Luya kusebenza njani urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe phakathi naphakathi kweeparecons? Sisiphi isizathu esiya kuba se-parecon yesizwe, yithi, iBritish Columbia kunye ne-Alberta (edibeneyo), eya kuba nokuzimela malunga nayo yonke into, ukunika ioli kwiindawo zezolimo ngokuyintloko njengeSaskatchewan neManitoba?

Cinga ngemibutho emibini yeeparecon. Ngowuphi umahluko “wesalathiso” ofanelekileyo ukuba besinokuthelekisa? Ewe, malunga noqoqosho - kusenokubakho iiyantlukwano ezininzi ezingezizo ezoqoqosho, ewe - into yokuqala ekufuneka ijongwe inokuba ziindawo zemisebenzi ezilungelelanisiweyo kuluntu ngalunye. Ngaba enye iphakamile ngeempawu zayo kunenye? Into yesibini iya kuba yi-per-capita use bundle? Ngaba enye ibhetele kunomnye? Ekuvavanyeni oku, ngokuqinisekileyo, umntu kufuneka abandakanye ixesha elide labantu abasebenza.

Akukho kulungiswa kokuziphatha endinokucinga ngako kwilizwe elinye elineemeko ezingcono kunezinye, ngoko ke ndicinga ukuba isimo sengqondo se-parecon kule ndawo kukuba sibe namazinga otshintshiselwano, okuthi, ekuhambeni kwexesha, kube lula ukulingana. Zininzi iindlela zokubona urhwebo phakathi kwamazwe amabini anjalo, nangokuhambelana nesi siqhelo (esingalandelwa ngokukhawuleza okanye kancinci, njl. njl.)

Amazwe amabini e-parecon anokuthi, eneneni, aphathane njengeeyunithi ezinkulu kwiziko elinye elikhulu lezoqoqosho. Basenokuthi, ngenye indlela, bazimele kwaye barhwebe ngezinto ezixatyiswayo nokuba zelinye ilizwe, okanye kwelinye, okanye zimiselwe ngomgangatho othile ekuvunyelwene ngawo, okanye ngokwezinga lamazwe ngamazwe lotshintshiselwano, ngalo mba. Umgaqo usenokuba – ndiyawuthanda lo – wokuba urhwebo olunjalo lwenzeka kuqingqo-maxabiso lwelizwe elixabiso lalo livelisa iziphumo ezingcono kuqoqosho olungaphuhliswanga kangako. Umgaqo ofanayo unokubakho kurhwebo kunye nee-non-parecons. Ke, i-parecon irhweba ngamaxabiso otshintshiselwano lwamazwe ngamazwe ahambayo, okanye ngamaxabiso eqabane lorhwebo, okanye ngamaxabiso awo abonisayo, nokuba yeyiphi na inzuzo kuqoqosho lwe-nonparecon.

Ngaba kwakuya kubakho inkuthazo yesakhiwo ukuze le mimandla mibini imanyane, okanye ngaba iNtshona yayiza kujonga amathafa njengezigidi nje zabathengi abangakumbi abangenanto ingako yokongeza kumgangatho wokuphila waseNtshona?

Le yingxaki enye ye-parecon, ndiyacinga. Ukuba uzoba umda ojikeleze ummandla otyebileyo, uya kuba nengeniso ephezulu kunye nezakhiwo ezimangalisayo zemisebenzi. Ummandla ohluphekileyo uya kuba ngokuchaseneyo. ukuzibophelela ekulinganeni kweemeko zobomi kunye namathuba kufana nje, ukuzibophelela, hayi isinyanzelo solwakhiwo, nkqu ne-parecon. Akukho sistim endiyaziyo engayibambiyo le, nangona kunjalo. Mhlawumbi umntu unokuza nomnye. Andazi kwanto malunga neendawo ozikhankanyileyo, kwaye andinakukwazi ukubeka ingozi kwingqikelelo…

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Ngaphaya kobudlelwane obulula obuqatshelwe ngasentla, kwabo banomdla, sibandakanya apha ingxubusho enzulu yongxowankulu kunye nehlabathi...

 

Parecon kunye neGlobalization 

Amatshantliziyo ehlabathi achasene nomanyano lwehlabathi athanda ukuba novelwano kunye nobudlelwane behlabathi obunceda ngokulinganayo ukuqhubela phambili ulingano, umanyano, iyantlukwano, kunye nokuzilawula. Yenza ukulingana kwihlabathi jikelele hayi intlupheko. Umanyano lwehlabathi jikelele hayi ukubawa. Yenza iyantlukwano yehlabathi hayi ukuhambelana. Idemokhrasi yehlabathi jikelele hayi ukuthotyelwa. Uzinzo lwehlabathi jikelele hayi uburhalarhume. Kuphakama imibuzo emibini.

Ukwala ukudityaniswa kobungxowankulu 

Urhwebo lwangoku lwemarike yamazwe ngamazwe lunceda kakhulu abo bangena kutshintshiselwano sele benezona mpahla zininzi. Xa urhwebo lusenzeka phakathi kwe-US yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nequmrhu lasekuhlaleni eMexico, eNigeria, okanye eThailand, urhwebo aluboneleli ngenzuzo enkulu kwiqela elibuthathaka elinee-asethi ezimbalwa, kwaye izibonelelo azohlulwa ngokulinganayo. Endaweni yoko, izibonelelo zihamba ngokungafaniyo kubarhwebi abanamandla abathi ngaloo ndlela bandise ukongamela kwabo.

Iintetho zothungelwano zibekelwa bucala, ukuhamba kongxowankulu kwehlabathi kwemithombo yobutyebi, ii-asethi, iziphumo, imali eziinkozo, imali eyinkunzi, kunye nemveliso eyingozi ikakhulu ixhobisa abo sele benamandla kwaye iqhubela phambili ityebisa abo sele bezizityebi ngeendleko zababuthathaka nabangamahlwempu. Isiphumo sesokuba ekuqalekeni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye kwezona qoqosho zinkulu zili-100 ehlabathini, phantse isiqingatha esingengomazwe kodwa ngamaqumrhu abucala, afuna inzuzo.

Ngokufanayo, ukhuphiswano lwentengiso yezibonelelo, ingeniso, kunye nabaphulaphuli phantse isoloko ingumdlalo we-zero-sum. Umdlali ngamnye uqhubela phambili ngeendleko zabanye ukuze ukudityaniswa kwehlabathi kongxowankulu kukhuthaze ukuzicingela “ingqondo yam kuqala” eyenza ubutshaba kwaye itshabalalise umanyano phakathi kwabadlali. Oku kuguquguquka kwenzeka kubantu ngabanye ngokusebenzisa amashishini kunye namazwe. Iimpahla zikawonke-wonke ezixhamlayo ngokudibeneyo kunye nezentlalo ezifana neepaki, ukhathalelo lwempilo, imfundo, kunye neziseko zophuhliso loluntu zijongelwa phantsi ngelixa izinto zabucala ezonwatyelwa ngazo zibekwe phambili. Amashishini kunye nezizwe zongeza iingeniso zazo kwaye ngaxeshanye zibeka ilahleko eqatha kwiindawo zovoto ezibuthathaka. Intlalontle yoluntu ayikhokeli inkqubo kodwa endaweni yoko inikelwa egameni lengeniso yabucala. Ngokuchasene ne-capitalist globalization umanyano ulwa idabi elikhuselayo nokuba libekho, kuncinci ukongamela.

Ngaphezu koko, iinqobo zenkcubeko yoluntu zisasazwa ngokubanzi kuphela njengoko ii-megaphones zabo zivuma, kwaye okubi ngakumbi, zihlala zikhutshelwa ngaphandle luluntu olunee-megaphones ezinkulu ezibathintelayo. Ngoko ke umanyano lwehlabathi longxowankulu luwugxobha umgangatho ngobuninzi. Idala ukuhambelana kwenkcubeko hayi iyantlukwano ngokwenkcubeko. Ayipheleli nje iMcDonald's kunye ne-Starbucks yande, ngokunjalo nemifanekiso yaseHollywood kunye nezitayile zaseMadison Avenue. Abantu bomthonyama nabangarhwebi bayasokola. Iyantlukwano iyehla.

Ngaxeshanye, kuphela ngabaphezulu bezopolitiko kunye noshishino abahlala kwiiholo zokuthatha izigqibo zongxowankulu behlabathi jikelele. Ingcamango yokuba uluntu olubanzi lwabantu abasebenzayo, abathengi, amafama, amahlwempu, kunye nabahlutheneyo kufuneka babe nelizwi elilinganayo ithathwa njengento ehlekisayo. I-ajenda yongxowankulu behlabathi jikelele yeyokunciphisa ngokuthe ngqo impembelelo yoluntu luphela ukuze kuxhamle ulawulo lwamaqumrhu aseNtshona kunye nezopolitiko. Ukudityaniswa kongxowankulu behlabathi kunyanzelisa ulawulo hayi kuqoqosho kuphela, kodwa nakwezopolitiko apho lukhuthaza ubume borhulumente obungoozwilakhe. Inciphisa ngokuthe ngcembe inani labantu abanalo naliphi na ilizwi kuluntu lwabo, ngaphantsi kwezizwe, okanye iplanethi. Yaye njengoko abaxhasi bemali abakwikomkhulu leenkampani bekhulisa amagunya abo banezabelo, umhlaba ongaphantsi kweenyawo zethu uyagrunjwa, urhaxwe, uze ugayiwe kungekho ngqalelo kwizinto eziphilayo, indalo okanye uluntu. Inzuzo kunye namandla aqhuba zonke izibalo.

Lilonke, ukudityaniswa kongxowankulu behlabathi kuvelisa intlupheko, impilo enkenenkene, ubomi obufutshane obufutshane, ukuthotywa komgangatho wobomi, kunye nokuwohloka kwendalo. Amatsha ntliziyo anxamnye nehlabathi, abanokuthi ngokufanelekileyo babizwe ngokuba ngamatsha ntliziyo ehlabathi, bachasa ukudityaniswa kongxowankulu behlabathi ngokuthe ngqo kuba oko kugxobha ngokuqatha ukulingana, iyantlukwano, ubumbano, ukuzilawula, kunye nolungelelwaniso lwendalo oluyimfuneko kwihlabathi elingcono.

Ukuxhasa ubulungisa behlabathi 

Kodwa ukwala ukudityaniswa kongxowankulu akwanele. Zeziphi iindlela zotshintshiselwano lwehlabathi kunye namaziko anokuthi enze ngcono kunoko sikunyamezeleyo? Ngaba amatshantliziyo achasene nokudityaniswa kwehlabathi acebisa naziphi na ezinye iindlela ezinokusetyenziswa endaweni yeNgxowa-mali yeMali yaMazwe ngaMazwe (IMF), iBhanki yeHlabathi, neWorld Trade Organisation (WTO)?

I-International Monetary Fund kunye neBhanki yehlabathi zasekwa emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. I-IMF yayijonge ukulwa nokuphazamiseka kwezemali okuchaphazela kakubi abantu kwihlabathi jikelele. Isebenzise uthethathethwano kunye noxinzelelo lokuzinzisa iimali kunye nokunceda amazwe aphephe uqoqosho oluphazamisa amaqhinga emali. IBhanki yehlabathi, kwelinye icala, yadalelwa ukuququzelela utyalo-mali lwexesha elide kumazwe angaphuhliswanga kakuhle njengendlela yokwandisa nokomeleza uqoqosho lwawo. Ibikukuboleka imali enkulu yotyalo-mali ngenzala ephantsi ukuphelisa ukunqongophala komthamo wendawo. Phakathi kobudlelwane bemarike obukhoyo, ezi njongo zilinganiselweyo zazilungile. Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha, nangeminyaka yee-1980, la maziko atshintsha. Endaweni yokusebenza ukuququzelela amaxabiso otshintshiselwano oluzinzileyo kunye nokunceda amazwe azikhusele ekuguquguqukeni kwezemali, eyona nto iphambili ye-IMF yaba kukuthoba yonke imiqobo ekuqukuqeleni kwemali eyinkunzi kunye nokufuna ingeniso okungathintelwanga—okuchasene nesigunyaziso sayo. Kwaye ngokufanayo, endaweni yokuba lula utyalo-mali egameni loqoqosho lwengingqi ohluphekayo, iBhanki yeHlabathi yaba sisixhobo IMF, ukubonelela mboleko ukuvuza amazwe anikezela ukufikelela corporate evulekileyo ngelixa ebambe mboleko ukuba ukohlwaya abo abazange, kunye neeprojekthi zemali hayi nge. iliso ekwandiseni izibonelelo kwilizwe elifumanayo kodwa ekufuneni ingeniso kumashishini amakhulu ezizwe ngezizwe.

Umbutho woRhwebo weHlabathi owaqala ukuqulunqwa ekuqaleni kwexesha lasemva kwemfazwe waba kumashumi eminyaka kamva, phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1990. I-ajenda yayo yaba kukulawula lonke urhwebo egameni lezityebi nabanamandla. Imigaqo-nkqubo ye-IMF kunye neBhanki yeHlabathi yayisele inyanzelisa kumazwe eHlabathi leSithathu imivuzo ephantsi kunye nongcoliseko oluphezulu ngokunyanzela oorhulumente bawo ababuthathaka okanye abathengiweyo. Ukuqonda okutsha yayikukuba kutheni singafanele senze buthathaka oorhulumente kunye neearhente ezinokukhusela abasebenzi, abathengi, okanye okusingqongileyo, kungekuphela kwiHlabathi leSithathu, kodwa kuyo yonke indawo? Kutheni ungazisusi zonke iinzame zokunciphisa urhwebo ngenxa yomsebenzi ombi, indalo, intlalo, inkcubeko, okanye iziphumo zophuhliso, ushiya njengeyona nqobo isemthethweni yolawulo ukuba ingaba ingeniso yexeshana inokwenziwa na? Ukuba imithetho yelizwe okanye yengingqi ithintela urhwebo-uthi umthetho wokusingqongileyo, wezempilo, okanye wabasebenzi-kutheni ungabinayo iWTO enokuthi inike izigwebo zepro-corporate eziqikelelwayo kurhulumente wephondo kunye nabemi egameni lengeniso yenkampani?

Ibali elipheleleyo malunga nala maziko mathathu abalulekileyo kwihlabathi lide kunokuba kuchaziwe ngasentla, kunjalo, kodwa nangombono omfutshane kuphela, kulula ukucebisa uphuculo.

Okokuqala, kutheni ungatshintshi i-IMF, iBhanki yeHlabathi, kunye ne-WTO, ufake i-Arhente ye-Asethi yaMazwe ngaMazwe, i-Global Investment Assistance Agency, kunye ne-World Trade Agency? La maziko matsha mathathu aya kusebenza ukuze afumane ukulingana, ukumanyana, ukungafani, ukuzilawula, kunye nokulungelelana kwezendalo kwimali yezizwe ngezizwe, urhwebo, kunye notshintshiselwano lwenkcubeko. Baya kufuna ukwalathisa izibonelelo zorhwebo notyalo-mali ngokungafaniyo kumaqela abuthathaka nahlwempuzekileyo, kungekhona kulawo atyebileyo nanamandla ngakumbi. Baza kubeka phambili iinjongo zesizwe, ukuzazi ngokwenkcubeko, kunye nophuhliso olulinganayo ngaphezu korhwebo. Baya kukhusela imithetho yasekhaya, imigaqo, kunye nemimiselo eyenzelwe ukukhuthaza abasebenzi, abathengi, indalo, impilo, ukhuseleko, amalungelo abantu, ukhuseleko lwezilwanyana, okanye ezinye izinto ezingenzi nzuzo ngokuvuza abo bafikelela ezo njongo ngempumelelo. Babeya kuyiqhubela phambili idemokhrasi ngokwandisa ukhetho olukhoyo koorhulumente abalawulwa ngedemokhrasi kwaye babeke phantsi iminqweno yamazwe ngamazwe kunye noqoqosho olukhulu ukuze baphile, bakhule, kunye nokwahlukana kweeyunithi ezincinci.

Ngokukwanjalo la maziko matsha akanakukhuthaza urhwebo lwehlabathi ngelahleko yophuhliso loqoqosho lwasekuhlaleni yaye akanakunyanzela amazwe eHlabathi leSithathu ukuba avule iimarike zawo kumazwe ngamazwe azizityebi aze alahle iinzame zokukhusela imizi-mveliso esanda kuzalwa yasekhaya. Endaweni yokuthoba impilo yamazwe ngamazwe, imo yendalo esingqongileyo, kunye neminye imigangatho ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba “yimvisiswano ehlayo,” baya kusebenzela ukunyusa umgangatho “ngokulinganisa phezulu.” Amaziko amatsha akanakukhawulela amandla karhulumente okusebenzisa iidola zokuthenga amalungelo oluntu, okusingqongileyo, amalungelo abasebenzi, kunye nezinye iinjongo ezingezizo ezorhwebo, kodwa ayakucebisa kwaye aququzelele ukwenza oko kanye. Baza kumela amazwe ukuba aphathe iimveliso ngokwahlukileyo ukuba zenziwe ngokuqeshwa kwabantwana ngenkohlakalo, ngabasebenzi abasesichengeni setyhefu, okanye kungakhathalelwanga ukukhuselwa kwezilwanyana.

Endaweni yokuba abagcini bebhanki kunye nabalawuli baqhube imigaqo-nkqubo yomongameli ukuba bachaphazele ubomi babantu abaninzi ngaphandle kokuzenzisa ekuthatheni inxaxheba kwabo bachaphazelekileyo, amaziko amatsha aya kuba sekuhleni, athathe inxaxheba, kwaye asezantsi phezulu, kunye nendawo, edumileyo, yedemokhrasi. uxanduva. Baza kukhuthaza kwaye baququzelele intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe ukuze bathintele iinkampani zehlabathi ezingalawulekiyo, imali eyinkunzi, kunye neemarike ngokuzilawula ukuze abantu ekuhlaleni bakwazi ukulawula ubomi babo. Ziya kukhuthaza urhwebo olunciphisa ukungazinzi kwezemali, olwandise idemokhrasi kuwo onke amanqanaba ukusuka ekuhlaleni ukuya kwihlabathi jikelele, olutyebisa amalungelo oluntu kubo bonke abantu, lukhuthaze uzinzo lwemekobume kwihlabathi jikelele, kwaye luququzelele ukuqhubela phambili koqoqosho lwawona maqela acinezelweyo naxhatshaziweyo.

Amaziko amatsha aya kukhuthaza amazwe amakhulu amashishini ukuba alungelelanise imigaqo-nkqubo yawo yezoqoqosho, amazinga otshintshiselwano lwemali, kunye nokuhamba kwemali eyinkunzi yexeshana elifutshane kumdla woluntu hayi ukwenza inzuzo yabucala. Baza kuseka imigangatho yokulawula amaziko emali, esalathisa ukutshintshwa kwemithombo yemali ukusuka ekufuneni inzuzo eqikelelwayo ukuya kuphuhliso olunemveliso noluzinzileyo. Baza kuseka iirhafu kwiintengiselwano zemali ukunciphisa ukuzinzisa ukuhamba kwemali kwexesha elifutshane elinqumla imida kunye nokubonelela ngemali kutyalo-mali kwixesha elide lokusingqongileyo kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo loluntu kwiindawo ezihluphekileyo kunye namazwe. Baza kudala iimali zotyalo-mali zikawonke-wonke ukuze zihlangabezane neemfuno zabantu nezendalo kunye nokuqinisekisa imfuno eyaneleyo yehlabathi ngokusasaza imali kutyalo-mali oluzinzileyo lwexesha elide.

La maziko matsha akwaza kusebenzela ukuba amazwe atyebileyo acime amatyala amazwe ahlwempuzekileyo aze adale indlela yokutshona esisigxina yokulungisa amatyala amazwe anamatyala amaninzi. Baza kusebenzisa amaziko olawulo ukunceda ukuseka ulawulo lukawonke-wonke kumaqumrhu ehlabathi kunye nokunciphisa ukuphepheka kwenkampani kumthetho wasekhaya, welizwe, nowesizwe.

Ukongeza, ngaphaya kokulahla i-IMF, iBhanki yeHlabathi, kunye ne-WTO kwaye endaweni yazo kufakwe amacandelo amatsha kunye ahlukeneyo, amatsha ntliziyo achasene nomanyano lwamazwe ngamazwe akhuthaza ukuqondwa ukuba ubudlelwane bezizwe ngezizwe akufuneki busuke kumbindi kodwa kumaziko asezantsi ukuya phezulu. . Amaziko amatsha kufuneka azuze intembeko namandla awo kuluhlu lwamalungiselelo kunye namaqhina amiselwe kwinqanaba labemi, ubumelwane, amazwe, izizwe, kunye namaqela ezizwe aphumle kuzo. Kwaye la maqumrhu asezantsi kakhulu kunye namaqumrhu engxoxo-mpikiswano kunye nokusetwa kwe-ajenda kufuneka kwakhona kube sobala, ukuthatha inxaxheba, kwaye kukhokelwe ngumyalelo obeka phambili ukulingana, ubumbano, ukungafani, ukuzilawula, kunye nokuzinza kunye nokulinganisela kwendalo.

Ingcamango iyonke ilula. Ingxaki asibobudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe ngomntu ngamnye. Amatsha ntliziyo achasene nongxowankulu bamazwe ngamazwe abaguqukiyo. Ingxaki yeyokuba ukudityaniswa kongxowankulu behlabathi kuzama ukutshintsha utshintshiselwano lwamazwe ngamazwe ukuze kuxhamle ngakumbi izityebi nabanamandla ngeendleko zamahlwempu nababuthathaka. Ngokuchaseneyo, abantu bamazwe ngamazwe bafuna ukutshintsha utshintshiselwano lwamazwe ngamazwe ukwenza buthathaka izityebi nabanamandla kwaye baxhobise amahlwempu nababuthathaka. Kuzwelonke sifuna ubulungisa behlabathi hayi ukudityaniswa kongxowankulu. Kodwa sifuna ntoni kumazwe ethu? Kulapho ikhonkco phakathi kweentshukumo ezichasene nobungxowankulu behlabathi jikelele ezibaluleke kakhulu kunye nayo yonke le ncwadi ivela.

I-Anti-Capitalist Globalization kunye ne-Economic Vision 

Nokuba amatsha ntliziyo ehlabathi afuna amanye amaziko oqoqosho lwehlabathi njengangentla apha, ingxaki yombono iyaqhubeka. Ulwakhiwo lwamazwe ngamazwe ngokuqinisekileyo lubeka imiqobo engqongqo kukhetho lwasekhaya. Kwangaxeshanye, nangona kunjalo, ubudlelwane behlabathi buphenjelelwa ziingcinezelo ezivela kuqoqosho lwangaphakathi nakumaziko. I-IMF, iBhanki yeHlabathi, kunye ne-WTO zinyanzelisa iimarike zamazwe kunye nezahlulo zeshishini lezabasebenzi. Kodwa ngokunjalo iimakethi zasekhaya kunye neenkampani kwihlabathi jikelele zikhuthaza urhwebo lwehlabathi longxowankulu.

Xa amatsha ntliziyo enikezela ngombono wokusebenzela abantu kunye nokuphucula idemokhrasi kumazwe ngamazwe sikhuthaza ukuba kwakhiwe i-Arhente ye-Asethi yaMazwe ngaMazwe elunge kakhulu, i-Global Investment Assistance Agency, kunye ne-Global Trade Agency phezu koqoqosho olubi kakhulu lwangaphakathi esilunyamezeleyo ngoku. Masithi siphumelele iinzuzo ezifunwayo. Iinkampani ezizingisayo kunye nezizwe ngezizwe kwilizwe ngalinye azinakwandisa kwaye zinyanzelise amaqumrhu amatsha ezizwe ngezizwe, kodwa endaweni yoko ziya kusoloko zikhupha uxinzelelo lokubuyisela ubudlelwane behlabathi kwiindlela ezikhohlakeleyo. Kwinqanaba elibonakalayo abantu bayayiqonda le nto. Xa abantu abaqhelekileyo bebuza kumatsha ntliziyo anxamnye nehlabathi “Nifuna ntoni?”, abasibuzi kuphela ukuba yintoni na esiyifunayo kumazwe ngamazwe. Kwakhona bayazibuza ukuba sifuna ntoni ekhaya. Yintoni esiyifunayo ngaphakathi kumazwe anokwandisa iinzuzo zamazwe ngamazwe esizifunayo kwaye zenze ukuba silwele ngaphezu kokuthumela okungenamsebenzi?

Ukuba sinongxowankulu, abantu abaninzi baqiqa ngokufanelekileyo, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kubakho uxinzelelo olukhulu olubhekiselele kumanyano lwehlabathi lobungxowankulu kunye nokuchasa ubungxowankulu bamazwe ngamazwe. I-IAA, i-GIAA, i-GTA, kunye nomanyano olungakumbi lwasekhaya kunye nezakhiwo zivakala zilungile, kodwa nokuba imigudu emikhulu ibeke endaweni, ngaba uqoqosho lwasekhaya kwihlabathi liphela aluluhlehlisi oluzuzileyo? Umbuzo ufanelekile.

Ukudityaniswa kongxowankulu behlabathi ziimarike, iinkampani, kunye nolwakhiwo lweklasi lubhalwe lukhulu. Ukuthatha indawo yorhwebo lwehlabathi longxowankulu kwaye hayi nje ukunciphisa okwexeshana iziphumo zako okanye ukumisa ukwandiswa kwayo, akunyanzelekanga ukuba sijonge ekuthatheni indawo yobukhapitali? Ukuba iinzame zokuphucula ubudlelwane behlabathi ngokudala amaziko amatsha olawulo lwezizwe ngezizwe esiwacebisayo zisiphelo ngokwazo, ngaba aziyi kubuyela umva? Ukuzingisa, akunyanzelekanga ukuba babe yinxalenye yeprojekthi enkulu yokuguqula izakhiwo ezisisiseko zongxowankulu? Ukuba asinambono wale projekthi inkulu, ukuba asinikezeli ngenye indlela kwiimarike nakumashishini, ngaba iinzuzo zethu aziyi kuba zethutyana?

 Ngoko ke, abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba, kutheni le nto kufuneka sisebenzise amandla ethu kunye nexesha lethu kwimizabalazo oyiphakamisayo xa sikholelwa ukuba nokuba siphumelele ngempumelelo zonke iinzuzo ozifunayo, ekuhambeni kwexesha ezo nzuzo ziya kucinywa ngamandla ongxowankulu abuyayo? Uhlala usixelela ukuba bunamandla kwaye bubandakanya ubungxowankulu. Siyakukholelwa. Ukuba iinzame oziphakamisayo azikhokeleli kuqoqosho olutsha ngokupheleleyo, ziya kuthi ekugqibeleni zibuyiselwe kuko konke ukubola okudala okufanayo. Alilifanelanga ixesha lam lokufuna iinzuzo eziya kuguqulwa.

Olu vavanyo lukhuthazwa yinkolelo yokusabela ukuba “ayikho enye indlela.” Ukulwa le nkolelo amatsha-ntliziyo achasene nomanyano lwehlabathi kufuneka anganikeli nje enye indlela malunga noqoqosho lwehlabathi, kodwa nenye indlela ephathelele kuqoqosho lwangaphakathi. Abantu kufuneka bazive ngathi ukusebenzisa amandla abo ekudityaneni kwezizwe ngezizwe kweshishini elichasayo akusayi kuba nefuthe elikhawulezileyo lexesha elifutshane, kodwa baya kuphumelela ngokusisigxina. Ngoko ke yintoni ekufuneka ithathe indawo yobukhapitali?

Ukushwankathela uQoqosho lweNxaxheba 

I-capitalism ijikeleza kubunini babucala beendlela zokuvelisa, ulwabiwo lwemalike, kunye nezahlulo zeshishini lezabasebenzi. Ihlawula impahla, amandla, yaye, ngomkhamo olinganiselweyo, igalelo kwimveliso, nto leyo ephumela kumahluko omkhulu kubutyebi nakwingeniso. Ulwahlulo lweeklasi luvela kumahluko kubunini bepropati kunye nokufikelela okwahlukileyo kumsebenzi oxhotyisiweyo ngokuchasene nomsebenzi ophantsi. Ulwahlulo lweeklasi lubangela umahluko omkhulu kwimpembelelo yokwenza izigqibo kunye nomgangatho wobomi. Abathengi kunye nabathengisi boboya omnye komnye kwaye uluntu lutsala nzima notyalo-mali oluchasene noluntu, ubuntu obunetyhefu, kunye nokubola kwendalo.

Ukoyisa ubungxowankulu, abalweli bobungxowankulu abagxile kwi-parecon-oriented anti-globalization banganikela ngombono weziko osuselwe kumaxabiso afanayo esiwadwelise ngaphambili ukubumba ezinye iinjongo zehlabathi: ulingano, ubumbano, iyantlukwano, ukuzilawula, kunye nolungelelwaniso lwendalo.

Amatsha ntliziyo anjalo angabongoza ukuba indawo nganye yokusebenza ibe yeyabo bonke abemi ngokulinganayo ukuze ubunini bungabi namalungelo akhethekileyo okanye inzuzo yomvuzo. UBill Gates akanakuba nenxalenye enkulu yeendlela ezenziwa ngayo isoftware. Sonke siya kuba ngabanini ngokulinganayo, ukuze ubunini bungabi nanxaxheba ekwabelweni kwengeniso, ubutyebi, okanye amandla. Ngale ndlela ububi bokufumana ubutyebi ngengeniso bebuya kuphela.

Okulandelayo, uxoxa ummeli wamazwe ngamazwe, abasebenzi kunye nabathengi baya kuphuhlisa kwaye baveze iminqweno yabo ngokusebenzisa amabhunga edemokhrasi kunye nesiqhelo sezigqibo zokuba iindlela zokusasaza ulwazi kunye nokufika kunye nokuhlanganisa ukhetho kwizigqibo kufuneka zidluliselwe kwiqela ngalinye elibandakanyekayo, kangangoko kunokwenzeka. , impembelelo kwizigqibo ngokomlinganiselo aya kuchaphazeleka ngayo zizo. Amabhunga aya kuba sisithuthi samandla okwenza izigqibo kwaye aya kubakho kumanqanaba amaninzi, kubandakanywa amaqela amancinci okusebenza, amaqela, kunye nabantu ngabanye, kunye neendawo zokusebenza ezibanzi kunye namashishini apheleleyo, kunye nabathengi ngabanye, iindawo zokuhlala, iingingqi kunye nezinkulu. Iivoti zinokuba ngumgaqo wesininzi, iikota ezintathu, isibini kwisithathu, ukuvumelana, njl. njl. kwaye ziya kuthatyathwa kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba abambalwa okanye ngaphezulu kunye nemithetho yokuvota ngokuxhomekeke kwiziphumo ezithile zezigqibo ekuthethwa ngazo. Ngamanye amaxesha iqela okanye umntu ebenokwenza isigqibo. Ngamanye amaxesha indawo yonke yokusebenza, ishishini, ummelwane, okanye idolophu iya kuthatha isigqibo. Izigqibo ezahlukeneyo ziya kusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvota kunye nokubala. Bekungayi kubakho ukhetho oluchanekileyo, oluneenkcukacha, kodwa kuya kubakho ummiselo welungelo lokuphumeza: igalelo lokwenza izigqibo ngokomlinganiselo njengoko umntu achatshazelwa zizigqibo.

Okulandelayo kuza ulungelelwaniso lomsebenzi. Ngubani owenza yeyiphi imisebenzi kweziphi iindibaniselwano?

Umdlali ngamnye wenza umsebenzi wakhe, kwaye umsebenzi ngamnye ngokuqinisekileyo ubandakanya imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Ekwaleni ulwahlulo lwangoku lwabasebenzi, sithatha isigqibo sokulungelelanisa ukuxhotyiswa kwabo kunye nomgangatho wobomi ochaphazela imisebenzi eyenziwa ngumlingisi ngamnye. Wonke umntu othatha inxaxheba ekudaleni iimveliso ezitsha ungumsebenzi, kwaye umsebenzi ngamnye unomsebenzi olungeleleneyo, okuthetha ukuba indibaniselwano yemisebenzi kunye noxanduva lomsebenzi ngamnye analo luya kubanika ukuxhotyiswa okufanayo kunye nomgangatho wobomi benzuzo njengendibaniselwano wonke omnye umsebenzi enayo. Ngokungafaniyo nenkqubo yangoku, besingayi kuba nokwahlukana phakathi kwabo bangongamelayo imisebenzi yokuxhobisa, ezalisekisayo nebandakanyayo kunye nabo baxakeke kakhulu yimisebenzi yengcinga, ethobelayo neyingozi. Ngenxa yezizathu zolingano kwaye ngokukodwa ukudala iimeko zokuthatha inxaxheba kwedemokhrasi kunye nokuzilawula, izakhiwo zemisebenzi ezilungeleleneyo ziya kuqinisekisa ukuba xa ngamnye wethu ethatha inxaxheba kwindawo yethu yokusebenza kunye nokwenza izigqibo kwishishini, siye salungiselelwa ngokuthelekiswa nomsebenzi wethu ngokuzithemba, ngezakhono, nolwazi lokwenza oko. Imeko echaseneyo ngoku yeyokuba abanye abantu banokuzithemba okukhulu, izakhono zokuthatha izigqibo, kunye nolwazi olufanelekileyo abalufumana ngomsebenzi wabo wemihla ngemihla, ngelixa abanye abantu bediniwe, baphelelwe yizakhono, kwaye bengenalo ulwazi olufanelekileyo ngenxa yeziphumo zabo. Izakhiwo zemisebenzi ezilungeleleneyo ziyaliphelisa eli candelo. Bagqibezela umsebenzi wokususa iyantlukwano yodidi eqalwa ngokususa ubunini babucala bemali. Baphelisa, oko kukuthi, hayi indima yongxowankulu kuphela ngamandla abo angalinganiyo kunye nobutyebi, kodwa kunye nendima yesigqibo somlimi olawulayo onikwa iwonga ngaphezu kwabo bonke abanye. Izakhiwo zemisebenzi ezilungeleleneyo zigcina imisebenzi efunekayo yengqiqo kunye nolungelelwaniso kunye nobuchule, kodwa zahlulahlulwe ezi ukuvelisa idemokhrasi yokwenyani kunye nokungabi naklasi.

Kodwa kuthekani ngomvuzo? Siyasebenza. Oku ngokuqinisekileyo kusinika ilungelo kwisabelo kwimveliso yomsebenzi. Kodwa yimalini?

I-pareconist internationalist ithi kufuneka sifumane umvuzo wokusebenza kwethu ngokungqinelana nendlela esisebenze nzima ngayo, ixesha elide kangakanani sisebenze, kunye nokuba kukhulu kangakanani ukuzincama esikwenzileyo emsebenzini wethu. Akufunekanga sifumane okungakumbi ngenxa yokuba sisebenzisa izixhobo ezivelisa ngakumbi, sinezakhono ezingakumbi, okanye sinetalente enkulu esazalwa nayo, singasathethi ke ngokuba sinamandla angakumbi okanye sinezinto ezininzi. Sifanele sifumane okungakumbi kuphela ngenxa yomgudu esiye sawusebenzisa okanye umlinganiselo esiye sazincama ngawo kumsebenzi wethu oluncedo. Oku kufanelekile ngokokuziphatha, yaye kukwanikela inkuthazo efanelekileyo ngokuvuza kuphela oko sinokukuchaphazela kungekhona oko singaphaya kwamandla ethu.

Ngezakhiwo zemisebenzi ezilungeleleneyo, ukuba u-Emma no-Edward basebenza iiyure ezisibhozo ngesantya esifanayo, baya kufumana umvuzo ofanayo. Oku kunjalo kungakhathaliseki ukuba uyintoni na umsebenzi wabo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba zeziphi iindawo abasebenza kuzo kwaye yahluke kangakanani na imisebenzi exubeneyo, nokuba banesiphiwo esingakanani na, kuba ukuba basebenza kumsebenzi olungeleleneyo oxananazileyo umthwalo wabo uphelele uya kuba. iyafana kumgangatho weziphumo zobomi kunye neziphumo zokuxhobisa. Umahluko kuphela wokuvuza abantu abenza imisebenzi elungeleleneyo iya kuba bubude kunye nobukhulu bomsebenzi owenziweyo. Ukuba nazo ziyalingana, isabelo sesiphumo esifunyenweyo siyalingana. Ukuba ubude bexesha lokusebenza okanye ubungakanani bomsebenzi bohluka ngandlel’ ithile, kuya kuba njalo nesabelo semveliso umntu asifumanayo.

Kwaye ngubani owenza izigqibo malunga nenkcazo yezakhiwo zemisebenzi kwaye ngubani ovavanya iireyithi kunye nobunzulu bomsebenzi wabantu? Abasebenzi, ngokuqinisekileyo, kumabhunga abo, basebenzisa ulwazi olufunyenwe ngeendlela ezihambelana nentanda-bulumko yezakhiwo zemisebenzi elungeleleneyo kunye nomvuzo ofanelekileyo, kwaye kwimeko ephenjelelwa ngokufanelekileyo yintando kunye neminqweno yabathengi.

Kukho inyathelo elinye elikhulu kakhulu elishiyekileyo kwisindululo se-pareconist internationalist senye indlela yongxowankulu. Ziqhagamshelwe njani izenzo zabasebenzi kunye nabathengi? Siyifumana njani itotali eveliswa ziindawo zokusebenza ukuze ihambelane netotali esetyenzisiweyo ngokudibeneyo ngabahlali kunye namanye amaqela kunye nabucala ngabantu? Kulo mba, yintoni emisela ixabiso elinxulumeneyo leemveliso ezahlukeneyo kunye nokukhetha? Sithatha isigqibo njani sokuba bangaphi abasebenzi abazakuba kweliphi ishishini elivelisa kangakanani? Yintoni ephembelela ukuba imveliso ethile ifanele ukwenziwa okanye hayi? Yintoni ekhokela utyalo-mali kwitekhnoloji entsha ephembelela ukuba zeziphi iiprojekthi ekufuneka zenziwe kwaye ezinye zilibazisekile okanye zaliwe? Le mibuzo neminye emininzi kakhulu ukuba singayikhankanya kule intshayelelo (kodwa ekuthethwe ngayo kamva kule ncwadi) yonke yimiba yokwabiwa.

Iinketho ezikhoyo zolwabiwo lucwangciso olusembindini njengoko lusetyenziswa kwiSoviet Union yakudala kunye neemarike ezikhuphisanayo njengoko zisetyenziswa kulo lonke uqoqosho longxowankulu. Kwisicwangciso esisembindini i-bureaucracy ikhupha ulwazi, iqulunqe imiyalelo, ithumele le miyalelo kubasebenzi nakubathengi, ifumana ingxelo, iphucula imiyalelo kancinane, iyithumele kwakhona, kwaye iphinda ifumane intobelo. Kwimarike umdlali ngamnye uthenga kwaye athengise ngokukhuphisanayo iimveliso, izixhobo zokusebenza, kunye nokukwazi ukwenza umsebenzi ngamaxabiso amiselwe ngokukhuphisana kwebhidi. Umdlali ngamnye ufuna ukufumana ngaphezulu kunabo batshintshiselana nabo.

Ingxaki kwindlela nganye yezi ndlela zokudibanisa abadlali kukuba banyanzelisa uxinzelelo lwezoqoqosho olubhukuqa ubumbano, ukulingana, ukungafani, kunye nokuzilawula.

Umzekelo, nangaphandle kobunini bemali eyinkunzi, iimarike zithanda izinto zabucala kunezibonelelo zoluntu kunye nobuntu bejelo kwiindlela ezichasene noluntu ezinciphisa kwaye zitshabalalise ubumbano. Bavuza imveliso kunye namandla, hayi umgudu kunye nokuzincama. Bavelisa udidi oluphuthileyo olunentloko, abasebenzi abathobelayo kunye nodidi oluxhotyisiweyo olufumana umvuzo omninzi kwaye lumisela iziphumo zoqoqosho. Banyanzela abenzi bezigqibo ukuba bangahoyi ngokhuphiswano iziphumo ezibanzi zezinto eziphilayo neendawo abahlala kuzo kukhetho lwabo. Ukucwangcisa okuphakathi, ngokuchaseneyo, ukukhanyela ukuzilawula kwaye kuvelisa ulwahlulo lweklasi efanayo kunye noluhlu lweemarike kodwa endaweni yoko lwakhiwe malunga nokwahlula phakathi kwabacwangcisi kunye nabo baphumeza izicwangciso zabo, ukusuka kweso siseko ukuya ngaphandle ukubandakanya abasebenzi abaxhotyisiweyo nabangenawo amandla ngokubanzi.

Ngokufutshane, zombini ezi nkqubo zolwabiwo ziyabhukuqa endaweni yokuqhubela phambili amaxabiso esiwaxabisayo. Ke yeyiphi enye indlela yethu kwiimarike kunye nocwangciso oluphakathi?

Masithi endaweni yesicwangciso esiphakathi esisezantsi kunye notshintshiselwano lwemarike, sikhetha ukusebenzisana, ukwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi ngokusebenzisa izakhiwo eziqinisekisa ukuba abadlali bayathetha kwizigqibo ngokomlinganiselo njengoko iziphumo zibachaphazelayo kwaye zibonelela ngokufikelela kumaxabiso achanekileyo kunye noqeqesho olufanelekileyo. kunye nokuzithemba ekuphuhliseni nasekunxibelelaneni izinto ezikhethwayo—oko kukuthi, sikhethe ulwabiwo olukhuthaza ukuzilawula okujoliswe kwibhunga, umvuzo wemigudu nokuzincama, ulungelelwaniso lwezakhiwo zemisebenzi, ukuxatyiswa okufanelekileyo kweempembelelo ezidityanelweyo nezendalo, kunye nokungabi naklasi.

Kule njongo, ngoko ke, sikhuthaza ukucwangciswa kokuthatha inxaxheba-inkqubo apho abasebenzi kunye namabhunga abathengi baphakamisa imisebenzi yabo yomsebenzi kunye nokukhethwa kwabathengi ngokubhekiselele kumaxabiso okwenene eenzuzo ezipheleleyo zentlalo kunye neendleko zokukhetha kwabo.

Inkqubo isebenzisa unxibelelwano lwentsebenziswano yezinto ezikhethwayo ezichazwe ngokufanayo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokunxibelelana kunye nokulungelelanisa imigaqo kunye neendlela ezibandakanya, njengoko siza kubona kwizahluko ezizayo, amaxabiso abonisayo, iibhodi eziququzelelayo, kunye nemijikelo yokulala kulwazi olutsha-bonke abavumela abadlali ukuba bavakalise iminqweno kunye nokulamla kunye nokusulungekiswa kwabo malunga nengxelo ukufikelela kukhetho oluhambelana neenqobo zabo.

I-pareconist yamazwe ngamazwe ikwimeko yokuphendula "Ufuna ntoni?" ngokufutshane nangokunyanzeliswayo, kwintetho evuselela umdla njengalapha ngasentla, okanye, ngokuqinisekileyo, ngokweenkcukacha ezithe kratya, ecacisa ingqiqo yamabango, etyebisa umfanekiso wobudlelwane bobomi bemihla ngemihla, nokuchasa iinkxalabo ezinokwenzeka—njengakuyo yonke le ncwadi.

Isishwankathelo sesokuba indawo yokusebenzela kunye namabhunga abathengi, iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokwenza izigqibo eziphumeza intetho elinganayo kwabo bachaphazelekayo, iindawo zemisebenzi ezilungelelanisiweyo, umvuzo wemigudu nokuzincama, kunye nokucwangciswa kwentatho-nxaxheba, xa zidibene zenza isikafula esingundoqo seziko lelinye elibanzi kwi-capitalism kunye nakwizicwangciso eziphambili okanye ukuthengisa usoshiyali.

Impendulo yokugqibela kwibango elithi "akukho ndlela yimbi" kukumisela enye indlela. Ngexesha elifutshane, nangona kunjalo, impendulo kukubonelela ngombono ohambelanayo, ongaguqukiyo, osebenzayo, wezoqoqosho okwaziyo ukuvelisa ithemba, ukunika inkuthazo, ukutyhila into enokwenzeka kunye nexabiso, kwaye silungelelanise kwaye senze izicwangciso zethu zedemokhrasi ukuze zisise apho umnqweno wokuhamba kunokubaleka ujikeleze okanye ujonge kwinto embi kunaleyo siyinyamezeleyo ngoku. Kodwa ngaba iinjongo zombono weparecon zimiliselwe kwizenzo ezenziwa kwihlabathi liphela, okanye kulwakhiwo lwengqondo kuphela?

I-Parecon kunye ne-Visionary Practice 

Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje iintshukumo ezinkulu ezixhasa ulangazelelo olufanayo ziyasokola kwihlabathi jikelele ukuphucula ubomi babantu abahluthwayo nabaxhatshaziweyo kwihlabathi jikelele. Ezinye zinyanzeliswa ngabaphezulu ukuba batshintshe ngokunenzuzo amaziko asele ekhona. Ezinye iinzame zifuna ukudala amaziko amatsha ukuze "aphile kwixesha elizayo ngoku." Ezinye iinzame zincinci kwaye zasekuhlaleni. Ezinye zibandakanya yonke imimandla yejografi. Ukuba sijonga kukhetho lwezenzo zombono, sinokubona iinkalo ezininzi ezikhokelele kwingqiqo enikelwe kule ncwadi. I-Parecon ayidadadi esithubeni, oko kukuthi, kodwa ivela kwiminqweno kunye nokuqonda koluhlu olukhulu lweenzame zamatshantliziyo. Nantsi imizekelo embalwa.

Ngokwembali phantse yonke imizekelo yabantu abasebenzayo kunye nabathengi bade bafikelele ngokufutshane ulawulo olukhulu kwiimeko zabo ibandakanywe kuzo zombini iindawo nakwiindawo zokusebenza amaziko ombutho othe ngqo kunye nedemokhrasi. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba ngamabhunga okanye iindibano, kwaye zinikwe namanye amagama. Uphawu lwabo oluqhelekileyo, nangona kunjalo, belubonelela ngesithuthi esithe ngqo ukuze abantu baphuhlise, basulungekise, baveze kwaye baphumeze ii-ajenda zobuqu nezidibeneyo. Zombini impumelelo yeenzame ezinjalo, kunye nenyaniso engenakuphikiswa yokuba ziye zatshatyalaliswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngamandla achaseneyo, amafutha kunye nokwazisa ukukhuthaza kwethu indawo yokusebenza kunye namabhunga abathengi kwi-parecon kunye neenzame zethu zokufumana imeko apho amabhunga anjalo anokuthi aphumelele kunokuba abe. ibhuqiwe.

Kuyo yonke imbali yomzabalazo wokulwa nokungekho sikweni kuye kwakho ingqwalasela enkulu kwimiba yolingano ngokukodwa kwingcinga yokuba abantu bafanele ukonwabela amathuba obomi ngendlela enobulungisa nefanelekileyo. Kuya kufuneka sikwazi ukufumana imali encinci okanye encinci ngokhetho lwethu, kunjalo, kodwa hayi ngezizathu ezingafanelekanga. Ngamaxesha okunyuka kunye nokuzimela njengaseSpain ngexesha lokuzabalaza kwe-Anarchist yaseSpain apho, okanye ngaphambili kwi-Commune yaseParis, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha amaninzi kunye nogwayimbo olukhulu lwesizwe eNtshona ukuya kwiintshukumo zenkululeko eMpuma naseMzantsi, abafuna ubulungisa bezoqoqosho baye baqonda ukuba kukho into embi kakhulu ephosakeleyo ngokuvuza abo banandipha umsebenzi owanelisayo ngakumbi kwaye banelizwi elingakumbi kubomi bentlalontle kunabo benza umsebenzi othe kratya kunye nowonakalisayo kwaye bangenalizwi elincinci kubomi bentlalontle. Ukubaluleka kweParecon ukuhlawula kuphela iinzame kunye nokuzincama kuvela kule minqweno kwaye kubanika eyona nto ichanekileyo ngakumbi kunokuba bebeyonwabele ngaphambili.

Kodwa kuthekani ngemizekelo yangoku? Ngaba i-parecon iqhagamshelwe kwiinzame zangoku zophononongo kunye neenguqulelo ezintsha zoqoqosho?

Qwalasela imifuniselo edityanelweyo yeendawo zokusebenza kwihlabathi jikelele, kubandakanywa intsebenziswano, izityalo zabasebenzi, kunye neendawo zokusebenza ezidityanisiweyo. Abasebenzi bafumana ulawulo kwimizi-mveliso yabo, mhlawumbi bazithenge endaweni yokuba oongxowankulu bavale zonke, okanye mhlawumbi baqalise amashishini amatsha kwasekuqaleni. Abasebenzi abatsha bazama ukubandakanya idemokhrasi. Bazama ukucacisa ngokutsha ukwahlulwa kwabasebenzi. Bafuna umahluko omncinci womvuzo. Kodwa imeko yentengiso abasebenza kuyo yenza konke oku kube nzima kakhulu. Ngamava abo obunzima obunjalo, iinzame zabasebenzi kunye nabathengi ekudaleni amashishini alawulwa ngabasebenzi kunye nee-co-ops zabathengi zibonelela ngamava abanzi afanelekileyo kwinkcazo ye-parecon. Ayiphelelanga nje kwimpumelelo yentsebenziswano, kodwa nobunzima bazo—obufana notyekelo lwenkcazelo yemisebenzi yesitayile esidala ukuphinda kuhlaziywe ukwahluka komvuzo owandayo kunye notyekelo lweendlela zokuziphatha ezinyanzeliswe yimarike ukubhukuqa iinjongo zentsebenziswano kunye neenqobo ezisemgangathweni—zifundisa izifundo ezibalulekileyo. Ngenene, kumava am, inzame yokuyila indlu yopapasho emandla i-South End Press kunye nokubandakanya ulingano kunye nokuzilawula ngokwengqiqo yayo kunye nokuziqhelanisa ngamandla nokwazisa uninzi lweembono ezithi kunye zichaze uqoqosho lwentatho-nxaxheba, ngakumbi umbono kunye nokusebenza kolungelelwaniso. iindawo zemisebenzi. Ngokufanayo, inani lemifuniselo eqhubekayo yangoku ekuphumezeni izakhiwo ze-parecon ziyaqhubeka nokwazisa umbono kunye neempawu zayo ezahlukeneyo.

Ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, qwalasela intshukumo yoko kubizwa ngokuba “kumanyano lwezoqoqosho” oluye lwaxhasa iindawo ezininzi zoMzantsi Merika (ngakumbi eBrazil), eYurophu nakwezinye iindawo. Ingcinga echazayo yeyokuba ubudlelwane bezoqoqosho kufuneka bukhuthaze ubumbano phakathi kwabathabathi-nxaxheba kunokuba kubangele ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba basebenze ngokuchasene neminqweno yomnye. Akufuneki nje ukuba ubomi bezoqoqosho bungabahluli kwaye buchase abantu, akufuneki nokuba bungathathi hlangothi kweli nqaku kodwa kufuneka buvelise ubunye novelwano. Abameli bomanyano lwezoqoqosho ke ngoko balandela iimbono zolawulo lwabasebenzi basekuhlaleni kunye notshintshiselwano lolwabiwo becinga ngalo mmiselo. I-Parecon ithatha ingqiqo yayo yokuba amaziko kufuneka aqhubele phambili iinqobo ezisemgangathweni esizixabisileyo kwaye ziyandise kwezinye iindlela. Sifuna uqoqosho lwentsebenziswano ngendlela efanayo njengoko benzayo abameli balo. Kodwa sifuna ukwahluka kwezoqoqosho, uqoqosho olulingano, kunye noqoqosho oluzilawulayo. Ngokwenene sifuna uqoqosho olunye oluzalisekisa yonke le minqweno ngaxeshanye. I-Parecon ke ngoko ivela, ihlonipha, kwaye ifuna ukubonelela ngemilinganiselo eyongezelelweyo kuqoqosho lobumbano.

Okanye qwalasela iinzame, kwiminyaka ethile emva, eOstreliya yeemanyano zabasebenzi ukuphembelela kungekuphela nje iimeko kunye nomvuzo wobomi bomsebenzi wamalungu azo, kodwa noko abantu bakuvelisayo. Baye baphuhlisa ingcamango ethi "Green Bans" eyayiziimeko apho abasebenzi kurhwebo lokwakha babeza kuvalela iiprojekthi ezithile ezicetywayo ngenxa yokuba babengafanelekanga ngokwentlalo okanye kokusingqongileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha bebengapheleli nje ekuthinteleni iinzame ezicetywayo ongxowankulu abafuna ukuzenza, kodwa baya kwenza iiprojekthi ezizezinye zoyilo lwabo ezijoliswe ukuphatha okusingqongileyo kunye nabantu ngokufanelekileyo. La mava ngokuqinisekileyo abonisa kwangaphambili kwaye azisa imimiselo ye-parecon yokuthatha isigqibo ngomsebenzi kunye nokwabelwa kwayo amandla kwiindawo zovoto ezichaphazelekayo. I-Parecon yandisa ingqiqo ye-Green Bans yase-Australia ibe ngumbono opheleleyo wezoqoqosho kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi bezoqoqosho.

Okanye qwalasela iinzame zasePorto Alegre nakwezinye izixeko zaseBrazil naseKerala nakweminye imimandla yaseIndiya ukubandakanya izinto ezithatha inxaxheba kwidemokhrasi kwizigqibo zohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwezixeko kunye nemimandla. Ewe, eBrazil le projekthi ibizwa ngokuba "kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali oluthatha inxaxheba" kwaye imbono kukuseka iindlela zombutho othe ngqo wasekhaya apho abemi banokuchaphazela izigqibo malunga notyalo-mali oluhlangeneyo malunga neenkonzo zikarhulumente ezifana neepaki, imfundo, izithuthi zikawonke-wonke kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo. Isicwangciso sokuthatha inxaxheba seParecon sineminqweno kunye nefuthe elifanayo, kodwa sibhala esikhulu, asibandakanyi kuphela iimpahla zoluntu kodwa zonke iimpahla, kunye nokuququzelela inxaxheba elinganayo ngabathengi, kodwa nangabasebenzi.

Enyanisweni, kuyo yonke imizekelo ekhankanywe ngasentla kunye neminye emininzi, abaxhasi bezoqoqosho oluthatha inxaxheba banokulindelwa, xa beququzelelwe kwiintshukumo ezinkulu ngokwaneleyo, ukuba baqhubele phambili imizabalazo efanayo-umahluko kuphela yindlela abakwa-pareconists abaza kuchaza ngayo izenzo zabo njengenxalenye ye inkqubo ekhokelela kuqoqosho olutsha ngokupheleleyo abaza kulikhuthaza, kwaye mhlawumbi baya kuzama njani ukudala iziseko ezitsha kunye nokuqonda ngokukhuthaza iinjongo zangoku nje kuphela, kodwa ngokuxhobisa abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba baphumelele iinzuzo ezingakumbi kwindlela ekhokelela kuyo yonke indlela esuka kwi-capitalism. kwi-parecon. Iinzame zolawulo lwabasebenzi be-Pareconist ziyakufuna ukufumana inzuzo yolwabiwo, kunye necandelo elitsha labasebenzi. Iinzame ze-Pareconist zokusungula "uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali oluthatha inxaxheba" ziya kufuna ngokunjalo ukujongana nemimiselo yemivuzo kunye nokwabiwa kwemisebenzi kunye nokukhuthaza intatho-nxaxheba kungekuphela nje kuluntu malunga nempahla yoluntu, kodwa nakwiindawo zokusebenza ngokubhekiselele kuzo zonke iimpahla. Imibutho yePareconist kunye namabhunga abasebenzi aya kufuna ukuchaphazela kungekuphela nje iimeko kunye neemeko zemisebenzi yamalungu, kodwa kunye nokufaneleka kweeprojekthi ezenziweyo, kwaye ngokufanayo angazama ukudibanisa neentshukumo zabathengi kunye nokusasaza iinzame kumacandelo karhulumente kunye nokuziphatha kwabathengi.

Ngamanye amazwi, umbono wothatho-nxaxheba kwezoqoqosho ovezwa kwizahluko ezizayo awuphumi nje kuphela kwaye uhambelana nemizabalazo yangaphambili neyangoku yokuphucula ubomi bangoku babantu ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ukwabonelela ngeenqobo ezisemgangathweni kunye nengqiqo ukudibanisa zonke ezi nzame kunye nokwandisa nganye. ihambelana neminqweno yayo kodwa kunye nengqiqo kunye neminqweno yabanye ngaphaya.

Kwaye kuthekani ngeForam yeNtlalo yeHlabathi entsha kwaye ethembisa kakhulu? Nantsi indibaniselwano ephawulekayo yeentshukumo, iindawo zovoto, amatshantliziyo, kunye neeprojekthi ezivela kwihlabathi liphela ezidityaniswe sisimo sengqondo esivulelekileyo nesilingo, ukuzibophelela ekuthatheni inxaxheba, iimvakalelo zokuhloniphana, nokunikela ingqalelo kwiyantlukwano nedemokhrasi, bonke bebhiyozela uluvo lokuba “ elinye ihlabathi linokwenzeka. " Ngowama-2002, ekuveleni kwalo okwesibini, abantu abamalunga nama-50,000 2003 baye baqalisa ukuvakalisa iinkalo elinokuba nazo elo hlabathi lilunge ngakumbi. Ezona mvakalelo zazikwabelwana ngazo yayikukukhatywa kweemarike kunye nenkxaso yokuzilawula, ukugatywa kweyantlukwano enkulu kwingeniso kunye nenkxaso yobulungisa, ukugatywa kwe-homogenizing yorhwebo kunye nenkxaso yeyantlukwano, ukwala ukuzigwagwisa kobukhosi kunye nenkxaso yobumbano, kunye nokugatya ukonakala kwendalo. kunye nenkxaso yozinzo. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo i-WSF XNUMX iya kube iyithathile le ajenda amanyathelo amaninzi ngakumbi ngelixa le ncwadi ivela. Kwaye njenge-WSF, i-parecon inegalelo lemibono yezoqoqosho ngethemba lokuba iinjongo zezopolitiko, ezenkcubeko, ezalanayo, zehlabathi, nezendalo ziya kungqineka zihambelana kwaye zixhasana.

Uthatho-nxaxheba lwezoqoqosho lubonelela ngengqiqo entsha yezoqoqosho kuquka amaziko amatsha anemigaqo emitsha ekhokelayo kunye neziphumo. Kodwa i-parecon ikwakukukhula okuthe ngqo kunye nendalo kumakhulu eminyaka yomzabalazo wobulungisa bezoqoqosho kunye nemizamo yangoku kunye nobulumko kunye nezifundo zabo. Yiyiphi i-parecon enokuba negalelo kweli lifa kunye ne-activism yanamhlanje iya kutyhilwa, ngenye indlela okanye enye, kwiminyaka ezayo.

Ungeniso Olulandelayo: Imfundo?