A Ingxelo ye-UN (.pdf) epapashwe kwiveki ephelileyo iqukumbela ngelithi udonga olwakhayo uSirayeli kwiBhanki yaseNtshona ehlaselweyo ludala โubunzima bejografi kunye nolawulo lolawulo.
kumakhulu amawaka amaPalestinaโ, โukuthintela kunye nokulibazisa amaPalestina ekufikeleleni kwiinkonzo ezibalulekileyo nakwiindawo zokusebenzaโ. Lonke uluntu luye lwatshatyalaliswa. Indawo exineneyo yaseJerusalem yase al-Ram ngumzekelo oqhelekileyo: okoko udonga oludityanisiweyo luyinqumle kuyo yonke iYerusalem isinye kwisithathu samashishini kwaye "inani elikhulu" labahlali bemkile, bajika indawo eyayifudula ichumile yaba "yidolophu yesiporho".
Kwiimeko ezininzi udonga yahlula abantu basePalestina kwiinkonzo ezibalulekileyo njengezibhedlele, izikolo kunye neendawo zokusebenza. Abalimi abanqwenela ukufikelela emasimini abo kufuneka bahambe ngenkqubo yolawulo oluntsokothileyo ukuze bafumane imvume โyokundwendwelaโ (akufuneki ukuba kuthiwe, oku akufuneki kubemi bama-Israel), kwaye nangona kunjalo bahlala bengavunyelwanga ukufikelela โkukhuselekoโ olungachazwanga imihlaba. Uphando lwe-UN oluqhutywe ekuqaleni kuka-2007 lufumene ukuba ngaphantsi kwe-20% yabo babekade besebenza kumhlaba ngoku obekwe yedwa phakathi kodonga kunye ne-Green Line banikwe iimvume. Inani leemvume ezinikezelwayo libonakala liyancipha ngokukhawuleza - ingxelo ye-UN ichaza idolophana yezolimo yaseJayyus, apho inani leemvume ezisemthethweni liye lancipha ukusuka kwi-603 kwi-2003 ukuya kwi-168 kwi-2008, ishiya ezinye iintsapho ze-350 zingenalo umnini-mvume omnye. Abantu abaninzi ababenikwe amaphepha-mvume ngaphambili bayaliwa ngoku, kwaye nangona amaphepha-mvume ayefudula esemthethweni kangangeminyaka emibini, ngoku kufuneka ahlaziywe rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu. Ezo migaqo-nkqubo zithetha ngokukodwa ngokubhekiselele kwiinjongo zikaSirayeli kwiWest Bank, kuba akukho ndlela yokuyithethelela ngezizathu zokhuseleko. Ekuphela kwesizathu esibambekayo uSirayeli anokuba naso sokunciphisa ngokuthe ngcembe ukufikelela kwamafama kumasimi abo kukuphembelela abantu basePalestina abahlala kwiindawo ezithile ukuba bahambe. Kwezinye iimeko iindlela ezisetyenziswayo azikhohlakali kangako, njengaxa kwaSirayeli wayidiliza yonke ilali yaseKhirbet Qassa kulo nyaka uphelileyo (isiphelo sokuba abahlali base-'Arab a-Ramadin al-Janubi bajonge cwangcisa ukwabelana), eshiya abantu abangaphezu kwe-200 bengenamakhaya, kodwa injongo iyafana: u-Israyeli uzimisele ukuthabatha umhlaba osentshona kwodonga, umlinganiselo we-10% ye-West Bank, kwaye amaPalestina ayenziwa ukuba aqonde ukuba ngoku yi-Israel. umhlaba apho zikuwo, eyona nto ingcono, โzindwendweโ.
Yinyaniso yokuba oorhulumente baya kuzama ukukhusela imigaqo-nkqubo ephikisanayo ngezizathu zokhuseleko, nokuba zithini na iinjongo zabo. Izizathu ezixeliweyo zikaSirayeli ngodonga azikho ngaphandle - sixelelwa ukuba udonga luyindlela yokhuseleko kuphela, magama womcebisi wangaphambili ku-Ariel Sharon Dov Weisglass, gcina "amadmen" asePalestina ngaphandle. Ngokwenyani, ukujonga ngokukhawuleza kwimephu kwenza kucace ukuba, njengoDror Etkes woXolo ngoku Ichaza, indlela yodonga "inqunywe ubukhulu becala bubukho kunye neemfuno zabahlali". Amnesty International, ichaza udonga โnjengokuhluthwa komhlaba โฆ olujolise ekwandiseni nasekuhlanganiseni iindawo zokuhlala zakwaSirayeli ezingekho mthethweniโ, ngokufanayo iphawula ukuba,
"Ucingo / udonga luyahamba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambelana kwendawo yokuhlala kwamaSirayeli kunye no-Israyeli kunye nokubandakanya iindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba wasePalestina ukuze kwandiswe iindawo zokuhlala kwixesha elizayo."
Ukuba oku kunjalo akuyomfihlo. Ingxelo ye-UN ikhankanya iimeko ezimbini apho urhulumente wase-Israel uye wavuma ngokucacileyo ukuba indlela yodonga yayinqunywe yindawo yokuhlala. Ngokuka-B'Tselem no-Bimkom, โeyona ngqwalasela iphambili ekumiseleni indlela yoMthintelo ojikeleze iZufinโ, indawo yokuhlala eyakhiwe kumhlaba welali yase-Jayyus yasePalestina, โyayikukushiya iindawo ezicwangciselwe ukwandiswa kwendawo yokuhlala kunye nendawo ekufutshane. indawo yemizi-mveliso kwicala 'lakwaSirayeli' lomqobo." Kwityala elalandelayo lenkundla urhulumente wavuma ukuba โizicwangciso zommandla wemizi-mveliso waseZufin ziye zathathelwa ingqalelo xa kucwangciswa indlela.โ Ngokufanayo, urhulumente wavuma ukuba isicwangciso somzila esihlaziyiweyo sodonga olujikeleze ukuhlala kwe-Ariel "sithathele ingqalelo isicwangciso esingavumelekanga sokwandisa i-Ariel ngasezantsi".
Kucacile, ngamanye amazwi, ukuba โumqobo wokhuselekoโ ubandakanya, kwaye ujonge ukubandakanya, "de facto umda" (.pdf). NjengoNoam Chomsky bonisa, bambalwa abantu ababenokulikhanyela ilungelo likaSirayeli lokwakha udonga lokukhusela abemi balo. Kodwa, wongeza,
โ[I] . . . icacile apho udonga olunjalo belunokwakhiwa khona ukuba ukhuseleko ibiyinkxalabo ekhokelayo: ngaphakathi kwa-Israel, ngaphakathi kumda owamkelwa ngamazwe ngamazwe, iGreen Line eyasekwa emva kwemfazwe ka-1948-49. Udonga ke ngoko lwalunokwalela njengoko abasemagunyeni bakhethayo: ukugadwa ngumkhosi kumacala omabini, kugrunjwe kakhulu, kungangeneki. Udonga olunjalo beluya kwandisa ukhuseleko, kwaye bekungayi kubakho luqhankqalazo lwamazwe ngamazwe okanye ukwaphulwa komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.โ
Udonga njengoko lukho ngokwenene, kwelinye icala, luyilwe ngokucacileyo ngenjongo enye engqondweni: ukongeza uninzi lweendawo zokuhlala kunye nomhlaba ochumileyo okwi-West Bank ukuya kwaSirayeli. Njengombutho wamalungelo oluntu akwaSirayeli uB'Tselem ubeka,
โukuba [uSirayeli] ufuna ukwakha umqobo obonakalayo phakathi kwayo neWest Bank, kufuneka yakhiwe ecaleni kweGreen Line okanye ngaphakathi kummandla wayo. Indlela yangoku ibingasekelwanga kuqwalaselo lokhuseleko, kodwa kukukhuthaza nokwandisa iindawo zokuhlala.โ
Ikomiti ekhethiweyo yeNdlu yeMicimbi yezaNgaphandle umbiko ngo-2004 ukuba indlela yesithintelo "itshabalalisa ukusebenza kwelizwe lasePalestina elizayo" (ingxelo ye-UN iphawula ngokufanayo, umzekelo, ukuba ukwakhiwa kodonga olujikeleze iMa'ale Adumim kuya "kuyahlula ngokwasemzimbeni iMpuma yeYerusalem kwezinye iindawo. West Bankโ) kwaye ixhasa izikrokro zokuba udonga lwakhiwa ukuze kudalwe โindlela yocalucalulo 'yamakhaya' amaPalestine asemva kocingoโ kwaye ngaloo ndlela ivumela uSirayeli ukuba โangene kuthethathethwano ngemephu eyotywe ngokutsha yeWest Bank echazwe njengelizwe. fait accompli.โ Ingxelo ye-UN iphinda icacise ukuba udonga luyinxalenye yomgaqo-nkqubo obanzi wakwaSirayeli wokwahlulahlula iWest Bank kuthotho lweenkampu zentolongo ezikwanti, zijikelezwe macala onke yimikhosi yakwaSirayeli kunye neendawo zokuhlala. Ecaleni kothungelwano lweendlela zokuvala kunye neendawo zokujonga uSirayeli uye wakha, njengoko IBhanki ye hlabathi ingxelo, "[ukukhusela] kunye [nokuphucula] ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo kwabahlali kunye nokwandiswa ngokomzimba kunye noqoqosho kwiindawo zokuhlala ngeendleko zabemi basePalestina", udonga "ludibanisa ukuqhekeka kweWest Bank ngokudala i-enclaves non-contiguous enclaves Uluntu lwasePalestine kunye nommandla ". Konke oku kuhambelana ngokupheleleyo izicwangciso zakwaSirayeli kudala, kutshanje kucetywayo kwiCamp David kwi-2000, kwi-colonization ye-West Bank. Yaliwe ngu-Arafat, u-Israel uye wahambisa uyilo lwakhe ngokuzimeleyo, ngokunyanzeliswa.
Ingxelo ye-UN yapapashwa ukuze ihambelane nesikhumbuzo sesine seNkundla kaJulayi ka-2004 yoBulungisa. lawula eyathi udonga, apho lwakhiwe kumhlaba wasePalestina, alukho mthethweni. INkundla igwebe ukuba "ukwakhiwa kodonga kunye nolawulo oluhambelana nalo kudala 'i-fait accompli' emhlabeni enokuthi ibe yesigxina", kwaye yalumkisa ukuba ukuba umzila ukhethiwe ukuququzelela ukwandiswa kweendawo zokuhlala kunye nezizathu zokhuseleko - njengoko. Kucacile ukuba kunjalo kwaye, eneneni, njengoko u-Israyeli evuma ngokuphandle - kuya kuba "kufana nokufakwa kwe-de facto". INkundla yacela ukuba udonga luchithwe kwaye imbuyekezo ihlawulwe kubantu basePalestina abachatshazelwa lulo.
Kwiminyaka emine ukuya phambili, uSirayeli akazange athobele naliphi na icandelo lesigwebo se-ICJ. Kanjalo, njengoko B'Tselem amanqaku, ayizange ihambelane neNkundla ePhakamileyo yase-Israel, eyatshitshisa amacandelo amathathu eludongeni ngenxa yokuba impembelelo yabo kubantu basePalestina "yayingenakulinganiswa". Nangona kunjalo, ayingoSirayeli kuphela owaphula umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kulo mba. I-ICJ yagweba ukuba iqela ngalinye kwiNgqungquthela yesine ye-Geneva inesibophelelo "sokuqinisekisa ukuba nayiphi na into ephazamisayo, ephuma ekwakhiweni kodonga, ekusebenziseni abantu basePalestina ilungelo labo lokuzikhethela liye laphela" kunye โnokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa nguSirayeli nomthetho wobuntu wamazwe ngamazweโ. Ngapha koko i-US iqhubekile nokuququzelela ubugebenga bakwa-Israeli kwaye kwi-2004 iguqule amashumi eminyaka yomgaqo-nkqubo osemthethweni ngokusebenzayo. ukuxhasa ukubekwa kukaSirayeli yeeblocs ezinkulu zokuhlaliswa, ngelixa iBritane, nanjengoko ibonile ukungabikho semthethweni kodonga, akenzanga nto kwisenzo sokuyichasa, isilela nokuthatha inyathelo elicetyiswa yikomiti ekhethiweyo yeCommons yokumisela imeko yorhwebo olukhethekileyo lukaSirayeli kunye ne-EU. ngokuhlonipha umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.
AmaPalestina ngenkalipho ukumelana nodonga kwiindawo ezifana noBil'in noNilin bajongene nokwenzakala, ukuthuthunjiswa nokufa kwiinzame zabo zokunyanzela uSirayeli ukuba athobele umthetho. Asijongani nanye kwezo zinto, nto leyo eyenza ukuba imbopheleleko yethu ibe mkhulu ngakumbi.
(Ukukhangela nzulu ngakumbi kwiziphumo zobuntu eludongeni, ezichazwe ngu Amnesty International njenge "devastat[ing]", "intlekele" kunye "nexesha elide", bona iposti yam Apha).
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela