Ukunqongophala kweMisebenzi kunye nokuLingana, hayi iZakhono, kwiNtliziyo yeNgxaki yokungaSebenzi
By URoger Bybee
Xa kuziwa kwimisebenzi, iiRiphabhlikhi kunye neLungelo ngokungaphumeleliyo zikhupha isisombululo esifanayo kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni imeko yezoqoqosho okanye ukuba ingaphumeleli kangaphi: ukucuthwa kwerhafu ngakumbi kubadali beMisebenzi kwi-Corporate America kunye neklasi yomtyali-mali.
Idemokhrasi, kwelazo icala, ziye zatyekela ekukhuthazeni i-mantra efanayo malunga nentswela-ngqesho ngaphandle kokungabikho kwamathuba emisebenzi okanye ukunqongophala kwemisebenzi eMelika.
Ukungaqeshwa kubuyele ngaphezulu kwe-9 pesenti kwakhona kwaye sisemngciphekweni wokuwela kolunye uqoqosho, njengoko wenzayo e-United States xa uMongameli Roosevelt warhoxa kwangoko kwiinkqubo zokuvuselela kunye nokudala imisebenzi ngo-1937.
Ngokukodwa, uMongameli u-Obama kunye ne-Democrats yeCongress baye bagxila ngokungapheliyo kwisidingo sokufumana imfundo engaphezulu kunye nokuqeqeshwa kwakhona kwezakhono kwabo banediploma zekholeji ezintsha okanye izatifikethi zekholeji yoluntu. Kodwa esi sisombululo siyasilela ekulungiseni ukunqongophala kwezithuba zemisebenzi abafundi abatsha abasele bejongene nayo.
INGXAKI IMISEBENZI, AYIKUnqongophala kweZAKHONO
Iingxaki ezingundoqo yimisebenzi nokungalingani, hayi ukunqongophala kwezakhono phakathi kwabasebenzi. Abasebenzi baphulukene nomdlalo wezitulo zomculo apho imisebenzi ithi shwaka kwaye ingatshintshwa.
Xa abasebenzi abagxothiweyo begqiba ngempumelelo iinkqubo zoqeqesho, ngokuqhelekileyo abakwazi ukufumana imisebenzi efana nemivuzo neenzuzo kuleyo baphulukene nayo. โPhakathi kwekhulu labasebenzi abadekiweyo,โ utsho umbhali wezoqoqosho weNew York Times uLouis Uchitelle kwincwadi yakhe Abantu baseMelika abaLahlwayo: Ukudilizwa kunye neziphumo zabo, "I-27 yenza umvuzo wabo omdala kwakhona, okanye ngaphezulu, kwaye i-73 yenza ngaphantsi, okanye ayisebenzi kwaphela."
Ukucaca, ukukhusela imfundo yoluntu sisigqibo esibalulekileyo ngenxa yokukhula kwenkampani kunye neRiphabhlikhi yokuchasa ingeniso yerhafu kutyalo-mali olubalulekileyo lwentlalo kwimfundo yoluntu.
Kodwa inokuba yindlela ephoxayo yokuba iiDemokhrasi zithintele ungquzulwano oluphambili kunye neenkampani ngenxa yokusilela kwabo ukuvelisa imisebenzi eMelika ngaphandle kwengeniso yerekhodi, irekhodi lemali eseleyo (i-1.9 yezigidigidi zeedola esandleni), kunye nokurekhoda umvuzo we-CEO. Njengoko iCorporate America yathumela imisebenzi emininzi nangakumbi phesheya kweelwandle, ukukhula kwengqesho e-US bekungaphantsi kwepesenti enye ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-1999.
Ngeli xesha, iinkqubo zemfundo yoluntu ziyaphangwa ukusuka eWisconsin ukuya eTexas ukuya eFlorida ukuxhasa ikhefu lerhafu kwabo batyebileyo yipesenti enye, kunye nokuxhasa ngemali imifuniselo engaphumeleliyo kwizikolo zabucala "ezikhethiweyo" njengaseBadger State.
Njengenye yeentsika ezibalulekileyo kuluntu lwedemokhrasi apho abantwana bafunda ulwazi kunye nezakhono ukuze babe ngabemi abasebenzayo, imfundo yoluntu idinga ukhuseleko olunamandla, olunamandla kunanini na ngaphambili. Akuncedi ukuba uhlaselo lwangaphambili lweLungelo kwimfundo yoluntu lukhatshwe kukujikwa ecaleni kwemfundo kawonke-wonke nguNobhala wezeMfundo ka-Obama u-Arne Duncan kunye nabanye โabahlaziyiโ abadumileyo abajolise kootishala njengomthombo ongundoqo wenkqubo yemfundo. iingxaki.
Kodwa uninzi lweedemokhrasi ziye zavumela iinkqubo zemfundo yoluntu ukuba zibe sisicwangciso semisebenzi yazo yonke. Ewe, kunyanzelekile ukuba wonke umntwana abe nelungelo lemfundo efanayo ekumgangatho ophezulu.
Ewe, kufuneka senze imfundo ephakamileyo ifikeleleke kwakhona kubasebenzi kunye nabantwana abahluphekayo. Ewe, sifuna ukufunda ubomi bonke ukuze abantu baqhubeke bezuza izakhono ezitsha, zokuzikhulisa kunye nokusabela kuqoqosho oluguqukayo.
INGXAKI YEZOQOQOSHO AWUYI KUSONjululwa NGEMFUNDO ENGENZI
Kodwa kufuneka sicace: ubunzima bethu bezoqoqosho ngoku abukho imveliso yokungabikho kwemfundo phakathi kwabasebenzi baseMelika. Njengoko uJacob Hacker kunye noPaul Pierson bechaza kwincwadi yabo ebalaseleyo Ophumeleleyo-Thatha-Zonke ezoPolitiko, ingxaki โayikokutshintsha kobugcisa obusekelwe kubuchule.โ Endaweni yoko, eyona ngxaki ingundoqo kukungalingani okuxhaphakileyo kunye nokungabikho kwemisebenzi ekumgangatho ophakathi ekhula ngokukhawuleza kuluntu lwaseMelika.
UHacker kunye noPierson babonisa isalathiso esothusayo sendlela engalingani ngayo iMelika:
โฆKukho ukungalingani okukhulu phakathi kwabasebenzi abanomgangatho ofanayo wezakhono (umlinganiselo wokulinganisa, imfundo kunye nolwazi lokufunda nokubhala) e-United States kunabo bonke abasebenzi kwamanye amazwe atyebileyo alinganayo.
Uphononongo olutsha lweZiko loMgaqo-nkqubo woQoqosho bonisa ukuhla kwexabiso lediploma zekholeji ebusweni bemarike yabasebenzi egcweleyo:
bekukho ukwanda okukhulu kakhulu kokungaqeshwanga naphakathi kwabasebenzi abanesidanga sokuqala okanye imfundo engaphezulu, bekhula ukusuka kwi-3.9% ngoDisemba 2007 ukuya kwi-8.4% ngoMatshi 2011. Enyanisweni, ukunyuka kwepesenti kweli zinga lokungaqeshwa kwabakhulu kubasebenzi abane-bachelor's. isidanga okanye ngaphezulu kuzo zonke ezinye iindidi zemfundo.
ENew York Times umbhali wemihlathi nowawongwa ngembasa yeNobel uPaul Krugman uye wayiphelisa intsomi yokuba imfundo eyongezelelekileyo iza kuvelisa imisebenzi eyongezelelekileyo noqoqosho olomeleleyo lo gama nje sinazo izigqeba zangoku zokungalingani. Endaweni yokuzoba umahluko obukhali phakathi kwabo banezidanga zasekholejini kunye nabangaphandle, uKrugman echaza ukuba owona mgca wempazamo uphakathi kwabasebenzi bekhola emhlophe kwelinye icala kunye ne "oligarchs" kwelinye:
Abasebenzi abafunde kakhulu benze ngcono kunabo banemfundo encinane, kodwa isidanga sasekholeji asikhange sibe litikiti lengeniso enkulu. Ingxelo yezoQoqosho kaMongameli ka-2006 isixelela ukuba umvuzo wokwenyani wabaphumelele ekholejini wehle ngaphezulu kwepesenti ezi-5 phakathi ko-2000 no-2004โฆ.
Ke ngoobani abaphumeleleyo ekunyukeni kokungalingani? Ayisiyiyo ipesenti ezingama-20 eziphezulu, okanye ipesenti ze-10 eziphezulu. Iinzuzo ezinkulu ziye kwiqela elincinane kakhulu, elityebileyo kunolo...ukuba kwipesenti ezilishumi eziphezulu zokusasazwa kwengeniso, njengokuba uphumelele ekholejini, ibingelotikiti lokufumana umvuzo omkhulu. Kodwa ingeniso kwi-10th percentile yenyuka ngama-99 ekhulwini; ingeniso kwi-87th percentile yenyuka nge-99.9 ekhulwini; kunye nengeniso kwi-181th percentile yenyuka ngama-99.99 ekhulwini.
Hayi, ayingombhalo ogwenxa. Endaweni yoko, sibona ukunyuka kwe-oligarchy emxinwa: umvuzo kunye nobutyebi ziya zigxila kwizandla zabancinci, abakhethekileyo.
Okwangoku, sifuna iiDemokhrasi ukuba zilwele imfundo yoluntu njengoko iphangwa kwaye iphangiwe ukuze kuxhaswe ikhefu lerhafu ngakumbi kwabo bafuna imali encinci.
Kodwa sikwadinga iiDemokhrasi ezizimisele ukuthatha izakhiwo zokungalingani ukubamba i-oligarchs eqhubeka nokutshabalalisa imisebenzi yase-US.
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