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Khawufane ucinge ukuba uGeorge Bush Senior wavakala ethetha oku malunga nokuba kutheni ivoti yamaJuda-yaseMelika ihambe ngendlela ethile City New York unyulo lukasodolophu: "Kulungile, ayindothusi loo nto kuba ndiyayazi indlela acinga ngayo amaYuda."
Khawufane ucinge UJimmy Carter Iviwe inika oku kulandelayo malunga nevoti yaseLatino los Angeles : "Yiloo nto bendiyilindele, kuba ndiyazi indlela abantu baseMexico abacinga ngayo."
Khawufane ucinge ukuba uMfundisi uJesse Jackson wavakala ethetha oku kulandelayo malunga neepateni zokuvota zaseCaucasus Iowa : “isengqiqweni kum; Ndiyazi ukuba abamhlophe bacinga njani.”
Ngoku yiba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni woko UBill Clinton waviwa ethetha oku kulandelayo malunga nokuba kutheni URay Nagin wakwazi ukusebenzisa ivoti emnyama ukoyisa uMitch Landrieu kunyulo lukasodolophu waseNew Orleans ngo-2006: “Ndiyayiqonda, kuba ndiyayazi indlela abantu abantsundu abacinga ngayo.”
Akukho nto ibonisa ukuba amagqabantshintshi amathathu okuqala ayenzeka. Kodwa inkcazo yesine yinto erekhodiweyo. Inokufumaneka kwiphe. 53 kaSeptemba 18 2006 New Yorker, ngaphakathi Umfanekiso onamaphepha angama-23 kaClinton obizwa ngokuba yi "Wanderer." Eli nqaku libhalwe ngumbhali waseNew Yorker uDavid Remnick, owamakisha kunye nowayesakuba ngumongameli kuhambo lokuya. Mzantsi Afrika ngehlobo lika-2006. Ngobunye ubusuku eSaxon Hotel e Rhawutini , i-verbose edumileyo uClinton wawisa umgca wakhe othi "indlela abantu abamnyama abacinga ngayo" ngelixa ebambelele etafileni noRemnick nabanye. Nantsi iakhawunti kaRemnick:
“Ngesidlo sangokuhlwa eSaxon, nangona kunjalo, uClinton akazange abonakale engumphefumlo ozingela yedwa. Wayeligorha elonwabileyo, uHubert Horatio Humphrey enxibe ilokhwe yanamhlanje, edlala. Wayedinga ukukhuthazwa okuncinci ukuba athethe yedwa kwiimvakalelo zokubulala kunye nohanahaniso lukaNewt Gingrich xa wayenguSomlomo weNdlu; "kwiyantlukwano ezibalulekileyo" kwi Irakh Phakathi UJoe Lieberman kunye nezinye iiDemokhrasi kwiNdlu yeeNgwevu (funda: uHillary); kwiingxaki zokwakha ithala leencwadi likaMongameli kunye neendleko zalo ezimangalisayo (i-165 yezigidi zeedola); kunye nengwenya wayibona kuhambo lwakhe lokugqibela ukuya Mzantsi Afrika ('Laa nkwenkwe yayibanzi ngamaphiko am, ndifunga kuThixo!')."
Malunga neshumi elinanye, uClinton wabhadula ngequbuliso waya kuthetha noDouw Steyn. Noko ke, emva kwesiqingatha seyure, wabuya, wathabatha ikofu emnyama, waza wathi, 'Ndifuna ukuhlala phantsi ndive ukuba nithetha ngantoni!' Wachola intambo ye-monologue yakhe, echaza ngokweenkcukacha ezimangalisayo ukuba kutheni URay Nagin uphethe uMitch Landrieu kugqatso lukasodolophu waseNew Orleans ('Ndiyayiqonda, kuba Ndiyazi ukuba abantu abamnyama bacinga njani '), eyakhokelela kwibali malunga nongathintelwanga (kwaye uvalelwe ngoku) owayesakuba yirhuluneli ye Louisiana Edwin Edwards, kwaye emva koko waya kwenye i-pol edla umhlala-phantsi, Boris Yeltsin. "
Umbuzo ocacileyo kuye nabani na othi bayayazi indlela "abantu" kwiqela elithile lobuhlanga okanye lobuhlanga "bacinga" "kuhle, gee, OBANI abamhlophe [okanye] amaTaliyane / amaJuda / amaLatinos / amaHungary / okanye abamnyama [njl.]?" Ngabazizityebi? Amahlwempu? Abashiyekileyo? Abalungileyo? Ngabantu abaselula? Ngabadala? Ngabafunda eKholejini? Abo bayeka isikolo samabanga aphakamileyo? Abasemaphandleni? Ezisedolophini? Ezidolophini? Izitabane? Ezithe tye? Izitabane zasezidolophini ezinezidanga zasekholejini zasekuhlaleni? Ezihluphekayo ezithe ngqo ezidolophini ezinerekhodi zolwaphulo-mthetho? Izityebi zasezidolophini ezinezidanga ze-Ivy League? "
Ngokwendalo akukho patheni enye yokucinga kunye noluvo lwezopolitiko kumnyama (okanye omhlophe okanye iLatino okanye iAsia) yaseMelika. Ngaloo ndlela UBill Cosby iintlantsi ezikhala intswahla yezandla kwabanye abantsundu kunye nokugxeka okukrakra kwabanye xa yena ugxeka intlupheko emnyama ngokuziphatha okubi kwaye (ucinga) inkcubeko embi yabampofu abamnyama, hayi amandla oluntu kunye nezakhiwo zengcinezelo yobuhlanga kunye/okanye yodidi.
Loluphi udidi lwabantu abamnyama baseMelika olumele ngokwenene kwaye lubonisa “indlela abantu abantsundu abacinga ngayo” malunga nentlupheko yabantsundu engalinganiyo – abona bangoohlohlesakhe ngokubanzi abathanda ukugxeka amahlwempu eghetto okanye abona bashiyekileyo abakhomba kwiimeko ezirhabaxa nezinobuhlanga ngokubanzi? Akunjalo, kuba akukho mzekelo omnye weengcamango ezimnyama kwisihloko. Akuzange kubekho kwaye akuyi kubakho.
Okanye thatha iimpendulo ezahlukeneyo endizifumana kubafundi abantsundu xa ndibhala inkcazo egxekayo ekhohlo malunga UBarack Obama's centrist ideology kunye nezopolitiko. Ndidla ngokufumana intaphane yee-imeyile ezivela kubantu abantsundu abazichongileyo baseMelika besithi (enyanisweni) oku kulandelayo: “unyanisile ngo-Obama. Uzibambele mathupha kakhulu kwaye ujongile kudidi oluphambili kunye noluhlu lobuhlanga. Yile nto bendiyicinga; enkosi kakhulu ngokunika iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo ngalo mbandela ubalulekileyo.” Ndikwafumana imiyalezo embalwa evela kwabantsundu abangoonqevu abandibhalela ukundityhola ngokuqalisa uhlaselo olunganyanzelekanga kumntu omnyama olilungisa “obeka ubomi bakhe esichengeni” kumzamo “wobugorha” wokuphakamisa uhlanga lwakhe nabantu baseMelika. Yeyiphi iseti yee-imeyile ezimele "indlela abantu abantsundu abacinga ngayo?"
Ulwahlulo olufanayo lwavela xa ndibhala amaqhekeza amabini abalulekileyo malunga Wal-Mart's umzamo ukusebenzisa ukuphelelwa lithemba kwezoqoqosho kweChicago ghetto emnyama kwi iphulo lenkampani ukungena kwi Chicago Ivenkile yentengiso. Abantsundu abasekhohlo nabaqhagamshelene nomsebenzi babhala bendibulela “ngokuthetha inyani” malunga Wal-Martizithembiso zobuxoki kwidolophu engaphakathi kunye nokuzimisela ukuxhaphaza abantu abamnyama. Amashishini amaninzi axhasa ushishino kunye “nepragmatic” abamnyama bandibhalela ukundigxeka ngokujongela phantsi okuyimfuneko kwaye (babebonakala becinga) iinzame ezinyanisekileyo zesigebenga sokuthengisa ukuvusa uphuhliso loqoqosho olwalufuneka ngamandla kwiindawo ezihlala abantu abamnyama abahlelelekileyo. Leliphi iqela labathumela i-imeyile elibonise “indlela abantu abantsundu abacinga ngayo?”
Okanye ujonge iindlela ezahlukeneyo abanye abantu abamnyama baseMelika ababonisa ngayo irekhodi likamongameli UBill Clinton. Kwincwadi yakhe yephulo lolondolozo I-Audacity of Hope (ENew York, ngo-2006), u-Obama ubiza uClinton "ngokubonakalayo inkqubela." Uyamncoma uClinton ngokubonisa ukuba "iimarike kunye nokuziphatha kwezemali" kunye "noxanduva lomntu [lufunekayo] ukulwa nentlupheko" (iphe. 34). Le yimiboniso enika umdla kumalinge abalulekileyo olawulo lukaClinton okwenza nzulu intlupheko yabantsundu ngokususa abantu abahluphekayo kwilungelo lokufumana uncedo lwemali kusapho lukawonke-wonke kunye nokuncitshiswa kwentsilelo kunye nenkcitho yasemkhosini kwiinkqubo zentlalontle. Njengabaninzi koohlohlesakhe abantsundu, u-Obama uthenga kwi (ndicinga) ingcamango yokuba abantu abamnyama baseMelika babenomhlobo INdlu yeNdlu xa uClinton wayengumongameli.
Umbhali omnyama u-Elaine Brown uthatha imbono eyahlukileyo kumongameli weClinton. Ngengxelo kaBrown kwincwadi yakhe emangalisayo Ukugwetywa kuka-Little B (Boston , 2002), uClinton wasungula uhlaselo olubi kuMelika omnyama ngetyala lakhe lolwaphulo-mthetho "lokuGwathwa okuThathu" kunye ne-ajenda yakhe ye-neoliberal ebanzi. UBrown wenza indelelo ekhethekileyo kumthetho kaClinton wenkqubo ekhohlakeleyo yentlalontle "eyayinqumle indlela yokuphila [yabantwana abantsundu kunye nabanye abantwana abahluphekayo] ekutyeni nakukhathalelo lwezonyango" ngelixa uClinton wayegcina "ixesha likarhulumente" isibonelelo siphila "kumashishini azizityebi kunye nawo. abaphathi.” Ngokwengxelo kaBrown, “uClinton akenzanga nto ukuphakamisa imeko yezoqoqosho yabantsundu nabanye abantu abangamahlwempu eMerika . Enyanisweni,” uBrown uthi, “ixesha likaClinton laliyingozi ngeendlela ezininzi kubantu abantsundu kunokuba kwakunjalo kwiminyaka kaReagan noBush” (Brown, The Condemnation, iphe. 182-183). UBrown ungqwabalala ngakumbi kubantu abamnyama baseMelika abazizityebi nabanempembelelo (Oprah Winfrey, uHenry Louis "Skip" Gates kunye noWilliam Julius Wilson, phakathi kwabanye) utyhola ngokushiya udidi oluphantsi lwabamnyama kunye nokuvumela ngokunzulu ukuhlaselwa kwexesha likaClinton.
Yeyiphi i-African-American ebonisa ngokuchanekileyo "indlela abantu abamnyama abacinga ngayo" - Obama okanye uBrown?
Impendulo, ngokuqinisekileyo, kukuba akukho ndlela enye yokuba "abantu abamnyama bacinga," njengokuba AKUKHO ndlela enye abamhlophe, amaYuda, amaLatinos okanye ama-Iraqi acinga ngayo. Bubuhlanga okanye ubuncinci ukucalula ukuba kukho indlela eyodwa yokuqonda ngaphakathi kulo naliphi na iqela lobuhlanga.
Amagqabantshintshi kaClinton kufuneka abonwe njengento ecaphukisayo. Ukuba yinyani kwaye ibhengezwe ngokubanzi, amagqabantshintshi amathathu aqikelelweyo abekwe ekuqaleni kwesi sincoko anokuthi athwale iindleko ezibalulekileyo zobudlelwane boluntu kwabo bawathethileyo. Ngawaphi amathuba okuba uClinton's ngokobuhlanga ngokubanzi malunga "abantu abamnyama"" inokuba yinto yehlazo? Ukunikezelwa kwexesha kunye nokulingana kwamandla obuhlanga emva kwamaLungelo oLuntu kunye neMelika ehlala imhlophe, loo mathuba Nangona kunjalo, uluvo lukaClinton olufuna ukwazi lufanele ukuqwalaselwa ngokunzulu kwisizwe esibanga ukuba sigqithise ubuhlanga kunye (ngaphezu kwako konke) ubuhlanga.