Kwiminyaka engamashumi amane anesihlanu eyadlulayo uEF Schumacher wayengomnye weqela elaqala imagazini ebizwa ngokuba yiResurgence. Ngo-1973 wanikezela iintambo kuSatish Kumar. Ukuvuswa kwakhona kuthwele ilangatye leNcinci Lihle ukusukela ngoko. UStephen Lewis usanda kuthetha noSatish Kumar.
Emva phayaa ebutsheni beminyaka yee-1970, ukwaziwa ngempembelelo etshabalalisayo yoluntu kokusingqongileyo kwakungeyonto intsha ncam. Kwiminyaka elishumi ngaphambili, isazi ngebhayoloji saseMelika uRachel Carson wayepapashile Spring Spring; incwadi eyayinempembelelo enkulu kwintshukumo evelayo yokusingqongileyo. Abanye, njengesazi ngezoqoqosho uNicholas Georgescu-Roegen nesazi ngentlalo-ntle uMurray Bookchin, babesele besilumkisile ngentlekele ezayo yendalo.
Kodwa ezi yayiziintsuku ezingaphambi kokwethuka kweoli yokuqala. Iminyaka yoo-1960s yayilixesha apho umzabalazo wezopolitiko nowentlalontle wawugxile ekuzuzeni 'inkululeko yomntu' kwiConservatism eyathi gqi emva kwemfazwe, kuqhanqalazo oluchasene nemfazwe, kunye nokulwela amalungelo oluntu. Ngaphandle kweepokotho ezimbalwa ezikwanti kwakungekho nto ingako ithethwayo ngezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo, i-ikholoji, ukuncipha kobutyebi okanye ikamva lesijikelezi-langa.
Xa sijonga emva, mhlawumbi ngeqondo lokukhumbula amaxesha ekucingelwa ukuba alula, uninzi 'lweminyaka ethile' luya kukhumbula ifuthe elinzulu lemibhalo yengcali yezoqoqosho u-EF Schumacher ebenayo kubo. Isihloko sencwadi yakhe edumileyo, Umncinci Umhle, ngoku iyinxalenye yolwimi lwesiNgesi. Isetyenziswa kwaye isetyenziswa gwenxa rhoqo njengezicatshulwa ezithile zeBhayibhile, zikaShakespearean okanye zeChurchill. Umncinci Umhle โ ebiphethe isihlokwana esitsolileyo nesichukumisayo Uqoqosho ngokungathi abantu babalulekile -kokubini kukugxeka urhwebo oluxhaphakileyo nolungafanelekanga kunye nefilosofi yobomi. USchumacher wayengumKristu ozinikeleyo. Ngokwenene waphantse wayibiza incwadi yakhe UQoqosho lobuKristu, kodwa waqiqa ngelithi, 'Ngubani onokuthenga loo nto?' Nangona kunjalo waye waphenjelelwa kakhulu yiBuddhism kunye neengcinga zikaGandhian ngelixa wayesebenza eBurma. Ngaloo ndlela mhlawumbi wayeliqabane lomphefumlo wendalo kwi-Indian eselula eyafika e-UK kukhenketho lokufunda ngo-1971 - ngethemba lokuzisa umba wenkululeko ye-Bangladeshi kwindawo yoluntu. Loo mntu yayinguSatish Kumar.
UKumar wayeyimonki yamaJain kwaye wayengene kwisimilo sikaMahatma Gandhi sokuchasana nobundlobongela kwingcinezelo. Kwincopho yeMfazwe yoMlomo, ephenjelelwe sisithandi sobulumko saseBritane kunye netshantliziyo loxolo uBertrand Russell, uchithe iminyaka ehamba ehlabathini esisa umyalezo woXolo noXolelwaniso. Uhambo alubhale kwimbali yakhe Akukho ndawo yokuya.
Nangona babesele bedibene, kwaba kolu tyelelo apho uSchumacher wacela uKumar ukuba athathe isikhundla somhleli wemagazini ebizwa ngokuba Ukuvuselela โ awathi uSchumacher wayiseka ngo-1967. Ngamazwi akhe, uKumar 'wayethandabuza' ukwamkela isicelo: 'Ndandifuna ukubuyela e-India ukuze ndisebenze phakathi kwemibutho yaseGandhi.' USchumacher wamcinezela wathi: 'Kutheni uthandabuza nje? Kutheni ungahlali apha? Maninzi amaGandhi eIndiya; sifuna enye e-UK. Ncedani ekwakheni ibhulorho phakathi kweMpuma neNtshona!' Ngoko wahlala waza wathabatha njengomhleli we Ukuvuselela ngowe-1973. Usengumhleli wayo unanamhla. Umhleli wemagazini Guardian yakha yabizwa ngokuba 'yi-flagship yobugcisa kunye neyomoya ye-Green movement'. Uye waba negalelo ekusekweni kwe IKholeji yaseSchumacher, i Isikolo esincinci kunye nendlu yopapasho Iincwadi eziluhlaza.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba lungakanani na uhambo lwakhe olude, sisenokuba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wendlela owayesakuba yimonki yamaJain, ephuma kwisithethe apho nokunyathela isinambuzane kufanele kuphetshwe, wayenokuyifumana njani inguqulelo yokuphila ngokusisigxina eBritani ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1970. nzima. U-Kumar uyavuma ukuba ufumene ukufudukela eNtshona 'kungazinzisi ngokwenkcubeko', kunye 'nomothuko wenkcubeko'. Nangona, wongezelela ngelithi, 'Andizange ndikhe ndicalulwe ngokobuhlanga yaye ndafumana inkxaso eninzi kuyo yonke imigudu yam.'
INtshona awadibana nayo yaba:
Uluntu apho imali, imali kunye nezinto eziphathekayo zazinamandla ... yonke into yayilinganiswa ngokwenzuzo yezinto eziphathekayo; yonke into efunekayo ukuze ube semthethweni ngokwemali kwaye kufuneka ilinganiswe ngokwemali, nkqu imfundo kunye nempilo.
Kodwa, wongezelela ngelithi, 'Ndikhethe ukulinganisa izinto ngenye imilinganiselo.' Ziintoni ezi omnye ixabiso athetha ngalo, kwaye njani Ukuvuselela ukuzivakalisa? Eyokuqala, uyagxininisa, ivela kwimvelaphi yakhe yaseJain kunye neGandhian, kwaye iqulethwe 'kwithoni' ye Ukuvuselela. Uthi, yimagazini engenabundlobongela. Ayinabundlobongela kwiNdalo, ayinabundlobongela kwabanye kwaye ayinabundlobongela kumntu omnye:
Indlela esithetha ngayo izinto kwiResurgence ithambile kwaye ayinabundlobongela. Le yindlela eyahlukileyo kwezinye iimagazini ezinokuba ndlongondlongo, zigxeke kwaye zifundise. Kule nto siphuma phandle. Umoya kunye ne-ecology ngamacala amabini engqekembe enye. Indalo iyaphila kwaye kufuneka sibe nentlonipho kuyo nakubantu.
Ngoku abaninzi baya kuxoxa ngamandla ukuba nawuphi na umahluko phakathi kwe ukuthanda izinto eziphathekayo Intshona kunye a ngokomoya IMpuma ayiloncedo. Ngaphandle kwembali yamaBhuda, akukho bungqina bokuba oorhulumente baseMpuma okanye amashishini asebenza ngcono, okanye angaphantsi kwezinto eziphathekayo, kunabalingane babo baseNtshona. Iinqanawa zefektri yaseJapan ziyaqhubeka nokuxhela ngokungekho mthethweni iminenga e-Antarctic, ngokumasikizi zimele izenzo zazo zorhwebo zentengiso 'njengophando' olusemthethweni. I-Mitsubishi ithenga zonke izitokhwe ze-tuna ye-bluefin enokuthi ifumane izandla zayo-ukuyikhenkceza ilindele inzuzo enkulu xa sele iphelile kwaye ixabiso labo lidlula eluphahleni. AmaTshayina azama ukubanga kwaye asebenzise ubutyebi baseAfrika. Ngelixa eIndiya, inkqubo ekhohlakeleyo yokucalula ihleli ikhona. UKumar uyavuma, ngokuzisola, ukuba oku kuyinyani:
Oorhulumente namashishini aseIndiya afane kakhulu neNtshona. Ngoku zonke zimalunga ne-mammon kunye ne-GDP. Banikela umva uGandhi kunye noBuddha. Egameni lenkqubela phambili, uphuhliso, inzululwazi kunye neteknoloji, batshayela ezinye iinqobo phantsi kwekhaphethi.
Ucebisa ukuba lo mkhwa ngoku 'utshayela umhlaba wonke' kwaye awupheleli nje kwababizwa ngokuba yi-s0. I-BRIC amazwe: Brazil, Russia, India kunye China. Ngaphezu koko, luphawu lokuba 'singena entsha Kali Yuga -entsha Ubumnyama'
Kodwa ngoobani oonobangela bokungcoliswa komhlaba? Ngaba zezopolitiko nezoqoqosho? Okanye ngaba balala ngakumbi kwindawo yengqondo? U-Kumar uphendula ngaphandle kokungabaza ukuba bezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho: 'Abantwana baxhomekeke kwinkqubo yethu yemfundo, phakathi kweminyaka emihlanu kunye namashumi amabini eminyaka, ukukholelwa ukuba akukho nto ibalulekileyo ngaphandle kokufumana isidanga esihle kunye nokufumana umsebenzi ohlawulelwayo.' Abezopolitiko, iinkokeli zoshishino, umabonakude kunye nonomathotholo bonke bayasixelela, uthi, 'Bubudenge bezoqoqosho!' Kodwa xa sigrumba nzulu kancinci siya kufumana, utsho, abantu begxininisa ukuba 'ubuhlobo, uthando, ubudlelwane kunye neentsapho' - zonke izinto ezixabisekileyo zomoya - zibaluleke kakhulu:
Zonke izinto ezixabisekileyo zomoya zicinezelwe kwinkqubo yobukapitali. Abantu baziva bengenawo amandla, bengahoywanga kwaye bedangele. Baziva bengenawo amandla okutshintsha nantoni na, baziva befuna ukuzithoba kwinto abayixelelwayo kwaye, ngaphezu koko, bacinga ukuba "andikwazi ukuyibetha ngoko ke ndiya kuyijoyina".
Ukuvuselela ibona impendulo echanekileyo njengokudibanisa uthethathethwano lwezopolitiko kunye notshintsho kwingqondo. UKumar ucaphula uGandhi: 'Yiba yinguqu ofuna ukuyibona ehlabathini.' Kodwa intshukumo yezopolitiko ibalulekile. Ngaphandle kwayo, uKumar ugxininisa, 'sibalekela kwi-Eco-ghetto!' Ngokutsho kwakhe, akufuneki sinikezele ekuxhatshazweni, kufuneka sijongane nako. Ngoko yena kunye Ukuvuselela inkxaso isenzo ngqo, nokuba kumalungelo ezilwanyana okanye ukukhusela iminenga, ukubonelela kuphela ukuba non-ubundlobongela.
Lo mgaqo wobutshantliziyo obungenabundlobongela ubonakaliswa lukhetho lukaKumar lwamagorha akhe amathathu. Ezi zezi: 1) Umseki waseKenya we Intshukumo yebhanti eliluhlaza UWangari Maathai, 'owayengumntu wokuqala ukuphumelela iBhaso leNobel lokutyala imithi', 2) Umbhali waseCzech kunye nezopolitiko uVaclav Havel, 'owabonisa ukuba amandla okucinga kunye nokungabikho kobundlobongela kunamandla ngaphezu kwazo zonke izixhobo ezidityanisiweyo, kubandakanywa. izixhobo zenyukliya', kunye 3) Umkhankaseli waseBurma u-Aung San Suu Kyi, 'umoya wakhe nokomelela kwakhe kuyamangalisa'.
'Kuza kwenziwa ntoni?' kusengumbuzo obalulekileyo nanamhlanje. Kumar kunye Ukuvuselela kwakhona impendulo inamabini:
Okokuqala kufuneka sitshintshe ubume beziko loluntu ngokwamkela i-Small is Beautiful. Ubungxowankulu bube bukhulu kakhulu. Sinezixeko ezikhulu, izibhedlele ezikhulu, izikolo ezikhulu, iinkampani ezinkulu kunye neebhanki ezinkulu. Yonke into inkulu kakhulu; oku kujongela phantsi umoya womntu, intelekelelo yomntu kunye nobuchule bomntu ... ukuba sifuna iinqobo ezisemgangathweni zobuntu yonke into kufuneka ibe kwisikali somntu.
UKumar ukholelwa ukuba yena kunye Ukuvuselela ibe 'lilizwi elinye elixhasa le mbono iminyaka engamashumi amane anesihlanu!'
Nangona kunjalo sikwafuna utshintsho kwifilosofi malunga nobudlelwane bethu neNdalo. Abantu baye bakholelwa ukuba bongamile kuneNdalo - ukuba ikho ukuze isikhonze. Kodwa iNdalo inexabiso elingaphakathi โฆ sidinga ubudlelwane bokuthobelana hayi ukongamela.
Ke kuthekani ngekamva lempucuko yethu? Xa ebuzwa ukuba wayecinga ntoni ngeNkcubeko yaseNtshona, uGandhi waphendula ngokudumileyo wathi, 'Iya kuba yinto efanelekileyo.' UKumar naye ucinga ukuba 'asiphucukanga, besiziphatha kakubi, kwaye kufuneka sifunde ukuziphatha kunye nokuphila ngemvisiswano'. Nangona kunjalo asinakubuyela kwixesha langaphambi kwamashishini, yintelekelelo leyo, kunokuba kufuneka 'sidale ixesha lasemva kwamashishini; ixesha apho indalo, inzululwazi kunye neteknoloji zihambelana nomoya womntu'.
U-EF Schumacher wakha wathi: 'Egameni leMveliso yeSizwe yeGross, umntu wanamhlanje uya kubhenela kulo naliphi na iqondo lobundlobongela bezobuchwepheshe kunye nokuthotywa kwabantu.' Kwiminyaka engamashumi amane anesihlanu imagazini awayisungulayo, Ukuvuselela, uye wazama ukulwa nale meko. Kwanga ingaqhubeka isenjenjalo!
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