ISIGQIBO sika-Washington sokuvuselela ubuhlobo kunye ne-Northern Alliance kwimfazwe yayo echasene ne-al-Qa'ida kunye ne-Taliban inika umkhondo malunga nokuba uGeorge W. Bush, uTony Blair kunye noJohn Howard bathetha ukuthini "iinqobo zethu".
I-Northern Alliance, echazwa yintatheli yaseBritane uRobert Fisk โnjengomanyano lwabaphathi bemfazwe, abathanda ilizwe labo, abadlwenguli nabangcungcuthekisayoโ, ikwangabantu abafanayo nabadlakaza i-Afghanistan ngeminyaka yoo-1990s emva kokuwa korhulumente oxhaswa yiSoviet, bevula indlela yokuhluthwa. I-capital yi-Taliban ngo-1996. Ukuba ukufika kwe-Taliban kwamkelwa ngokubanzi ngabantu base-Afghanistan njengesiqabu kwi-depredations ebekwe yi-Northern Alliance - okanye i-mujaheddin, njengoko babesaziwa ngoko - inika isibonakaliso se-modus operandi. yabahlobo abatsha baseNtshona.
Abemi baseKabul, ngakumbi abafazi, banesizathu esihle sokujonga ithemba lokubuya kwabo ngokoyikeka. Tshintshela ku-1989. E-Afghanistan imikhosi ye-mujaheddin echasene neSoviet ikwicala lokuqhuba uMkhosi oBomvu kwilizwe labo. Isicwangciso seCIA kunye nobukrelekrele basePakistan bokugaya, ukuxhobisa kunye nokuxhasa ngemali awona magorha akhohlakeleyo nanenzondelelo yempambano ase-Afghani awayenokuwafumana ayehlawula izabelo. Evuyiswa ngabaxhasi be-mujaheddin eNtshona - kuquka nengcali yase-Afghanistan enqwenela uWilliam Maley - "abalweli benkululeko" base-Afghanistan baqala ukutyelela amakomkhulu aseNtshona ukuze bafumane inkxaso yabo.
Intandokazi yorhulumente waseSaudi - kunye nommkeli omkhulu woncedo lwase-US - yayinguGulbuddin Hekmatyar, inkokeli ye-Hizb-I-Islami kwaye ichazwe ngummeli wangaphambili wase-US e-Afghanistan njenge "nut, i-extremist kunye nendoda enobudlova kakhulu". I-Hekmatyar yafumana udumo kwi-'70s ngokugibisela iasidi ebusweni babafazi base-Afghan abangavumiyo ukunxiba isigqubuthelo kwaye kamva njengomnye wabarhwebi be-narco abahamba phambili kulo mmandla. Utyholwa ngokuba ngumhlobo osondeleyo ka-Osama bin Laden, othi umsulwa kuhlaselo lwe-11 kaSeptemba. UHekmatyar wayefuna ukudibana nomphathiswa wezangaphandle waseOstreliya uGareth Evans, owayephantsi koxinzelelo oluvela eWashington naseRiyadh ukuba anike inkuthazo nokuba semthethweni kubantu uRonald Reagan abachazwa โnjengabalingani bokuziphatha babaseki baseMelikaโ.
ISebe leMicimbi yezaNgaphandle kunye noRhwebo licebise kakhulu u-Evans ukuba angadibani nenkokeli ye-Hizb-I-Islami, emkhumbuza ngerekhodi likaHekmatyar lezenzo zenkohlakalo kunye nokuqhuba iziyobisi. UEvans akazange alinanze icebiso kwaye wanika uHekmatyar ithuba lefoto awayelifuna. Kususela oko uBob Hawke esindlele isidlo sangokuhlwa sozwilakhe waseRomania uNicolae Ceausescu kuye kwakho ixesha elihlazo nelingenakuthenjwa lozakuzo.
Kuphela kwinyanga emva kokukhulula iKabul kulawulo oluxhaswa yiSoviet ngo-Epreli 1992, umhlobo omtsha womphathiswa wezangaphandle wajikela elinye i-mujaheddin kuba wayevakalelwa kukuba abamniki amandla aneleyo kurhulumente omtsha. Kwiminyaka emibini ezayo imikhosi ye-Hekmatyar yahlasela ikomkhulu ngezixhobo zabo ezibonelelwe yi-US kunye ne-Saudi, yabulala abantu abangaphezu kwama-25,000 kwaye yenzakalisa abanye abayi-100,000, ngelixa ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sabemi babaleka esixekweni bexhwalekile kwaye bephelelwe lithemba. Amanzi nombane kwesi sixeko acinywa nguHekmatyar, owayekhokele ekuqhushumbiseni nasekugrogriseni abemi. Ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-70 eKabul yancitshiswa yaba yingqushu kungquzulwano phakathi kweenkosi zemfazwe.
Phakathi kolu ngquzulwano lwe-internecine i-Taliban, ixhaswa yiPakistan, yavela ngo-1995 kwaye ngokukhawuleza yagxotha i-mujaheddin eyayisahluliwe yayisa elubhacweni e-Iran, e-Iraq nakwindawo encinci yommandla osemantla e-Afghanistan, apho isahleli khona kude kube ngoku.
Namhlanje, u-Hekmatyar uselubhacweni e-Iran, enexhala lokuba uvalelwe kwimizamo yokuseka i-post-Taliban yezopolitiko e-Afghanistan. Ngenxa yoko, ubhengeze imfazwe malunga naye wonke umntu-i-US, i-Northern Alliance, owayesakuba ngumongameli u-Burhanuddin Rabbani, owayesakuba ngukumkani u-Zahir Shah kunye ne-Taliban-ebonisa ukuba akazinzanga njengoko engenambulelo. Kodwa akufanele simangaliswe ukuba i-US, iRashiya kunye ne-Iran ziyavuma ukumbuyisela ekudlaleni kwinto enye igosa eliphezulu lase-US elichaza "njengentlangano ekhululekile", u-Evans akholelwa ukuba kufuneka ibandakanye ezinye zezinto zeTaliban. Mhlawumbi xa ebuyela e-Afghanistan, uHekmatyar uya kukhangela umhlobo wakhe wakudala kwi-ALP?
UScott Burchill ngumhlohli kubudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe kwiYunivesithi yaseDeakin