Imfundo ethatha inxaxheba esekelwe ekuxhobiseni abafundi ngokubandakanyeka kwabo ngokubonakalayo kuluntu lwabo sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokulwa urhwaphilizo kwixesha elide, ngokutsho kukaMyriam Anzola. U-Anzola wayeyintloko yeYunivesithi yaseMerida yePolitechnical uKleber Ramirez (UPTM) kwaye okwangoku ungumququzeleli weprogram yezifundo ezivulekileyo eyunivesithi. Uphanda ngentlalo-lwimi, ukungabikho esikolweni, inkcubeko yentlupheko, kunye nokudityaniswa kwabantu abakhubazekileyo. Ukwangugqirha wezemfundo kwaye unencutshe kwizifundo zolwimi. UTamara Pearson waseVenezuelanalysis.com wenze udliwanondlebe noAnzola izolo. UPearson ngomnye wabaphumeleleyo mva nje kwinkqubo yokufundisa engenye kwaye ungutitshala kwiSikolo esingesinye sasePueblo Nuevo.
VA: Zeziphi ezinye izikolo kwaye zahluke njani kwezo zesintu?
MA: Ndingatsho ukuba izikolo ezizezinye ziziindawo zokufundisa ezingacwangciswanga ezikhokelwa yikharityhulam yesizwe yaseBolivarian, kodwa zisetyenziswe ngendlela evuleleke ngakumbi neguquguqukayo, ngaphandle kwezinto ezifunekayo okanye kuluhlu lwabafundi, kwaye zibavumele ukuba baqhubele phambili ngesantya sabo.
VA: NgoJulayi, abahlohli bokuqala bokufundisa elizweni bathweswe izidanga. Kwabo bangaziyo, yintoni enye indlela yokufundisa, yakhiwe njani ikhosi, kwaye yintoni injongo yaso?
MA: I-Alternative pedagogy igxile ekuxhotyisweni kwabafundi ngokwemeko yentlalo nenkcubeko. Ibavumela ukuba baphuhlise iitalente zabo ngaphakathi kweprojekthi ekwabelwanayo ngayo enomxholo onomdla kubo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwaye isabela kubuqhetseba bendawo.
VA: Athini amava akho kwezinye izikolo esele zikhona?
MA: EMerida izikolo ezizezinye ezingamashumi amabini ziye zayilwa lisebe lezemfundo kunye norhulumente welizwe. Sithetha nje zisixhenxe izikolo ezisebenzayo, njengoko isebe lezemfundo khange liyigcine inkxaso yobugcisa efunekayo. Ezo zisebenza ngokwesi sikhokelo zibandakanya iindidi ngeendidi zeeprojekthi ezisabela kwiimpawu zoluntu lwesikolo ngasinye. Umzekelo, kukho isikolo se-agro-ecology esikhuthaza abantwana ukuba bafunde kwaye bafunde ngaphakathi kolondolozo lwendalo kunye nokutshintsha okuhambelana nokusingqongileyo. Kukho isikolo senzululwazi esifumana uncedo kwimyuziyam yenzululwazi nethekhinoloji ukuze kuphuhliswe umdla wabantwana kwizifundo zenzululwazi. Kukho isikolo esibandakanya abantwana abakhubazekileyo. Isebenza njengomzekelo wohlanganiso ukuze kwandiswe ubuntununtunu besikolo ngokubhekisele kwiiyantlukwano. Esinye isikolo esazalwa kumzekelo wesikolo esingesinye sisekelwe kwiprojekthi yenkqubo yokutolika kwaye sikhulisa umdla wokwakha intsingiselo ngokufunda; Uhlalutyo nokucingisisa kuyakhuthazwa kuyo yonke imisebenzi yokufunda. Kukwakho nesikolo sophuhliso lobugcisa esikhuthaza abantwana ngokwenza umsebenzi wokuyila, njengoko bephuhlisa imidlalo ngoonopopi.
Isikolo sombutho woluntu kunye nophuhliso lonxibelelwano ePueblo Nuevo lukhuthaza ulwazi malunga noluntu olungqongileyo kwaye luphuhlise iindlela zokudibanisa uluntu kubantwana. Ikhuthaza ukuzilawula kuzo zonke izinto ezisesikolweni nezingezizo ezesikolo. Iqela lootitshala besi sikolo lelokuqala ukuthweswa isidanga kwisicwangciso sokufundisa ngenye indlela, kwaye isikolo sele siliziko lophando kulo mmandla.
Ndicinga ukuba amava ahlukile kwisikolo ngasinye. Nangona kunjalo ndicinga ukuba kukho into eqhelekileyo, ekukuqhawuka kwesikimu sofundo lwesiqhelo olusekwe kwangaphambili ngekharityhulamu. Kuzo zonke izikolo kukho indawo yenkululeko neyokuthatha inxaxheba kwabantwana ngokubonakalayo ekufundeni nasekuphuhliseni iiprojekthi zesikolo. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, oku kuthanda amava anzulu kwaye afaneleke ngakumbi ngokwembono ye-epistemological. Ibeka phambili amandla okucinga ngaphezulu kokunkqaya kunye nokuphinda umxholo. Kodwa ngaphaya koko, imodeli enjalo ithanda ukudalwa kweendawo apho abafundi babandakanyeka kubunyani babo obungqongileyo, bevelisa ukuqonda kwentlalo.
VA: Ingaluphelisa njani ke enye imfundo urhwaphilizo?
MA: Urhwaphilizo sisiphumo semfuneko yokuba abantu baqokelele izinto eziphathekayo ngexesha elifutshane, kwaye ikwayimveliso yokubawa. Imfundo yemveli ekhuphisanayo kunye neyomntu ngamnye ifundisa abantu ukuba bavelele ngaphezu koontanga babo, kwaye bafune uncedo lobuqu. Ukufunda ngentsebenziswano nakuba kunjalo kukhuthaza ubambiswano, ukuqondana kwabanye, nokwabelana ngolwazi phakathi kwawo onke amalungu esikolo. Oku kuqhawula imodeli yokuzingca yokufikelela kuphela iinjongo zomntu ngemfundo, kwaye igxininise umsebenzi wokwenene wokufundisa, osekelwe kwintlalontle yabantu ukuze kulunge.
VA: Ngaba ucinga ukuba enye imfundo inokuba nefuthe elinjalo kubantu abadala namhlanje eVenezuela?
MA: Ndicinga ukuba kunzima ukuba abazivezi kwinkqubo yokucingisisa ngezenzo zabo kunye nendima yabo ekuhlaleni. Kuya kufuneka zidityaniswe kwiimeko zentsebenziswano apho umdla woninzi wokwanelisa iimfuno ezifanayo ulawula. Ngaphakathi kwamava eeyunivesithi zezifundo ezivulekileyo, uluntu lokufunda lwabantu abadala lwenziwe. Nangona aba bantu badala bafundiswa ngenkqubo yemfundo yemveli, ngokuthe ngcembe baye bahamba besakha unxulumano olutsha nemfundo yesikolo apho bangafumani mabanga okanye iinzuzo zomntu ngamnye, koko babelane ngoxanduva lokuphanda ukuze basombulule iingxaki neqela.
VA: Ngaba iphulo eliqhutywa ngurhulumente ngoku lokulwa norhwaphilizo liyasebenza? Kutheni okanye kutheni kungenjalo?
MA: Ngandlelโ ithile, kuba isusa ukungohlwaywa. Kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha, kufuneka okungakumbi kunesohlwayo. Inkqubo yemfundo yobuntu iyafuneka ekhuthaza iinqobo ezisemgangathweni ezintsha kwasebancinane.
VA: Ngaba akuyomfuneko ukudibanisa enye imfundo nezinye iindlela, ezifana namagunya aphantsi, amabhunga oluntu, amabhunga abasebenzi, ezinye iindlela kunye neendaba zoluntu, ukuze kupheliswe urhwaphilizo?
MA: Ewe kunjalo. Imfundo engenye iyavakala kuphela xa iyinxalenye yenyani yoluntu. Uluntu lufanele ukuthatha inxaxheba njengomba osisiseko wenkqubo yemfundo, kwaye zonke iziko likarhulumente kufuneka libe neprojekthi yemfundo esisigxina ukuze kuphuhliswe izinto ezixabisekileyo ezinjengomanyano, intsebenziswano, intlonipho yeeyantlukwano nokunyamezelana, eziziinqobo ezisemgangathweni nemithetho-siseko engakhuthazwayo. kwiindawo zokusebenza zemveli, iindawo ezisebenza ngokwenyani njengezikolo.
VA: Singenza njani ukuba ekugqibeleni sibe nenkqubo yesizwe yemfundo engenye, kwaye yeyiphi imiqobo esiya kuhlangabezana nayo endleleni?
MA: Ewe, ndicinga ukuba imfundo mayibe yinto enye, ayifuni zifani. Ukuba imfundo yemveli ibinokuthi ibeke phambili ukufunda kwabafundi ngokwesakhelo senkululeko nentlonipho kwisikhundla somntu ngamnye, enye imfundo ibingayi kuba yimfuneko. Kodwa kukho izinto ezininzi kakhulu ezichasene nomzekelo wemfundo owahlukileyo kulowo umiselweyo; ukuqeqeshwa kootitshala kwiidyunivesithi zemveli ezikhuthaza ukhuphiswano kunye nempumelelo yomntu esekwe kulawulo olungaqondwayo, inkqubo yolawulo lwemfundo yaseprayimari elawulwayo yahlulahlulwe ngokwamabanga athi ngamanye amaxesha angaphenduli kubuchule bokuqonda babantwana, i-pre- ikharityhulamu esekiweyo neqinisiweyo, kwaye okokugqibela, iintsapho ezinethemba lokubona abantwana babo besenza ngcono kunamaqabane abo, ngaphandle kokuzikhathaza ngento abayifundayo.
Utshintsho lwezemfundo lufuna ukuqonda ngokuhlangeneyo malunga nokubaluleka kokufunda ngendlela enentsingiselo ukuze: ucamngce ngobunyani, ufune iimpendulo, kwaye wakhe iikhonsepthi kwingqiqo yomanyano. Kwakhona, ukuze kulungiswe iinjongo ezingenakuphepheka zoluntu: ukusindisa iplanethi, ukudala inkcubeko enoxolo, ukufuna izisombululo kwiingxaki zentlalo ezixekweni nasezilalini, ukuveliswa kokutya, kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji ngokweemfuno zoluntu. amaxesha, ngaphandle kokuhlasela isidima sezizwe.