UPeter Bohmer,
IFaculty yezoQoqosho kunye noQoqosho lwezoPolitiko
Ikholeji yase-Evergreen State
I-Olympia, eWashington, eUnited States
Inikezelwe eThessaloniki, eGrisi, ngoSeptemba 9, 2010 kwi-A-Fest, uMthendeleko wabachasene noGunyaziwe
Enkosi ngokundimema. Ndiwongekile ukuba kunye nawe eGrisi kumnyhadala waseThessaloniki obekwe ngabachasi-mthetho. Nangona ujamelene nobunzima obuqatha bezoqoqosho, unikela ithemba kwabo basehlabathini lonke abasilwa nxamnye nentswela-ngqesho, nxamnye nokucuthwa kweenkqubo zentlalontle nobuhlwempu nabazinikele ekudaleni ihlabathi elilunge ngakumbi apho isidima sabo bonke abantu singumgaqo walo olungelelanisiweyo. Ndiyathemba ukuba intetho yam iya kubonelela ngeembono eziluncedo kwezinye iindlela.
I-Capitalism yinkqubo engaphumeleliyo neyonakalisayo njengoko inokubonwa ngokucacileyo kwintlekele yehlabathi ngokubanzi kunye nengxaki yaseGrisi ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, ayiyi Ukuwa ngokwalo kwaye ukuba kunjalo, enye indlela ayinakwenzeka ukuba ibe nenkululeko ngaphandle kokuba sinayo iphuhliswe kwithiyori kwaye isebenzise ezinye iindlela zokwenyani kuyo, kunye neentshukumo ezinamandla ngokwaneleyo zokuguqula kunye nokuguqula uluntu.
Ukugxeka kunye nokuchasa ubungxowankulu kunye neengxaki ezininzi ezizibangelayo ziyimfuneko kodwa ngaphandle kokunye akwanele. Thina, ii-radicals, sichithe ixesha elininzi ekuphuhliseni uhlalutyo olubalaseleyo lwendalo yayo yokuxhatshazwa kunye nengcinezelo, yemida ekuyilungiseni kodwa akwanelanga kwizinto esizifunayo kunye nendlela yokufika apho. Ukuphuhlisa iindlela ezizezinye ziyimfuneko kwinguqu yenguqu nanjengoko ziziqhinga zokudibanisa ukugxeka kwethu ubungxowankulu kumbono wethu wenye indlela. Ndiza kugxila ikakhulu kwizinto esizifunayo kunye nesikufunayo nangona ndiza kubandakanya ezinye izimvo malunga neqhinga.
Kukho enye indlela!
Ukusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1970, eyona ngcamango iphambili yeyokuba Akukho ndlela yimbi (TINA), okanye akukho ndlela ilungileyo yokulungelelanisa uluntu inokwenzeka. Ngaphandle kwenye indlela, asikwazi ukuphendula indlela yokusombulula Ingxaki enkulu yezoqoqosho nezentlalo ezifana nezabasebenzi, intswelangqesho, intlupheko, ukufudumala kwehlabathi, ucalucalulo, impiriyali. kunye nentlupheko okanye sihlala sithintelwa kukhetho olubi okanye olungonelanga, oluthintelwe ngakumbi bubungxowankulu behlabathi. Umzekelo, ukuba sifuna umvuzo ophilayo kubo bonke kunye neveki yokusebenza yeeyure ze-20, sijongene nethuba lokuba abaqeshi baya kuhambisa inkunzi yabo kwelinye ilizwe, kwaye ukuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe kuya kunyuka kwaye ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwehla kubi ngakumbi kwibhalansi yeentlawulo. Oku kuya kubangela ukuba olu hlaziyo lukhulu lungenziwa.
I-TINA okanye Ayikho enye indlela isetyenziswa kwiimvakalelo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo. Eyokuqala neyona ixhaphakileyo yindlela eyayisetyenziswa yiNkulumbuso yaseBritane, uMargaret Thatcher, ngo-1979 xa wayesithi. “ayikho enye indlela yokudityaniswa kwehlabathi” oko kuthetha akukho ndlela yimbi kuneniyoliberalism okanye neoliberal ubungxowankulu. Le yeyona mvakalelo ingqongqo ye-TINA. Ukuba akukho ndlela ibalulekileyo nesebenzayo kwimakethi ekhululekileyo yobufundamentali sisikhundla yeKhomishini yaseYurophu, yamaziko ezemali kumazwe ngamazwe afana ne-IMF, iBhanki yeHlabathi kunye neWorld Trade Organisation, kwaye ibonakala ngathi yiNkulumbuso uGeorge Papandreou kunye noMongameli wam, uBarack Obama.
Njengempendulo kwingxaki yezemali kunye nezinga eliphezulu lokungabikho kwemisebenzi emhlabeni jikelele, abaninzi bafowunela, endaweni yendlela elawulwayo ye-capitalism, i-Keynesian okanye i-social democratic variant, umz. UJoe Stiglitz kunye noGeorge Soros. Kule mbono, kufuneka kube namandla imimiselo kumaziko emali, imigaqo yokusingqongileyo, kunye inkcitho karhulumente ngokwaneleyo ukuze kubekho ukuqeshwa okuphezulu. Kukho inethi ebalulekileyo yokhuseleko loluntu kunye nenqanaba elithile lerhafu eqhubekayo yokwenza emva kwengeniso yerhafu ilingane ngaphezu kwengeniso yerhafu. Imveliso ilungiselelwe inzuzo, ngamaqumrhu abucala kunye nemarike. Kule mbono yedemokhrasi yezentlalo, akukho ndlela yimbi kunobukapitali kodwa kukho umahluko onqwenelekayo kwineoliberal capitalism. Ndiyithatha idemokhrasi yentlalo njengohlobo longxowankulu kuba luluntu olulawulwa ngoongxowankulu kwaye uninzi lwabantu abavelisa iimpahla kunye neenkonzo ngabasebenzi abarholayo. Ke oku kukwahluka kwesibini kwe-TINA-kukho enye indlela ye-neoliberalism kodwa hayi kwi-capitalism.
Ngaphakathi kwesithethe sobusoshiyali, kukho umahluko wesithathu we-TINA. Ewe, kukho ezinye iindlela zongxowankulu, kodwa zimbini kuphela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zobusoshiyali kuluntu lonke: ucwangciso olusembindini okanye usoshiyali bemarike. Zombini ezi zikhetho zineziphene kakhulu kodwa kukho indlela enokwenzeka nenqwenelekayo yesoshiyali okanye eyenkululeko, endiyibiza ngokuba yi-participatory socialism. Esinye isizathu sokukholelwa kwi-TINA kukuba akukho lunye uluntu olukhoyo esinokukhomba kwaye sithi le nto sifuna ukuyidala. Ndiza kwenza amagqabantshintshi malunga neVenezuela njengoluntu ukuba nangona isengongxowankulu iqhubela phambili ngandlela thile isiya kuthatho-nxaxheba lobusoshiyali kunye nedemokhrasi ethe ngqo.
Zombini ngaphakathi kweMarxist kunye nesiko le-anarchist, kuye kwakho ukuthandabuza ukuphuhlisa imibono eyahlukileyo. uluntu. Zininzi izizathu zokuba kutheni amatsha ntliziyo kunye nemibutho yezentlalo ingaqhelekanga ukucebisa ezinye iindlela zongxowankulu-ukusuka ekungafuni ukubizwa ngokuba yi-utopian ukuya kuloyiko lokuba ukwenza enye indlela kuya kubonwa njengobunjineli bezentlalo okanye ivanguardism.
Ndiyakubongoza ukuba sibe njalo utopian—ukukulungela ukudlulela ngaphaya koko bekukhe kwabakho, ukuya ngaphaya koko sikuxelelwe ukuba akunakwenzeka, ukuphupha nokwenza okuthile. Yiba nengqondo, kungekhona ngengqiqo yengcamango ngaphandle kwesicwangciso esinokwenzeka kodwa kunokuba u-utopian ekuhambeni ngaphaya koko kukhoyo, ukuzabalazela elinye ihlabathi eliyimfuneko nelinokwenzeka, ukucinga okukhulu kunye nobuchule! Ngaphandle koko asinalo ithuba lokudala ihlabathi esilifunayo nesilifunayo.
Asifuni zicwangciso kodwa izimvo zendlela uqoqosho noluntu olungahlangabezana ngayo neemfuno zoluntu kwaye lube nokwenzeka; njani amaziko kunye nokulungelelaniswa koluntu kuya kuqhubela phambili imilinganiselo esiyigqala njengebalulekileyo. Ukunqanda ubungozi bobunjineli bezentlalo ngabantu abakrelekrele okanye abaphezulu kwezobuchwephesha, lo mbono uphuhlayo kufuneka ulingwe ngemizekelo ebambekayo kuluntu olukhoyo, kwaye unxibelelane kwaye usoloko uguqulwa yimibutho yezentlalo kunye nemibutho elwela utshintsho olusisiseko. Umbono wethu mawungqale ngokwenkcubeko nangokwembali; isayizi enye ayingeni yonke.
Ubusoshiyali
Ndizakuzoba imiba engundoqo yentlalo yobusoshiyali ethatha inxaxheba. Igama alibalulekanga, undoqo na.
Amanye amagama ngaphandle kwe-socialist ethatha inxaxheba yi-socialist, i-libertarian socialist, uqoqosho oluthatha inxaxheba, uluntu oluthatha inxaxheba, i-socialism yabangama-21.st kwinkulungwane, ubukomanisi bebhunga, usoshiyali bedemokhrasi, kunye neendlela ezininzi i-anarchism. Ngamanye amaxesha ihamba ngegama ledemokhrasi yezoqoqosho nangona oko kukwaquka iinguqulelo ezininzi zobungxowankulu obuhlaziyiweyo. Iingcamango ziphuhliswe kakhulu kwimibhalo kaMichael Albert noRobin Hahnel. Ndiyabatyala oku kulandelayo nangona ndohluke kwimiba embalwa.
Ndisebenzisa igama elithi socialism kuba imele isithethe ekufanele sigcinwe nangona sibalulekile. Ndibambelele kweli gama kuba kwiindawo ezininzi kwihlabathi jikelele, i-socialism imele kwaye imele iminqweno yabantu abacinezelweyo nabasebenzi yenkululeko kunye nesidima somntu. Ithwala a imithwalo eninzi esuka kubudlelwane bayo nemeko yengcinezelo yeSoviet Union, ingakumbi emva kokuvela kukaStalin, ukuya kwimbali yamaqela obusoshiyali xa isemagunyeni ixhasa impiriyali kwaye ifuna iinguqu; kumaqela obusoshiyali kunye namaqela angenzi umbindi wengcinezelo yabasetyhini, okanye ingcinezelo yabantu bomthonyama kunye nabambalwa ngokwesondo, okanye ukuba ngoorhulumente ongenzi idemokhrasi kunye namandla athandwayo angundoqo, okanye ukubeka phambili ukukhula koqoqosho ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye iinjongo. Ngoko ke ndicebisa ukuba sizigqale njengenxalenye yesi siko lo gama singawakhuseli amaqela amaninzi, amaqela, noluntu oluzibiza ngokuba lubusoshiyali.
Kwakhona, ngokungafaniyo noqoqosho longxowankulu, a yobusoshiyali uqoqosho lunethuba lokugcinwa kokusingqongileyo, ukwenza i-central njengoko i-Iroquois okanye i-Haudenasaunee abantu bomthonyama bathi, ngokuqwalasela impembelelo yezigqibo, izizukulwana ezisixhenxe kwixesha elizayo. Ukuba oku kwenziwa injongo engundoqo yentlalontle okanye uluntu olucwangcisiweyo oluthatha inxaxheba, kunye nokusebenza ixesha elide yinxalenye yako konke ukuthathwa kwezigqibo, uzinzo lunokuba yinyani hayi nje isixhobo sokuthengisa. Kwelinye icala, ukuba usoshiyali ugxile ekukhuleni koqoqosho njengeyona njongo iphambili, iziphumo zisenokungabi ngcono, ngokwemekobume, kunoluntu longxowankulu.
ILixesha lokoyisa iyantlukwano kunye neyantlukwano phakathi kwama-Marxists kunye nama-anarchists. Ukuhlangana kwabo kunye nemibono evela kwezinye izikhokelo ezifana nezo zemveli ezigxile kakhulu kunokunceda ukwenza izigxeko ezityebileyo, amaqhinga kunye nemibono apho sifuna ukuya khona. I-non-Leninist Marxists kunye ne-non-individualist kunye ne-anarchists yokwakha intshukumo kunye namaqela anxulumeneyo anele ngokwaneleyo ukuba asebenze kunye ngokumanyeneyo kunye nenani elipheleleyo likhulu kunesimbuku samaqela kunye neembono. Sinokwakha imibutho eyomeleleyo kunye nengqiqo ngakumbi ngale ndlela.
Ngobusoshiyali, ndiyathetha le ulawulo oludumileyo lwemveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwentsalela yoluntu kuluntu okanye intshukumo ecacileyo kweli cala. Ukuphelisa ubunini babucala kunye nolawulo lwentsalela kuyimfuneko kodwa akwanelanga kububusoshiyali. Yona ingaphezulu kokwenziwa kuzwelonke. Amashishini alawulwa ngokwemigangatho ephantsi ayingomashishini obusoshiyali. Le ngcamango yobusoshiyali ifuna ezi ndawo zine zilandelayo:
I-1) Ulawulo lokuzimela, ulawulo lwabasebenzi kwinqanaba lendawo yokusebenza.
2) Ulawulo lweDemokhrasi noludumileyo kuluntu luphela. .
3) Imveliso elungiselelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabantu, ayifuni nzuzo
4) Ucwangciso lwedemokhrasi
Ngoko ke usoshiyali xa uphuhliswe ngokupheleleyo uthetha idemokhrasi, kwinqanaba elincinane lendawo yokusebenza kunye nakwinqanaba loluntu okanye lezopolitiko. Ngokufanayo, idemokhrasi ngengqiqo yolawulo oludumileyo kwizigqibo eziphambili zezoqoqosho nezopolitiko ukuba ziphuhliswe ngokupheleleyo ikwathetha isoshiyali. I-Socialism kunye nedemokhrasi zinokuba neendawo ezahlukeneyo zokuqalwa kodwa enye ithetha enye, zidibene. Undoqo kubusoshiyali kukulingana kunye nedemokhrasi ebambekayo nethe ngqo.
Okunye okungundoqo kolu kuqonda kukuba i-capitalism ayinakuguqulwa kodwa kufuneka ipheliswe ngokupheleleyo kwaye iguqulwe. Amandla ongxowankulu ukuxhaphaza abasebenzi, ukuqesha kunye ngomlilo, ukumisela indlela esiphila ngayo, ukubumba urhulumente, ukubamba uluntu lwethu ukuze kuhlawulwe irhafu kwaye imivuzo ephantsi mayipheliswe. Ingqikelelo revolution njengenkqubo kodwa ikwayinguqu esisiseko eluntwini, yokuba uninzi lwabemi luphakama luthathe ulawulo kwabo baluthathele phantsi, inguqu isengumbono ofanelekileyo. Ugxininiso lwam lukwinkululeko kunye notshintsho olusemgangathweni ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu. Ayinabundlobongela ngokuyimfuneko.
Phambi kokuba ndichaze uluntu oluthatha inxaxheba kobusoshiyali, ndiza kugxeka ngokufutshane ezinye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zobusoshiyali.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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