngentsebenziswano ka-Kofi Annan kunye ne-UN, kwaye kungekho sikhalo okanye uqhanqalazo oluvela โkuluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe,โ kumajelo eendaba okanye รขโฌลumjukujelwa ohamba ngenqanawa oshiyekileyo. ukunyhashwa ngokuphandle kweTshatha ye-UN, emva kokwenza izidenge zabahloli kunye ne-UN, kwaye wakwenza oku ngaphandle kwesohlwayo esincinci ukusuka รขโฌลkuluntu lwezizwe ngezizweรขโฌ oluye lohlwaya iVietnam ngokuqatha ngokuhlasela iCambodia nokubhukuqa iPol Pot, uhlaselo olwathatha. indawo kuphela emva kokuhlaselwa okuphindaphindiweyo kweVietnam yimikhosi yasePol Pot. I-Iraq yayingazange ihlasele i-United States okanye iBritane kwaye yayingenawo amandla okwenza oko. Ngamafutshane, izohlwayo ze-UN azinanto yakwenza nemigaqo; balandela kuphela iimfuno kunye/okanye ukuvunywa kwenqununu (super-rogue).
Ngoku kuyavunywa ngokubanzi, nangamanye amagosa ase-US, ukuba uhlaselo lwase-Iraq lwalusekwe kubuxoki obulandelelanayo malunga nezixhobo ze-Iraq zokutshabalalisa ngobuninzi (WMD) kunye nosoyikiso abalubeka kukhuseleko lwelizwe lase-US kunye neBhritane. Kukwacacile ukuba uhlaselo lwase-US e-Iraq luphinde lwabandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezichasene noluntu (iibhombu zeqela, i-uranium ephelelweyo), ukuhlaselwa ngamabomu kwiindawo ezininzi apho abantu banokubulawa khona, kunye nokufa kwabantu abangaphezu kwe-5,000.
Kukwacacile ukuba urhulumente wase-US uye waphula uxanduva lomkhosi ohleliyo lokubonelela ngokhuseleko kunye nokuqinisekisa iinkonzo ezisisiseko kubemi basekuhlaleni abahlala kuloo mmandla; ukuba yangena ilungiselelwe kuphela ukukhusela inkonzo yeoli kunye nemithombo yeoli; kwaye ibeke phambili eyona nto iphambili ekuzingeleni uSaddam Hussein endaweni yokuqinisekisa neenkonzo ezincinci kubemi abaxhatshaziweyo.
Kodwa ngaphandle kokungabikho semthethweni-kunye nesiseko soloyiso, kunye nokungaphathwa kakuhle kunye nokungekho semthethweni komsebenzi, kunye nenjongo ecacileyo yokulawula i-Iraq ngokuthe ngqo okanye nge-proxies, uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe aluzange lubize ukohlwaya ababulali abangaphezu kwe-5,000 yabemi ( kunye nezinye izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezingabalekiyo) kunye nokunyanzela abahlaseli-ababulali baphume. Amawaka amathathu abhubhileyo abemi base-US ngo-9/11 ayenganyamezeleki e-United States kwaye avuselela uvelwano olunzulu kunye nokuqonda kwicala โloluntu lwezizwe ngezizwe,โ kuba lithethelele uhlaselo lwempindezelo e-Afghanistan kunye nokubhengezwa kwehlabathi jikelele. ลimfazwe yobugrogrisi.รขโฌ
Kodwa i-5,000+ yabemi base-Iraq ababulewe ngesiseko sobuxoki banokunyamezeleka, kwaye uHitler omtsha akasayi kuvinjwa iziqhamo zoloyiso lwakhe, angasathethi ke ukuba athotyelwe izohlwayo. Uyabongozwa nje ukuba akhuphe uxanduva lolawulo kwi-UN kwaye ahambe ngokukhawuleza kweso sizwe silawulwa yintando yesininzi awathi emva kwexesha wabanga ukuba yinjongo yakhe yokutshintsha ulawulo e-Iraq. Kodwa akukho zigrogriso okanye izohlwayo zokungaziphathi kakuhle, yiyo loo nto i-super-rogue iyifumana yanelisa ukuba yi-super-rogue kwaye ithembisa ukusebenzisa amandla ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwesimo sakhe esikhohlakeleyo.
Kwaye i-super-rogue inokuqhubeka nokuseta i-ajenda รขโฌลizoyikisoรขโฌ kwi-UN kunye noluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe. Abantu behlabathi banokuthi, ngaphandle kokulawulwa koonondaba behlabathi ngabahlobo be-super-rogue, bakholelwe ukuba u-super-rogue ngokwakhe, ngohlaselo lwakhe lwase-Afghanistan nase-Iraq, ukuqhubeka kwakhe nokwakhiwa komkhosi kunye nesigubhu sokugrogrisa sokusebenzisa amandla ecala elinye. รขโฌลimfazwe yobugrogrisiรขโฌ eqhutywa ngentsebenziswano namahlakani aphantsi anjengoSharon, isesona sisoyikiso sikhulu sehlabathi soxolo, ukhuseleko kunye nokuphila.
Kodwa i-super-rogue ithi i-North Korea's kunye ne-Iran's ukufuna izixhobo zenyukliya yingxaki enkulu kakhulu efana "neengxaki," kwaye iingxelo zeendaba zixela ngezicwangciso eziphuhliswe kakuhle zase-US zokuhlasela ezi zigebenga kunye. bayeke ukuziphatha kakubi. Amajelo eendaba aseNtshona kunye nabenkululeko baginya oku, bevuma ukuba ezi ziingxaki kunye nezoyikiso ezinkulu, kunye nengxoxo malunga nokuba singayicombulula na le ngxaki ngothethwano (inkululeko) okanye kufuneka singene kwaye "sikhuphe" izixhobo ezisongelayo kunye/ okanye oorhulumente.
Igamt enye elusizi yenkululeko ibikukugxeka ugqaliselo lukaBush cabal e-Iraq, engenabhombu, ngelixa etyeshela isoyikiso esoyikekayo sokuba uMntla Korea okwangoku unokufumana isixhobo senyukliya. Oku kwandisa isoyikiso sokuba uMntla Korea unokuba nesixhobo senyukliya, ebengenakusisebenzisa ngaphandle kokuzibulala. Ayinanzi into yokuba iNorth Korea neIran zinyanzeleke ukuba zifune izixhobo ezinjalo kuba iUnited States isoyikisa ngokuphandle ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezinjalo kubo.
Ayinanzi into yokuba u-Israel uvunyelwe-kwanokuncedwa-ukufumana izixhobo zenyukliya ngaphandle kwesohlwayo, kwaye uvunyelwe yi-super-rogue kunye noluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe ukuba lwenze njalo, ngelixa amazwe asongelwa zizixhobo ze-Israel engakwazi ukwenza oko. okufanayo ngaphandle kokumisela รขโฌลisisongelo.รขโฌ Ayinanzi into yokuba i-super-rogue kuphela kwelizwe eliye lasebenzisa izixhobo zenyukliya kwaye ngoku lisongela ukusetyenziswa kwazo ngakumbi ngokuphandle ngakumbi.
Ngamafutshane, izoyikiso zokwenyani namhlanje azifumaneki kwizenzo zaseNyakatho Korea okanye e-Iran, kodwa kunokuba i-US igatye iSivumelwano se-Non-Proliferation Treaty sokuyeka ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zenyukliya kumazwe angeyiyo yenyukliya; isoyikiso salo sokusebenzisa ezi kunye nezinye izixhobo รขโฌลekunyanzelweniรขโฌ (enyanisweni, okuthintela) ngokuchasene nezinto ekujoliswe kuzo ozikhethileyo; ukukhululwa kwayo kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe; kunye nenkxaso yemigangatho ephindwe kabini yenkululeko yakwaSirayeli yokufumana izixhobo zenyukliya ngelixa iinzame ezinjalo zabachasi bakwa-Israel zingenakunyamezeleka.
Impendulo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kunye noluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe kwezi zoyikiso zangempela ziye zafana nendlela yokuphatha i-US isicwangciso sokuhlasela i-Iraq. Okokuthi, endaweni yokuchasa izisongelo zase-US kunye nezicwangciso zobundlobongela ngokuchasene nezinto ezijoliswe kuzo, i-UN kunye noluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe lwamkela indawo yase-US ukuba iithagethi zayo zibeka ingozi. Kwaye kanye njengokuba begxalathelana ukuya kwamkela i-super-rogue kunye nokuhlolwa okunzulu ukujongana nesoyikiso soyikekayo se-Iraq's WMD, ngoku bangxamele ukweyisela iNorth Korea kunye ne-Iran ukuba babe nengqiqo, bamkele ukuhlolwa kwezizwe ngezizwe, kwaye bancame nawuphi na umnqweno wabo. kusenokufuneka bafumane izixhobo zenyukliya.
Kwakhona abo boyikiswa likrele elinamandla abanikwa ilungelo lokuzikhusela, kungekuphela nje ngabakhohlakeleyo kodwa yi-UN kunye โnoluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe.โ Kodwa oku kusilela kukukhuphisana nezenzo nemigaqo-nkqubo yobuqhophololo. iyamkhuthaza ukuba aqhubeke nendlela yakhe yokubulala, yaye akuyi kubanqanda abo baza kuba ngamaxhoba ekufuneni ukuzikhusela.