Umthombo: Ukugquma

IManhattan, eNew York, eMelika-nge-5 ka-Epreli, ngo-2020: Indoda yokuhambisa ibhayisekile ikhwele kwindlela ye-6 ngexesha lobhubhani we-coronavirus. Inqwelwana yebhayisekile isetyenziselwa ukuhambisa iipakethe zeAmazon

Ngolu suku lukaMeyi, indibaniselwano ebanzi yabasebenzi abavela kwiifemu kwicandelo lezothutho ukusuka eAmazon naseWalmart ukuya kwi-Instacart kunye ne-Wholefoods. ukwenza uhambo lokuhamba ngobuninzi. Bavuka ngoSuku lwaBasebenzi baMazwe ngaMazwe ukuze bafune ukuphuculwa kwempilo kunye nokhuseleko emsebenzini phakathi kwengxaki ye-coronavirus, apho bahlala bexhonywe ukuze bome ngabaqeshi kunye namazwe.

Ukusasazeka okumanyumnyezi kwe-COVID-19 kushiye iinkalo ezimbalwa kuqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye nobomi bentlalo bungakhange buchaphazeleke. Ubhubhane usinyanzele ukuba sijonge izinto zakudala zobomi ngendlela entsha, apho umahluko ocacileyo phakathi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zabasebenzi uye wabonakala ngokucacileyo.

Ngelixa abambalwa abanelungelo lokuhlala ngaphandle kwengxaki besebenza ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka ukusuka ekhaya, abaninzi ngakumbi baye babona iiyure zabo zincitshiswa okanye zicuthwa ngabaqeshi abalumkileyo, okanye banyanzelwa ukuba basebenze phantsi kweemeko eziyingozi ukuze bafumane umvuzo omncinci ngenxa yokuba umsebenzi wabo uthathwe “ubalulekile” eluntwini. Benomthwalo ogqithisileyo kwaye bengakhuselekanga, uninzi lwabo bathe baqhubeka nokusebenza ngexesha lo bhubhani baye bakuphakamisa ngokuqinileyo ukubaluleka kwesenzo sabasebenzi.

Njengoko i-COVID-19 isenza indlela yayo kwihlabathi jikelele- rhoqo kwiindlela zelizwe jikelele zorhwebo - amaza ogwayimbo kunye nentshukumo ethe ngqo ilandele emva kwayo. Ezibhedlele eHong Kong kwiivenkile ezinkulu eBelgium, izidubedube zabasebenzi eziveliswe yintlekele ye-coronavirus zishukumise phantse onke amacandelo oqoqosho lwehlabathi, ngakumbi amashishini abonwa eyimfuneko ngexesha lo bhubhani. Kwiimeko ezininzi oku kuye kwanceda ukugatya uluvo lukawonke-wonke ngokuphathelele ukuxabiseka kwemisebenzi ebikade igatyaniswa “njengesiphelo esifileyo” okanye esingabalulekanga. Uluntu lusenokucotha ukubona abaphathi bezentengiso bethatha inyanga okanye ezimbini isaphulelo, kodwa kunzima ukuphikisa ngokuchasene nendlela esixhomekeke ngayo kumsebenzi wabo bagcina iivenkile zethu zegrosari, balungise ukutya kwethu, bakhathalele abo sibathandayo kwaye bagcine izixeko zethu. icocekile. Kwaye asinakwenza ngaphandle komsebenzi ofihliweyo rhoqo wabo bavelisa, bethula kwaye bahambise iimpahla esithembele kuzo.

Nangona abasebenzi abaphambili befumene inkxaso yoluntu kunye nombulelo ngeenzame zabo ekuthiwa "zobugorha" ebusweni be-COVID-19, umsebenzi wabo obalulekileyo awufane ubonakale kwimivuzo yabo. Ngelixa abanye abaqeshi kunye noorhulumente bephumeze izibonelelo zokuhlawula kunye neebhonasi zengozi yongxamiseko, ukonyuka kokuqondwa kunye nomvuzo ngexesha lo bhubhani akunikwanga.

IJamani ingenisa Ngama-80,000 abasebenzi basezifama baseRomania ngamaxesha athile ukukhetha i-asparagus kwiimeko ezinzima ngaphandle kwezithintelo zokuhamba ze-COVID-19. Ngelixa ukwimeko eyoyikekayo, ukuba iqaqambe engothusiyo yolawulo olugwenxa longxowankulu, i-US injalo ukuncwina ukuthoba imivuzo yabasebenzi basezifama abafudukayo ukukhuthaza imveliso ngaxeshanye etshabalalisa izigidi zeeponti lokutya okonakalayo. Ngelo xesha, iibhanki zokutya zigcwele imigca edepressingly long. Kwaye iimeko zokusebenza ezikhuselekileyo zikude nokuqinisekiswa ngenxa a Ukunqongophala kwehlabathi yezixhobo zokuzikhusela.

Iingxwabangxwaba zemizabalazo yabasebenzi ezibonisa indlela yazo ngenkqubo yezoqoqosho esele igxininisekile yenza okungakumbi kunokuqaqambisa nje ukuba yeyiphi imisebenzi ebaluleke ngokwenene eluntwini okanye ukubaluleka kokhuseleko emsebenzini. Akukho ndawo ibonakala ngakumbi kunecandelo lezinto zokusebenza, apho ingxaki ye-coronavirus isenze sixhomekeke ngakumbi kunangaphambili ekuhanjisweni okugudileyo nokukhuselekileyo kweempahla ezibalulekileyo. Akumangalisi ke ngoko ukuba inani eliphezulu kangaka logwayimbo liye lavela kweli candelo. Oku kugxininiswa kwe-COVID-19 emsebenzini kuqaqambisa indlela elibaluleke ngayo eli candelo.

Nangona yakhelwe phezu koxhatshazo, ukunyuka kwe-capitalism ye-global supply chain kuxhobise abasebenzi kwiindlela ezininzi kwiindawo eziphambili zokubonelela. Uxinzelelo olucwangcisiweyo lwengxaki ye-coronavirus iphose amandla abasebenzi ukuba babeke uxinzelelo kungekuphela nje kubaphathi babo, okanye kumazwe, kodwa kuqoqosho luphela, kwisiqabu esikhulu.

Oku, kunye nokwanda kwamathuba omanyano lwehlabathi lonke phakathi kwabasebenzi ababonelelwa luqoqosho lwanamhlanje lwehlabathi, kukhomba kwinto enokwenzeka yenguqu yokwenene yokusebenza kwehlabathi jikelele. Ngoku, kunanini na ngaphambili, lixesha lokuxhaphaza iindawo ezibuthathaka eziqaqambileyo kubungxowankulu behlabathi.

IAmazonization yoqoqosho

Umothuko wenkqubo yehlabathi jikelele yengxaki ye-coronavirus kusenokwenzeka ukuba yenzeka kuphela kwinqanaba kunye nesantya eyenze ngayo ngenxa yoko uguqulo lolungiselelo eyaqala ngeminyaka yoo-1970 kwaye yayilutshintsho olucacileyo kuqoqosho lwehlabathi lwasemva kwemfazwe. Yahlengahlengisa indlela isithuba sezoqoqosho esasiqondwa kwaye sisetyenziswe ngayo phantsi kongxowankulu. Endaweni yokubona imveliso kunye nokuhanjiswa njengamaqumrhu ahlukeneyo, iifemu ezinkulu zaqala ukujonga uphuhliso kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo enye, ebanzi yoyilo, imveliso, indawo yokugcina impahla, ukuthengisa, ukuhanjiswa kunye nokujikeleziswa kwempahla kunye nendlela yokwandisa inzuzo ngaphakathi kwale nkqubo iyonke. . Ugqaliselo lutshintshile ukusuka kwiindawo zokusasaza kunye nemveliso ukuya kwikhonkco lonikezelo lonke.

Uguqulo lolungiselelo lwalulinge lokulungisa impikiswano eqhubekayo kubungxowankulu: izikhewu phakathi konikezelo kunye nemfuno ekholisa ukukhokelela kwimveliso egqithisileyo kunye neengxaki zemali ezihlala zihambelana. Injongo yayo yayikukunxibelelanisa unikezelo kunye nemfuno kunye nokuphelisa ingxabano phakathi kwezi zimbini.

Ikhonkco lokubonelela liqondwa njengenkqubo enye ekufuneka iqhubeleka ngokuqhubekayo ngamaxesha onke. Olu gxininiso olutsha lokubonelela kunye nolawulo lwezothutho, kunye nezinto ezintsha kwizothutho kunye neteknoloji yonxibelelwano, iye yatshintsha imveliso ukusuka kuzwelonke ukuya kwinqanaba lehlabathi. Ikwavumela iindlela ezintsha zokuguquguquka, "ngqo ngexesha” imveliso (JIT), efuna ukuba kuphela isixa esichanekileyo seemveliso ezenziweyo njengoko kufuneka ukuthintela ukuvelisa ngokugqithisileyo okanye inkunzi efileyo yokuhlala ingenzi nto kwiindawo zokugcina iimpahla.

Konke oku kuye kwavusa ihlabathi uhlanga ukuya ezantsi, njengoko ukuguquguquka kwimveliso kuvumela inkunzi ukuba ihlale ifuna izibuko elilandelayo lokufowunela izixhobo ezingabizi kakhulu okanye abasebenzi. Oku kwenziwa rhoqo ngothungelwano olubanzi lweekontraka eziphantsi kunye neefemu ezingamahlakani. Umsebenzi awunzima nje; abantu abasebenzayo nabo bajongene kumgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe phantsi koloyiko lokubhabha.

Esinye isiphumo esingundoqo sokutshintshela kwi-JIT ibe kukuphinda kufakwe ibhalansi yamandla kwimveliso kude nabavelisi ukuya kubathengisi, njengoko iimpahla ngoku ziveliswa ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba abathengisi banokuyalela ngokuthe ngqo ukuba ingakanani kwaye nini imveliso eyenziweyo. Akukho bathengisi babini baxhamlileyo ngakumbi-okanye benza okungakumbi ukumilisela- uguqulo lwezixhobo kuneWalmart kunye neAmazon.

Ukwamkela kukaWalmart kwangethuba iJIT kunye nembono yolungiselelo ibenze ukuba behlise amaxabiso ukuya kumanqanaba angaphambili ebengacingelwanga, ngelixa becudisa abasebenzi kulo lonke ikhonkco lokubonelela. Abathengisi abanjengolawulo lweWalmart kwikhonkco lokubonelela ngoku bomelele ngokwaneleyo ukuba babonelele ngabaxhasi emva kwexesha, okanye kwangoko, ukuhanjiswa. Ukusebenzisa i-capital revolution ye-logistics kwanceda ukwenza i-Walmart ibe yeyomhlaba inkampani enkulu ngengeniso.

IAmazon, yenye yeenkampani ezimbalwa kuphela emhlabeni ixabisa i-1 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi, yathatha i-Walmart's proven logistics kunye nezicwangciso zemveliso kwaye yadibanisa inkalo yolwazi lwedijithali ngakumbi. IAmazon yandise into yetekhnoloji exhasa uguqulo lwezixhobo, ibonelela iinkampani ngedatha eyimfuneko yokulawula amakhonkco abo okubonelela, kwaye yayisa ngaphambili ngentengiso ye-intanethi kunye. i-elektroniki engazange ibonwe ngaphambili ulawulo lwabasebenzi. La maqhinga ahlala exeliswa ngabakhuphisana kwaye i-Amazon imise a isizukulwana esitsha sophuhliso kwintengiso.

IWalmart kunye neAmazon bachithe ixesha elincinci emva kokuqhambuka kobhubhane ngaphambi kokuba baqeshe kudityaniswe abasebenzi abangama-250,000 e-US. "IAmazonization" yoqoqosho icokisekile kangangokuba njengoko amashishini amancinci ehlala evaliwe ngenxa yenkxalabo yokhuseleko lwe-coronavirus, iAmazon ihlala iyinto eqhelekileyo. indawo yokuthenga kuphela. IAmazon kunye neWalmart azanelanga nje kakuhle ukuba baphume-okanye benze inzuzo-ingxaki yekoronavirus ngenxa yeempahla abazithengisayo, kodwa ngenxa yobume bombutho wabo. Ngaphezulu kunabaninzi abakhuphisana nabo, ayingobathengisi nje kuphela, ziifemu ezinkulu zezothutho ezakhiwe malunga nokucwangciswa komgangatho omkhulu kunye nomyalelo wekhonkco lonikezelo lonke elixabene nehlabathi. Akumangalisi ke ngoko, ukuba iifemu ezimbini eziqhele ukunxulunyaniswa nenguqu yezothutho kunye neJIT zezinye ezimbalwa ezikhulayo ngelixa ilizwe libonakala ngathi liyawohloka.

Kodwa nangona iWalmart kunye neAmazon yenze imali kulo bhubhani, uxinzelelo kwimveliso yehlabathi lubonisa ukuba basenokungakwazi ukunqanda ukutsalelwa engxakini. Iimpembelelo zenkunzi zityhila imo - kunye nobuthathaka - bongxowankulu bale mihla. Kodwa yimpendulo yabantu abasebenzayo eye yakhanyisa ngokwenene indlela olusebenza ngayo uqoqosho lwanamhlanje, kwanokuba oku kungasetyenziswa njani ukulandela iinguqu ezinkulu.

Ubomi kunye noKufa ecaleni kwekhonkco lobonelelo

Kwabo banyanzeliswa ukuba bajongane nocelomngeni oloyikekayo lokuqhubeka nokusebenza phakathi kobhubhani wehlabathi, ukusebenza kube ngumcimbi wobomi okanye wokufa. Amabali abuhlungu yabasebenzi abosulelwa yi-COVID-19 akufuneki ukuba ibe sisikhumbuzo sento abayibeke emngciphekweni ngokungena nje, kodwa nokuba baye baphoxwa ngamazwe kunye nabaqeshi besilela ukubonelela ngokhuseleko olwaneleyo, kunye nenkqubo eshiya abaninzi besebenza. abantu abaxhomekeke kakhulu ngokwezoqoqosho kumvuzo olandelayo kangangokuba abanakukwazi ukuthi hayi.

Iimpendulo zokunqongophala ezivela koorhulumente belizwe kwimfuno yokonyuka kokhuseleko lwabasebenzi kuthetha ukuba abasebenzi abaninzi abayimfuneko baxhomekeke kubaqeshi babo ngamalungiselelo okhuseleko, izixhobo zokuzikhusela kunye nomvuzo wobungozi. Oku kuye kwaba phakathi iinkxalabo eziphambili zabasebenzi ngexesha lobunzima. Iimfuno zokhuseleko olusisiseko zibuyisela ukubaluleka kweyona nkxalabo isoloko ilityalwa yabasebenzi abacwangcisiweyo: impilo nokhuseleko lwabasebenzi. Abasebenzi ababalulekileyo, nokuba ngaba kumacandelo ezonyango, ezothutho okanye amashishini, baqala baxhalabele impilo-ntle yabo, bekhomba ukubaluleka kokulungelelanisa emsebenzini.

Ezi mfuno zinye zingundoqo kuzo zonke iimeko zodushe lwabasebenzi kunye nemizabalazo yokwandisa amandla omsebenzi kwihlabathi jikelele; kwaye oku akwahlukanga phakathi kwengxaki yezempilo yehlabathi. Abasebenzi bedokhi baseOstreliya banayo wala ukukhulula iinqanawa zeenqanawa ngenxa yeenkxalabo zokhuseleko. Amaxhala malunga nemiba yezempilo abangele ukuba abasebenzi basezikhunjini e-Italiya bethe ngokunjalo kunye nabasebenzi baqhankqalazela amanyathelo okhuseleko angonelisiyo kwindawo yokugcina impahla eNew Jersey. Inani elingalinganiyo loqhanqalazo, ukuhamba-hamba kunye noqhanqalazo lwabasebenzi olwenzeka kushishino lwezothutho luqhubela phambili ukomeleza ukongamela kobungxowankulu bokubonelela.

IAmazon iye yaba yintonga yombane kwisenzo sabasebenzi ngexesha lentlekele ye-coronavirus. Uqhanqalazo kunye noqhanqalazo lunyakazise amaziko ofezekiso Italy, France, Spain kunye Poland. EUnited States, iAmazon iye yajongana nokuhamba kunye nogwayimbo Inew york, Detroit kunye Chicago, kwaye kutshanje, isibambiso sabasebenzi kwi Iindawo ezingama-40 zeAmazon kwilizwe jikelele ukubiza umsebenzi.

Uqhankqalazo eStaten Island, eNew York sisifundo semigaqo-nkqubo ekhohlakeleyo ye-coronavirus yaseAmazon. Ukucatshukiswa kukunganyangeki kwempilo, ikhefu lokugula elihlawulelwayo kunye nokungahoywa kweAmazon ukwazisa abasebenzi ukuba omnye wabo basebenza nabo kwafunyaniswa ukuba une-COVID-19, abasebenzi bogcino baqala ukulungelelanisa. IAmazon iphendule ngokubeka uChris Smalls, owayekhokela umzamo wokulungiselela, phantsi kovalelo,” apho wayalelwa ukuba aphume emsebenzini kangangeeveki ezimbini ukuze achache nangona engabonisi zimpawu, ukumgcina kude nabanye abasebenzi.

Ukuqhuba kweAmazon kusilele ukuthintela abasebenzi abangaphezu kwe-100 ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ekuyekisweni komsebenzi kwiintsuku ezimbini kamva. Endaweni yokungenelela ngamanyathelo afanelekileyo ezempilo kwindawo yokugcina iimpahla enenani leemeko ze-coronavirus, iAmazon yagqiba ekubeni umlilo Smalls ngenxa yokuvela ekuyekisweni komsebenzi exhasa oogxa bakhe kwaye uqalise umbi Iphulo le-PR ngokuchasene naye. Kubathengisi bezinto ezijoliswe kwi-JIT ezifana ne-Amazon, ukungazinzi kwezabasebenzi yenye nje imeko yengxabano kwikhonkco lokubonelela.

Kwi-Whole Foods, ivenkile yegrosari yaseMelika ephethwe yiAmazon, abasebenzi baqhuba a Uqhanqalazo "lokugula". kwimivuzo ephezulu yokugula kunye nokhuseleko oluphuculweyo. Abasebenzi kwiindawo zokugcina, iivenkile kunye namaziko okuhambisa kuyo yonke iwebhu yeAmazon ethe tyaba yokubonelela babuyela umva ngokuchasene neemeko ezimanyumnyezi kunye nokubanakho ukwenza ikhontrakthi okanye ukusasaza i-COVID-19, okwenza ishishini libe nzima kwinkampani eyenza imveliso ngexesha lengxaki. Umsunguli weAmazon uJeff Bezos kutshanje ucele uluntu ukuba nikela kwingxowa-mali yoncedo kubasebenzi bonikezelo e-Amazon kunye neekontraka ezisebenzisanayo, ebonisa ubudlelwane bakhe obusondelelene kakhulu nenyani, kunye nokungakwazi kwelizwe lentlalontle eliphenjelelwe luhlaziyo lwe-neoliberal ukukhathalela abemi bayo.

Kujongwe sisigebenga sokuthengisa, abasebenzi bothutho nabo banalo wenze uhambo lokuhamba, bafuna umvuzo onobungozi, ikhefu lokugula kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela. I-Instacart, inkonzo yokuhanjiswa kwegrosari emele ukwandiswa kwekhonkco lokubonelela ngokuthe ngqo kwiingcango zabathengi phantsi kweemeko zoqoqosho olusekwe kwi-tech, ibone abasebenzi. ugwayimbo lokuhlawula ingozi kunye nekhefu lokugula ngokunjalo. Nangona uninzi lolu qhankqalazo lube luncinci ngokwezinga, ukuphindaphindwa kwalo kunye nokugxila kwecandelo kuthetha ngendlela ebaluleke ngayo le misebenzi kuqoqosho njengoko lukhoyo ngoku - nokuba uluntu lubathatha njengababalulekileyo okanye hayi - kunye nendima yabo enokubakho kuqoqosho oluchasene nongxowankulu. intshukumo yabasebenzi.

Amandla otshintsho lwabasebenzi

I-capitalism yehlabathi ngoku yenza uqoqosho lwehlabathi luqhube kwii-hubs ezahlukeneyo kunye nenani leekhonkco ezahlukeneyo zobonelelo. Oku kuqaqambisa imfuneko yokwandisa imizabalazo yabasebenzi ngaphaya kweendawo zokusasaza (abasebenzi bokuthengisa) kunye nemveliso (abasebenzi bokwenza izinto) ukubandakanya iindawo ezingundoqo zobonelelo olunjengolwandle- nezikhululo zeenqwelo moya, ezothutho, iindawo zokugcina iimpahla, njl., ngokunjalo. Kwaye le nkqubo ayizange ibe sesichengeni kunangoku.

Oku kuya kufuna ukwanda kumanyano lwamacandelo kunye namazwe ngamazwe phakathi kwabasebenzi ngabanye kunye nemibutho yabasebenzi abaninzi. I-Flexible, imveliso yehlabathi ifuna impendulo yehlabathi kubantu abasebenzayo. Kodwa ukuthembela kobungxowankulu behlabathi kwiindlela ezisekiweyo kunye nokuba sesichengeni kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwengxabano kunokuba sisixhobo somsebenzi olungelelanisiweyo. Impendulo yabantu abasebenzayo kwiimeko ezihluphekayo, ezixhaphazayo kunye neziyingozi eziye zandiswa kakhulu yingxaki ye-coronavirus ibonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka.

Uninzi lwezi ntshukumo zabasebenzi ziququzelelwa ngokuzenzekela ngabantu abasebenzayo, hayi yimibutho yabasebenzi. Ukuba abasebenzi baza kuzalisekisa amandla abo, imibutho yabasebenzi kuya kufuneka ukuba idemokhrasi kwaye igxininiswe ukuze incede ibonelele ngolwakhiwo oluyimfuneko, inkxaso kunye nolwazi. Uqhankqalazo ngokwangoku ziipokotho ezineathom zabasebenzi abathumela imiyalezo kubaphathi babo. Nangona oku kubalulekile, ulungelelwaniso kunye nomanyano olukhulayo luya kuvumela abasebenzi ukuba baphumelele izibonelelo ezibaluleke kakhulu zempilo kunye nokhuseleko kunye nenkxaso abayidingayo. Ukwenza imali ngalo mzuzu kuya kuba ngundoqo ekusekweni kweziseko ezingundoqo eziya kuphila ngaphandle kwengxaki.

Ngeendlela ezininzi, loo msebenzi sele uqalisile. Abasebenzi abaxhathisi nje iimeko eziyingozi. Imisitho efana nabasebenzi basefektri yoMbane kaWonke-wonke abafuna ukuba ukutshintsha imveliso ukuya kwii-ventilators ukunceda ukulwa i-COVID-19 ukunika umbono wokuba idemokhrasi enkulu emsebenzini inokujongeka njani. Idemokhrasi, amanyathelo akhokelwa ngabasebenzi aya kuba yimfuneko kungekuphela nje ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iindlela ezikhoyo zemveliso kunye nokuhanjiswa zisetyenziselwa ukulwa ubhubhane wehlabathi - endaweni yokwenza inzuzo ngawo - aya kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba abantu abasebenzayo banelizwi elikhulu kwindlela uqoqosho kunye noqoqosho. uluntu lwakhiwe ngokubanzi.

Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ukuxhathisa kwabasebenzi kwihlabathi liphela lilangana lethemba kumaxesha anzima obumnyama. Kanye njengokuba i-coronavirus inyanzelise abaphembeleli ukuba baphuhlise iindlela ezintsha zokuyila umanyano kunye nesenzo, abantu abasebenzayo baye basabela kwintlekele yezempilo yehlabathi kunye Ukuwohloka koqoqosho okuzayo ngokwala ukuvala kwaye ubuyele emsebenzini.

NgoSuku lukaMeyi olukhethekileyo, apho uqhanqalazo lwemveli kunye noqhanqalazo lwenziwa phantse lungenakwenzeka ngubhubhane, abasebenzi abaqhankqalazayo bangqina ukuba isenzo esithe ngqo sisenokwenzeka - kwaye sigxeka. Eli lelona nyathelo lamva nje kwinyathelo lehlabathi lezenzo zabasebenzi apho abantu abasebenzayo baye bafunela ngakumbi bona kunye nabasebenzi abangoogxa babo, begxininisa indima yabo ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho kwaye beqaqambisa ukuba banako, kwaye kufuneka, badlale indawo ephambili kuqoqosho. intshukumo yehlabathi ibumba indlela elijongeka ngayo ilizwe emva kwentlekele ye-coronavirus.

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