Ibhalelwe teleSUR IsiNgesi, eza kuqaliswa nge-24 kaJulayi
Ukwenza ixesha elide, ingxaki yamanzi eDetroit—kunye namakhulu amawaka asengozini yokufumana amanzi—iye yajolisa ngokufanelekileyo ingqalelo yelizwe nehlabathi jikelele ekunyhashweni okuqhubekayo kwamalungelo abantu eUnited States. Ikwaqaqambise umsebenzi wemibutho esekwe eluntwini eyomelelayo efana ne Umbutho wamaLungelo eNtlalontle yaseMichigan ezithe zasebenza phantsi kwaye zisebenza kulo mba kule minyaka idlulileyo. Ngaphandle komsebenzi wabo kunye nokwanda kolwazi lwesizwe, le yindawo engaqhelekanga kubantu abaninzi baseMelika - ingxaki yamanzi eUnited States?
Kungahenda ukucacisa iDetroit njengento eyahlukileyo, utyhola ukuba yayisisixeko esilawulwa kakubi kuqoqosho olubi lwehlabathi. Ukuhlolisisa le ngxaki nokunxulumanisa amava eDetroit kwisixeko saseMerika “esiphumeleleyo” ngokupheleleyo—iBoston—kubonisa ukuba ihlabathi linesizathu sokuxhalaba ngamanzi eUnited States.
Olunye uphawu oluphawulekayo lwengxaki lufanele ukuqwalaselwa ngaphambi kokuba ujike eBoston: imanyano yasekuhlaleni (esekwe eDetroit) kunye nemibutho yaseKhanada engabamelwane yawuthatha lo mbandela ngqo kwiZizwe eziManyeneyo. Ibangele iNgxelo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kwiLungelo loLuntu kuManzi noGutyulo, Catarina de Albuquerque, ukuze akhumbuze amagosa asekuhlaleni ngesibakala esilula sokuba “xa umntu engakwazi ukuhlawula ngokwenene, amalungelo abantu asuka akwalela ukunqunyulwa kweentlawulo.”
Oku kuphakamisa umbuzo: kutheni abaphembeleli baye kwi-UN? Impendulo icacile: urhulumente wobumbano, onokuxhasa ngemali rhoqo ukuqhushumba kweGaza okanye nokubonakala kwayo. abachasi e-Iraq naseSyria, igxile kakhulu kwizisombululo zetekhnoloji kunye nentsebenziswano entsonkothileyo yamashishini abucala ukunceda-kodwa hayi ibheyile ngokwenene-iDetroit. Kuyo yonke intetho "yorhulumente okrelekrele," iiFed zihlala zingcono ekusekweni ngokwenene abakhweli bamahashe (ngaphandle) kunokugcina amanzi equkuqela (naphi na).
Kodwa iiFeds are uxanduva lokuphendula kwizivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe urhulumente wase-US aziqinisekisayo—umz. Ingqungquthela yaMazwe ngaMazwe yokuphelisa zonke iintlobo zocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga. Ngesi sizathu, amaqela amatshantliziyo bazama ukusebenzisa uxanduva lukarhulumente lokunika ingxelo ukutsalela ingqalelo kuluhlu lwemiba, kuquka iLungelo loLuntu kuManzi. Owangaphambili, ngoku omiselwe ngokuqinileyo kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, ubambe ukuba wonke umntu kufuneka abe nokufikelela kumanzi akhuselekileyo, awaneleyo kwaye afikelelekayo. Ukuba oku kunentsingiselo kangakanani kuxhomekeke kwisiphumo semizabalazo efunyanwa ngabantu abaphantsi.
Ukusebenzela iMassachusetts Global Action (MGA), lo mbhali usanda kunika ubungqina kuphando lombutho wakhe malunga neBoston kwiSebe likaRhulumente “Uthethwano loLuntu” olugunyaziswe sisivumelwano. Etsalela ingqalelo ekufumaniseni okothusayo kwe-MGA ukuba kuzo zonke iipesenti ezi-2 zokwanda kwabantu abanemibala ngokwewadi yedolophu, kukho ukonyuka okuhambelana ne-3 yeepesenti ekukhutshweni kwezaziso zokuvala amanzi, uphakamise ingxaki yokungakhuseleki kwamanzi kwisixeko esibonwa njengesiqhelo impumelelo. .
Ewe, amatshantliziyo asekuhlaleni kudala ezoba umfanekiso onzima kakhulu: Umanyano lwaBasebenzi basekuhlaleni ithetha “ngezixeko ezibini” ezibunjwe luqoqosho lwehourglass apho i-20% ephezulu ibone ingeniso yayo ikhula ngama-20% ngelixa abo bangathathi ntweni bebone imivuzo yabo icutheka nge-2% kwiminyaka yoo-2000.
Ngokubhekiselele kumanzi (kunye neziseko zogutyulo ezinxulumeneyo), iBoston inoncedo lwesibini esisesona sisehlo sezixhobo zamanzi zoluntu. Ukusukela ekusekweni kwabo ngeminyaka yee-70s kunye neye-80s, baye bacoca ngokumangalisayo iZibuko laseBoston (owake waba ngumthombo omkhulu wentloni kugqatso lomongameli obanga i-cred yendalo esingqongileyo), amanzi afakwe kakuhle kwimibhobho kwindlu nganye, ukuphelisa ubukhulu becala iingozi zelothe, kunye nokwakha isiseko samanzi esinokuthi, ngokomzekelo, sikwazi ukwazisa abahlali-ngexesha lokwenyani-ukuba imibhobho yabo yasekhaya inokuvuza!
Kwangaxeshanye, "umthengisi" akaboneleli ngeengxelo zoluntu malunga neempembelelo zomgaqo-nkqubo wokuvalwa kwamanzi okanye nakwiziphumo zotshintsho lwamaxabiso.
Izinto eziluncedo ziyinxalenye a ubambiswano lwesizwe lukarhulumente namashishini abucala— iValue of Water Coalition — ekhuthaza ukonyuka kwenkcitho kwiziseko ezingundoqo. Lo mdibaniso ubandakanya abaqhubi bezizwe ngezizwe abadume kakubi njengoVeolia noSuez.
Ke apha sinomanyano lwesizwe lwamaqumrhu ebhiliyoni esikhuthaza ukuba sichithe ngaphezulu emanzini ngaphandle kokuxhamla kwenkqubo yokubeka iliso yelizwe okanye yengingqi eya kusivumela ukuba sazi ukuba utshintsho lwexabiso luya kubangela ukuvalwa kunye nobunye ubunzima. Okubaluleke kakhulu, asizazi iimpembelelo zamaxabiso kwiindawo zoluntu ezisesichengeni: amakhaya anabantwana abancinci, abantu abadala okanye abahlali abakhubazekileyo, kunye nabantu abakhubazekileyo.
EBoston, iMGA yafumanisa ukuba komnye ummelwane, phantse izaziso ezininzi zokuvalelwa kwamanzi zakhutshwa kwisithuba sonyaka njengoko bekukho amakhaya! Lilonke, iiwadi ezinemivuzo ephantsi eDorchester, eRoxbury naseMattapan-ngoku ubukhulu becala abaphambukeli kunye nabaseMelika baseMelika-zinamathuba ali-10 okuba zisongelwe ngezaziso zokuvalelwa kwamanzi kuneBack Bay ehlala ityebile, iBeacon Hill kunye neengingqi zasePrudential.
Kudliwano-ndlebe lwabahlali ngalo mba, umfundi wesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo wanikela ubungqina ngamatyala osapho lwakhe lwamanzi aphezulu, ephawula ukuba uyise uyasokola ukuhlawula ngaphezu kwekhulu leedola nyanga nganye. Lo mthwalo ufikelela kwizinga le-Detroit-level malunga ne-$ 150 / ngenyanga. I IKhomishini yaManzi yaseBoston kunye noGutyulo ilindele ukuba usapho oluqhelekileyo lwamatyala amane lube malunga ne-80 yeedola / ngenyanga. Kubantu abaninzi abasebenzayo, oku kuya kufakwa kwiintlawulo zabo ezikhulayo zerenti. Ngelishwa, njengoko izinto zimi ngoku, amaxabiso amanzi kuqikelelwa ukuba aza kunyuka minyaka le kwikamva elibonakalayo kwaye enze oko ngeereyithi ezingaphezulu kakhulu kokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Nangona ingaphantsi kuneentlawulo zikaDetroit, “iphumelele” iBoston isenamatyala anyukayo amanzi kunye neMisa. Uphando lweGlobal Action lubonise iziphumo ezingalinganiyo.
Esinye isizathu sokunyuka kwamatyala kukuqhubeka nokuhlawulwa kwetyala elisuka kwi-3.5 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi zokucocwa kweZibuko laseBoston - ligqithiselwe kubo bonke abahlali nokuba banako ukuhlawula… , ukugcinwa kwezityebi, ngokuqinisekileyo kuye kwaphuculwa kakhulu ngokucocwa xa kuthelekiswa nekonkile kunye noluntu oluvalelwe itela oluhlawula amaxabiso afanayo.
Ukubhala malunga neentsuku zayo zokuqala, amanqaku ombhali omnye, “Inkqubo yaseBoston yokuhlanganisa amaqula namaqula abucala kunye nenkampani enye yamanzi yayisilela.'' A umhlalutyi ushwankathele isiphumo: “Abantu baseBoston abazizityebi babekwazi ukufumana imibhobho yamanzi acocekileyo ukuya ngqo kumakhaya abo, kodwa ummi oqhelekileyo kwakufuneka azinze kumthombo wamanzi angcoliswe ziiminerali nezinto ezingcolisayo ezivela kwimizi-mveliso ekufutshane. Iintsapho ezihluphekayo nezingabasebenzi azizange zibone nethontsi. Ingxaki enkulu yezempilo yoluntu yavela…” Kumakhulu amabini eminyaka kamva, into eyayiyinyani ngeBoston ngeminyaka yoo-1820s, kuyinyaniso ngeDetroit kwaye mhlawumbi nakwikamva laseBoston.
USuren Moodliar ngumnxibelelanisi weMassachusetts Global Action kunye neeprojekthi zayo encuentro5 kunye noMbala waManzi. Unokuqhagamshelwana naye nge-imeyile ku: suren [ at ] fairjobs org.
Amakhonkco afakwe kweli nqaku:
AbaSebenzi boLuntu baManyene kwiBoston's "Hourglass Economy":http://massclu.org/sites/clud6.prometheuslabor.com/files/CLU+M%26M+Exercise_0.pdf >
Detroit Water Crisis, New York Times inqaku http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/04/opinion/going-without-water-in-detroit.html >
IEden kwiCharles nguMichael Rawson: http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674048416 >
Umbutho wamaLungelo eNtlalontle yaseMichigan http://michiganwro.blogspot.com/ >; bona kwakhona uMaureen Taylor kaMWRO kumabonakude elungisa ucalucalulo lwamajelo eendaba http://egbertowillies.com/2014/07/08/maureen-taylor-hank-winchester-detroit-water/ >
Iingxelo ngeBoston: http://bit.ly/CERDmga > Ingxelo yoMbala waManzi: http://bit.ly/c_H2O >
IZizwe eziManyeneyo malunga nemeko yaseDetroithttp://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=14777 >
Uthungelwano lwamaLungelo oLuntu lwase-US IiNgxelo zeShadow kwiKomiti yokupheliswa koCalucalulo ngokobuhlanga http://www.ushrnetwork.org/cerd-shadow-reports >