Iifayile zaseBritani ezazifudula ziyimfihlo zibalisa ngenkxaso yaseBritane ekuhluthweni kweqela le-Ba'ath igunya e-Iraq ngo-1963. Le yingcambu yaseLondon kunye neWashington yangaphambili exhasa iSaddam kunye nolawulo lwengcinezelo eBaghdad, iqhubeka namhlanje.
Ubhukuqo-mbuso lukaFebruwari 1963 lwalulawulwa yiCIA, eyanika iinkokeli zobhukuqo-mbuso uluhlu lwabantu abangama-5,000 ababezingelwa baza babulawa. Ngokucacileyo bejongwe ekupheliseni iQela lamaKomanisi e-Iraqi, babandakanya amagosa aphezulu omkhosi kunye namagqwetha, oonjingalwazi, ootitshala noogqirha, ababulawa ikakhulu kutyelelo lwendlu ngendlu ngababethi.
USaddam Hussein, owayelilungu leqela le-Ba'ath ngelo xesha, wayebandakanyeka ngokusondeleyo kubhukuqo-mbuso. Njengomgxothwa wase-Iraq e-Cairo ukususela ngo-1961 waxhamla kuqhagamshelwano kunye ne-CIA ehlelwe licandelo le-Iraqi yobuntlola baseYiputa. Ngexesha lobhukuqo-mbuso uSaddam wabuya eCairo kwaye wayebandakanyeka ekuthuthunjisweni kwabantu abasekhohlo.
IBritane kwakukudala ifuna ukubona ukuwa kolawulo luka-Abdul Karim Qasim, owathi wabhukuqa ubukhosi baseBritane ngo-1958, kwaye yayilandela umgaqo-nkqubo welizwe langaphandle wama-Arabhu kunye nokwenza iimfuno ze-oyile zaseBritane zibe kuzwelonke. Kwiinyanga ezintlanu phambi kobhukuqo-mbuso luka-1963, igosa leOfisi yezaNgaphandle labhekisa kumbono wonozakuzaku waseBritane โukuba ngokukhawuleza uQasim esiwa ngcono kwaye akufuneki sikhethe ukwenza izinto ukunceda kule njongoโ.
Amagosa aseBritani ayezazi kakuhle ezo ndyikitya zokufa emva kobhukuqo-mbuso. Unozakuzaku uRoger Allen wayebeke esweni iingxelo zikanomathotholo zase-Iraq kwiintsuku ezimbini zokuqala zobhukuqo-mbuso ehlaba ikhwelo kubantu โukuba bancede bacime bonke abo bangamaKomanisi kwaye bagqibe?babulale bonke, babulale bonke abaphuli-mthethoโ. Wathumela umbhalo wale miyalezo kwiOfisi yezaNgaphandle nge-15 kaFebruwari. Ezinye iifayile ezibhekiselele "ekuqokelelweni kwamakomanisi", "ukudubula kwezixhobo ezincinci" kunye "namabali abantu abangxwelerhekileyo, ekucingelwa ukuba phakathi kwabantu".
Nge-26 kaFebruwari, i-ambassy yase-Bhritane yabika ukuba ulawulo olutsha lwaluzama "ukutyumza ukomanisi obulungelelanisiweyo e-Iraq" kwaye kwakukho amahemuhemu okuba "onke amakomanisi aphezulu abanjwe kwaye amashumi amahlanu abulawe ngokuthula". Kwiiveki ezintandathu emva koko, igosa leOfisi yezangaphandle labhekisa โkukuhlamba igaziโ kwaye โakufuneki sifune ukubonwa esidlangalaleni sithethelela ezo ndlela zokucinezela ubukomanisiโ. โUbungqwabalala obunjaloโ, igosa lathi, โkusenokuba yimfuneko njengexesha elifutshaneโ.
NgoJuni, igosa leOfisi yezaNgaphandle uPercy Cradock ? owathi kamva waba ngusihlalo weKomiti yezobuNtlola edibeneyo? waphawula ukuba "ulawulo lwase-Iraqi luyaqhubeka nocinezelo oluqatha lwamakomanisi".
Oku kwaqatshelwa njengomsebenzi okhubekisayo ngokupheleleyo. Ukubulawa kwabantu kwakusenzeka โngexesha apho kungekho nto ibonisa ukuba kusongelwa ubuKomanisi okanye nayiphi na inkcaso esebenzayo kurhulumente omtshaโ.
Amagosa aseBritani ayezixhasa ezi ndyikitya yokufa kwaye alwamkela ulawulo oluphumeza oko. URoger Allen uxelele iOfisi yezaNgaphandle kwiveki emva kobhukuqo-mbuso ukuba "urhulumente okhoyo wenza oko anokukwenza, kwaye ke yinkolelo yam ukuba kufuneka simxhase kwaye simncede kwixesha elide ukuba lizinzise ukuze esi soyikiso samakomanisi sinokuthi chu. nciphisaโ. Urhulumente omtsha "mhlawumbi uwulungele kakuhle umdla wethu" kwaye "kubalulekile ke ukuba adityaniswe ngokukhawuleza". "Iya kufuna yonke inkxaso kunye nemali enokuyifumana".
Ingxelo yeOfisi yezangaphandle yathi abalawuli abatsha "babonise inkalipho nokuzinza ekuqanduseleni nasekuphumezeni iyelenqe labo" kwaye kufuneka "babenobuhlobo ngakumbi eNtshona". IOfisi yezangaphandle ithumele imemo kuzakuzo ezohlukeneyo ngokusesikweni isamkela ubhukuqo-mbuso kwaye yaqukumbela ngelithi: โSinqwenela urhulumente omtsha okuhle.โ
U-Allen wadibana noMphathiswa Wezangaphandle wolawulo olutsha lomkhosi kwiintsuku ezimbini emva kobhukuqo-mbuso. Akukho kukhankanywa kwingxelo yakhe yokuphakamisa ukubulala; kunokuba, intlanganiso ichazwa โnjengobuhlobo kakhuluโ. Ngokwenene, akukho nto ikhankanywe kuyo nayiphi na ifayile endiyibonileyo nayiphi na inkxalabo malunga nokubulawa.
Endaweni yoko, amagosa aqaphele ukuba kufuneka "aphonononge zonke iindlela ezinokwenzeka zokwenza inzuzo kwimeko yemozulu echasene nobukomanisi e-Iraq", "babe luncedo ekunikezelweni kwezixhobo" kwaye "babonelele ngezifundo zoqeqesho lwasemkhosini ukuba ama-Iraqi azifuna". Le memo yabhalwa kwangolo suku u-Allen athumele ngalo i-Ofisi yezaNgaphandle kwimibhalo yerediyo ekhuthaza ama-Iraqis ukuba "abulale abaphuli-mthetho".
Umgaqo-nkqubo waseBritani wawukukunika ulwamkelo lozakuzo kurhulumente omtsha kunye โnokunxibelelana ngobuhlobo ngokukhawuleza namaBaathist neenkokeli zobuzweโ, nokumema amalungu oMkhosi weSizwe (umbutho owanceda ekuqhubeni ukubulawa kwabantu) eLondon. . Oku kwakufuneka kwenziwe โphantsi kwesinye isihlokoโ ukuze kugcinwe kuyimfihlo.
Esi siqendu mhlawumbi sabonisa uSaddam ukuba kamva angathembela kwiNtshona ekuxhaseni ingcinezelo ye-Baghdad - iingcambu zenkohlakalo eyongezelelekileyo kwiminyaka yoo-1980. Ikwasibonisa namhlanje ukuba iBritane kunye ne-US ixhasa njani abo banokugcina ucwangco e-Iraq, nokuba zithini na iziphumo zomntu.
Incwadi entsha kaMark Curtis ithi, Unpeople: iBritane iMfihlo yokuGwatywa kwamaLungelo oLuntu. www.markcurtis.info