Lusuku lwaseOstreliya, nge-26 kaJanuwari, 2003 โ iminyaka engama-215 ukusukela oko iFleet yokuQala yafika eSydney Cove. Kwaye lo Mzantsi wePasifiki wobukoloniyali wokugada umda womda womda wempambano.
Njengoko kwakusithi qheke ukusa kunyaka wama-215 wolawulo lwesithsaba, abantu ababevalelwe kwiinkampu zokuvalelwa entlango batshisa imililo ngoqhankqalazo, kwaye uRhulumente waseHoward waphinda wavuthela ixilongo elichasene nabantu abafuna indawo yokusabela eyaphumelela ulonyulo kwakhona ngo-2001. umba wokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe uqaqambisa umthambo ombi wocalucalulo oqhubeka kwimbali yaseOstreliya. ISebe lezoMfuduko, iiNkcubeko ezininzi kunye neMicimbi yeMveli (i-DIMIA) kunye noMphathiswa walo uPhilip Ruddock baye bahamba ngokuvelisa amabali ukuvelisa inkxaso yemigaqo-nkqubo yabo enzima; amabanjwa afuna indawo yokhuseleko; kunye nokukhanyela ii-visa kumatsha-ntliziyo ezopolitiko esebenzisa ubungqina obuyimfihlo kunye nezizathu ezibambekayo. Ukoyikeka okukhapha umgaqo-nkqubo wokufudukela eOstreliya uhlala ugxininiswa ngamabango arhabaxa athi inkcaso elungelelanisiweyo kurhulumente wocalucalulo lokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe, kunye nezenzo zokuqhanqalaza ngokuchasene norhulumente, "azizozaseOstreliya."
Urhulumente ubona inkqubo yokuvalelwa njengenxalenye yesicwangciso-qhinga sisonke sokuthintela abantu abahluphekayo nabangengabo abamhlophe kunxweme lwabo lwentsomi olubulalayo. U-Adult Learning waseOstreliya uJanet Burstall wabhala ukuba uRhulumente kaJohn Howard uzama โukufundisaโ abo bafuna iwonga lokuba yimbacu eOstreliya: โIimbacu kufuneka zisasaze ilizwi emva ekhaya โ ungacingi nokucinga ngokuza eOstreliya, uya kubandezeleka esihogweni. โ
Ngeli xesha, i-DIMIA ilungisa ukuvalwa kwetshantliziyo labafundi base-US kunye nomququzeleli wezobulungisa kwihlabathi uDoyle Canning ngokucaphula ubungqina obuyimfihlo obuqokelelwe kwi-Australia kunye nezinye ii-arhente zobuntlola, kwaye ibhengeza ukuba ukwaliwa kwesicelo sakhe se-visa 'kunokuthintela abanye abantu ekwenzeni izenzo ezifanayo' simahla- intetho. Njengabantu baseVillawood, eWoomera, ePort Hedland, eBaxter nakwiChristmas Island baphinda baqhankqalaza iimeko ezikhohlakeleyo nezohlwayo kumaziko okuvalelwa eOstreliya ekuqaleni kwale nyanga, ibali lokuvalwa kwe-visa kaDoyle laqhekeka kwiphepha lokuqala lemihla ngemihla, OwaseOstreliya.
Ityala lakhe libonisa indlela umthetho wokufuduka waseOstreliya ojolise kuwo abo baxhasa iindlela ezizezinye kwingqiqo ejijekileyo echasene noluntu yobungxowankulu bemarike. Kwelinye icala umlweli woxolo wase-US kunye nomgxeki we-neoliberalism uthintelwe ukuba angene e-Australia. Kwelinye icala, uRhulumente waseHoward uxhasa ngokungqongqo inkqubo yemfazwe yolawulo lukaBush, kwaye uzimisele ukutyikitya isivumelwano sokurhweba ngokukhululekileyo kunye notyalo-mali kunye ne-USA.
Ekunye nabanye abangama-50, 000, uDoyle Canning wayekwizitrato zaseSeattle ekupheleni kuka-1999, eqhankqalazela intlanganiso yesithathu yabaphathiswa yoMbutho weHlabathi woRhwebo. NgoFebruwari 2000, oneminyaka engama-20 ubudala, waya eOstreliya ukuya kufunda ngendalo yaseOstreliya, iOstreliya yaseOstreliya, ubukoloniyali, iimpembelelo zokudityaniswa kwehlabathi eOstreliya, kunye nokusabela kweentshukumo zentlalo njengenxalenye yesidanga sakhe kwiKholeji yaseGoddard eVermont.
Phambi kokundwendwela e-Australia waye wagwetywa nje isohlwayo solwaphulo-mthetho esincinci-i-US $50 yesohlwayo sokuhlala kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-ofisi yeCongressman Bernie Sanders eqhubekayo - uqhanqalazo lokuphela kwebhombu ye-uranium yase-Kosovo ngo-1999. itikiti kwaye akazange abe nangxaki yokufumana i-visa yabakhenkethi yeenyanga ezintandathu. Ngelixa wayesenza uphononongo oluzimeleyo kunye nophando eTasmania naseVictoria, wadibana namatsha ntliziyo alungiselela inyathelo elithe ngqo kwiWorld Economic Forum (WEF) yeAsia-Pacific Summit ngoSeptemba.
UDoyle wabelane ngamabali kunye nezicwangciso eziliqili awazifumana kumava akhe eSeattle kwaye wanceda kwiinzame zokuhlanganisana ngokuchasene ne-WEF. Uthethe kwiindibano ezininzi kunye neenkomfa, kunye namajelo eendaba, malunga nokuhlanganiswa kweSeattle kunye ne-WTO, kodwa wabuyela ekhaya kwinyanga ngaphambi kokuba uqhanqalazo lwe-s11 luvale "iiOlimpiki zezoQoqosho" eMelbourne's Crown Casino.
Ibizwa ngokuba yi "Seattle yoMzantsi Pasifiki," intshukumo ye-s11 yathatha iintsuku ezintathu, kwaye ngentsasa ye-11 kaSeptemba, 2000 ngaphezulu kwe-10,000 yase-Australia yavala i-WEF, eyayidlala indawo yeNkulumbuso uJohn Howard, uBill Gates, kunye nee-CEO kunye. abezopolitiko abavela kwihlabathi liphela. Ngelixa iindawo zokuhlangana zazisindleke iimanyano zabasebenzi, abagqugquzeli bemekobume, abafundi kunye namatsha ntliziyo ayo yonke imigca yeentlanganiso, uqeqesho lokuthatha amanyathelo ngokuthe ngqo, iindibano zocweyo kunye noqhanqalazo oluchasene neniyoliberalism kunye nolawulo lweshishini, uSteve Bracks, iNkulumbuso yaseVictoria, wanyelisa ngokuchasene nabaqhankqalazi kwi-ABC News: OwaseOstreliya. Asiyonto yaseOstreliya kakhulu.โ
UDoyle Canning wayekwelinye icala lehlabathi ngelo xesha. Nangona kunjalo ukufunda phakathi kwemigca yembalelwano esemthethweni evela kwi-DIMIA, kufana nokuba urhulumente wase-Australia umenze "intombazana yokuwa" yezenzo ezichasene ne-WEF eMelbourne. Kanye njengokuba ukusetyenziswa kwegama elithi "unAustralian" kubuyela kwi-Cold War McCarthyism kunye "nemisebenzi engeyiyo yaseMelika," kukwanjalo nokwakhiwa okuhlekisayo kukaDoyle njengomqhushumbisi wangaphandle, "isandla sangaphandle." Oorhulumente kunye nemikhosi yabo yezokhuseleko baye baphosa amatsha-ntliziyo achasene nehlabathi njengeentsha โezibomvu phantsi kwebhediโ. Ungaze ucinge ukuba amawaka abantu baseOstreliya babe - kwaye basaqhubeka - beququzelela ngokuchasene nokungekho sikweni okwenziwa bubungxowankulu behlabathi.
Bangaphi abanye abantu abangavunyelwanga ukuba bangene eOstreliya ngenxa yeembono zabo zezopolitiko kunye nezenzo zolungiselelo ezingenabundlobongela? I-'The Australian' yanikela ingxelo yokuba "ekuthinteleni umfundi waseVermont ukuba atyelele apha, uMnumzana Ruddock umbeke kudidi lwasemzini oluyingozi olufana nolukaSinn Fein's Gerry Adams, umkhanyeli ngokuphandle we-Holocaust uDavid Irving kunye noBlack Panther uLorenzo Komboa Ervin."
Owayesakuba nguPanther kunye nombhali we-anarchist, u-Ervin wabanjwa ngelixa e-Brisbane ngoJulayi 1997 kukhenketho lokuthetha kwilizwe lonke. Waphoswa entolongweni waza wabethwa ngamapolisa emva kokuba wezopolitiko uPauline Hanson emtyhola ngokuba ngumnqolobi waza wafuna ukuba agxothwe. Nangona isigqibo sikaMphathiswa Wezokufika obambeleyo u-Amanda Vanstone sokurhoxisa i-visa ka-Ervin (ngokwesiseko sokuxhalaba โngomlinganiswaโ wakhe) saye sachithwa kwisigwebo senkundla, waxelelwa ukuba aphume okanye ajamelane nokugxothwa โ naphakathi kwemithombo yeendaba, izibhengezo zomanyano lwamazwe ngamazwe. , kunye nemiboniso kwi-consulates yaseOstreliya phesheya kolwandle.
Utyelelo lukaDoyle Canning ngokucacileyo lwafikelela kwingqwalasela yamapolisa ezopolitiko eOstreliya โ kodwa ukuvalwa komsebenzi wakhe, ngokucacileyo ngenxa โyesimoโ esifana neso, kwamiselwa ngokuzolileyo ngakumbi. Ukuchasa kwakhe ngelizwi iWTO kunye namabali oloyiso oluphunyelelweyo ngabantu ababehlanganisana eSeattle babonwa njengenkuthazo eyingozi kuluntu lwehlabathi lobulungisa behlabathi, ecwangcisa isenzo esithe ngqo kwi-WEF, kwaye izimvo zakhe kunye nezakhono zombutho zazibonakala ngathi zibubungqina besimilo sakhe esibi.
Emva kokuxelelwa ukuba akafanelekanga ukufumana i-visa yeendwendwe zeentsuku ezingama-90 emva kokufaka isicelo kwi-intanethi ngoSeptemba ka-2001, uDoyle wafumanisa ukuba wayephantsi kokwaliwa kwe-visa phantsi kwecandelo lama-501 loMthetho wokuFuduka, kwaye wayephantsi koMphathiswa โwoVavanyo lomNquloโ .
Kwaba ngoJulayi ka-2002 apho uDoyle waxelelwa nguNozakuzaku wase-Australia eWashington ukuba walelwa imvume yokundwendwela ngenxa yokuba engakhange aluphumelele โuVavanyo loMlinganiswaโ. ICandelo lama-501 (6) (d) loMthetho wokuFudukela eOstreliya livumela uMphathiswa wezoMfuduko ukuba ale i-visa ngenxa yokuba umenzi-sicelo uyinxalenye yezopolitiko kunye nokuba kunokwenzeka โukuvuselela ukungavisisani kuluntu lwase-Australia okanye kwicandelo loluntu.โ Ukongeza, uMthetho ubonelela ngongenelelo loMphathiswa ukuba umfaki-sicelo "angamela ingozi kuluntu lwase-Australia okanye kwicandelo loluntu, nokuba yindlela yokubandakanyeka kwizinto eziphazamisayo, okanye kubundlobongela obusongela ukwenzakala. kuluntu okanye icandelo, okanye nangayiphi na enye indlela.โ
UDIMIA uqulunqe ingxelo engomlingiswa kaDoyle kwidosi ekubhekiselwa kuyo njenge-รร โIzihlomelo A, B, kunye noC. Kakade ke, wayengawazi la maxwebhu, kwaye wafaka isikhalazo kwi-ofisi yeOmbudsman, kodwa ngokucacileyo uDIMIA wayecetyiswe ukuba la maxwebhu 'angadizwa nakubani na, kubandakanywa noNozikhalazo'.
Ukulandela i-'The Australian', eyacebisa ukuba i-Ombudsman yayisele iza kuthatha amanyathelo asemthethweni ngakuRuddock ukuze afumane ukufikelela kumaxwebhu ayimfihlo, u-Doyle wabhala efuna ingcaciso. Kwingxelo yezosasazo yakutsha nje uthe: โKwi-imeyile ebutsheni bale nyanga eyayivela kuJohn Taylor weOfisi yeOmbudsman, ndiye ndaxelelwa ukuba isikhundla sikaNozikhalazo sasimelwe ngempazamo kwinqaku elithi 'The Australian' kwaye ityala lam lavalwa ngoDisemba [2002] 'njengoko singakhange sikwazi ukuqhubeka nokuvelisa amaxwebhu abandakanyekayo ngenxa yokhuseleko olusemthethweni olunikezelwe kwi-DIMIA phantsi kweCandelo lama-503A loMthetho wokuFudukela'."
Apho isigqibo senziwe nguMphathiswa ngokwakhe, icandelo 503A loMthetho weMigration ngokucacileyo livumela uMphathiswa wezoFudukelo ukuba atywine kwaye abambe zonke iifayile zesebe - nokuba kuNozikhalazo - ingalo karhulumente ekufuneka ibonelele kwaye iqinisekise ukuphendula. urhulumente. U-Ruddock ungumbulali, ijaji kunye nejaji kwinkundla yekhangaru yase-Australian immigration.
Ngokuphathelele 'umlinganiswa' kaMphathiswa uRuddock, njengoMphathiswa weMicimbi yeMveli ngo-2000 waxelela 'iLe Monde Diplomatique' ukuba abantu bomthonyama eOstreliya babevinjwe amathuba ngenxa yokuba baye badibana โnempucuko ephuhlileyoโ emva kwexesha kunabanye abantu boMthonyama. Ngo-Okthobha ka-2001, wabetha iimbacu kunye nabantu abafuna indawo yokukhosela e-Australia ngo-Okthobha ka-XNUMX ngokubonisa ibali eliyinkohliso labantu base-Iraqi ekutyholwa ukuba bagibisela abantwana babo phezu kwamanzi ngelizama ukutyhola i-Australia ukuba ibangenise. Kakade ke, batyholwa ngokuba I-unAustralianism nayo. Ukuba abasemagunyeni baseOstreliya bazimisele ukwenza izehlo ezinjalo, kwaye uRuddock ngokwakhe ulwela imigaqo-nkqubo echasene nabantu abafuna indawo yokukhosela โabanoburhalarhumeโ kunye nabantu bomthonyama ukuba baphumelele unyulo, ngubani owaziyo ukuba zeziphi iintsomi kunye nezopolitiko eziqulethwe kwizihlomelo A, B kunye noC. ?
Ngelixa u-Ruddock esala ukubhengeza ulwazi athi lungqina isimilo esibi sikaDoyle, igosa lakhe leendaba lixelele amajelo eendaba ukuba kuya kufuneka "atshintshe iimeko zakhe kakhulu" ngaphambi kokuba asuse ukuvalwa kokuvalwa kuya kuqwalaselwa, kwaye "icandelo apho i-visa yakhe ine-visa). yaliwe ihleli kwirekhodi yakhe ngonaphakade kwaye iya kusebenza njengebhari. " Ukuvalwa kwe-visa ku-Gerry Adams kwarhoxiswa kuphela emva kokuba "eyekile ubundlobongela," ngoko "unokucinga ukuba ukwala ukumvumela ukuba abuyele e-Australia ngokunxulumene nemisebenzi yakhe kunye nemibutho e-US." Ulwazi olukuye kufuneka luhlale luyimfihlo kuba umthombo walo ufuna ukukhuselwa, batsho njalo.
Ukukhuselwa kwihlazo lokuba uMphathiswa kunye ne-DIMIA ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka banyamezele ukuba amaxwebhu akhululwe yimeko enokwenzeka ngakumbi. Ukusukela ekuchaseni umoya ngaphakathi kweekheji kunye nocingo olubiyelweyo lwamaziko okuvalelwa kwabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe e-Australia, ukuya kwimizabalazo yasezitratweni ngokuchasene nolawulo lweshishini kunye nekoloniyali, umbutho wezopolitiko uqondwa ngokucacileyo njengolwaphulo-mthetho kwabo banqwenela ilizwe elizimeleyo elizimeleyo kwezoqoqosho. ukuzingca kwabo.
Ngelixa i-Australia ibidlala i-WTO Mini-Ministerial eSydney ngoNovemba ophelileyo amawaka abantu abafuna indawo yokukhosela baye bavalelwa kwilizwekazi liphela. Njengoko i-Australia ithethathethana ngesivumelwano sokurhweba phakathi kwamazwe amabini kunye ne-US, u-Doyle uhlola iindlela ezisemthethweni ezinokuthi zichasene no-Ruddock kunye neSebe lakhe ngokuphathwa kwakhe ngokungekho sikweni. Umanyano lwehlabathi, siyakhunjuzwa, malunga nokuhamba ngokukhululekileyo kwenkunzi, kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho kwabo bafuna indawo yokusabela, okanye ukuzisa umyalezo wethemba kunye nobumbano kwimida yelizwe.
UDoyle uqukumbela ngelithi ityala lakhe โlibonisa ukuba urhulumente weLiberal uyoyika kakhulu iimbono ezicela umngeni kwi-neoliberal corporate globalization kangangokuba uya kusebenzisa zonke iindlela ezikhoyo ukuvala ukuchasana nokugcina imida yakhe ivulekele urhwebo olukhululekileyo, kwaye ivalwe kumatsha ntliziyo kunye nabaququzeleli abasebenzela utshintsho kwintlalontle. .โ