Ngaba iChina iselilizwe elisaphuhlayo okanye sele ingenelele kumazwe aphuhlileyo?
Lo ibe ngumbuzo onzima, ngakumbi emva kokuba uMongameli wase-US u-Barack Obama uxelele uMongameli u-Hu Jintao ukuba i-China kufuneka ithathe uxanduva ngoku ikhulile.
Wayethetha ukuthini u-Obama kukuba i-China ngoku kufuneka iphathwe njenge-US okanye iYurophu ngokwezibophelelo zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi yendlu eluhlaza, ukucutha iirhafu zayo ukuya kufutshane ne-zero kwaye inikezele ngenkxaso-mali yayo phantsi koMbutho weHlabathi wezoRhwebo, ukunika uncedo kumazwe ahluphekileyo. , kunye nokuvumela imali yayo ukuba idande.
Yile nto i-US ibicinezela i-China ukuba iyenze. Enyanisweni, uninzi lothethathethwano olubalulekileyo lwamazwe ngamazwe lumisiwe ngenxa yokuba i-US (ngenkxaso yeYurophu kunye neJapan) igxininisa ukuba i-China inikezele kwimo yayo yelizwe elisaphuhlayo kwaye ithabathe izibophelelo zelizwe eliphuhlileyo. Bakwafuna ukuba iIndiya neBrazil zenze ngokunjalo. UMzantsi Afrika kunye namazwe atyebileyo okanye amakhulu eAsean nawo ayakhankanywa kulo mba.
Ke umbuzo ubalulekile: ingaba iChina lilizwe eliphuhlileyo?
Impendulo ixhomekeke kwiikhrayitheriya ezisetyenziswayo. Ngokwenyani, iTshayina luqoqosho olukhulu. IMveliso yayo yasekhaya ePheleleyo (i-GDP) yeyesibini kuphela kweyase-US. Iye yaba yeyona mitter inkulu yeGreenhouse Gases, idlule e-US.
Kodwa oku kungenxa yokuba iTshayina, enabantu abasisi-1.3 sebhiliyoni, lelona lizwe linabantu abaninzi ehlabathini.
Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle komfanekiso onamandla onikiweyo ngamajelo eendaba ehlabathi, i-China ikhangeleka njengelizwe eliqhelekileyo eliphuhlayo xa sijonga iimpawu zomntu ngamnye.
I-UN, i-International Monetary Fund kunye ne-World Bank ziye zaseka iindlela ezicacileyo zokwahlula amazwe aphuhlileyo kumazwe asakhasayo, eyona nto ibalulekileyo yingeniso yomntu ngamnye.
I-IMF ibeka i-China njengelizwe elisaphuhlayo, kunye ne-GDP ye-2010 ngomntu ngamnye -USD 4,382-i-91 ephantsi kumazwe angama-184 ehlabathi.
Amazwe amathandathu ase-Afrika (i-Equatorial Guinea, iGabon, iBotswana, iMauritius, eMzantsi Afrika, iNamibia) ayenamanqanaba eGDP ngomntu ngamnye angaphezulu kwelaseTshayina elalingaphantsi kweshumi laseMelika, i-USD 46,860. ILuxembourg yayinelona nqanaba liphezulu, nge-USD 108,952.
IWorld Bank yahlula amazwe abe ngamaqela amane anengeniso: amazwe anengeniso ephantsi, anengeniso yomntu ngamnye engaphantsi kwe-USD 1005; amazwe asezantsi anengeniso ephakathi, kunye nengeniso yomntu ngamnye USD 1006-3,975; amazwe aphezulu anengeniso ephakathi, i-USD 3,976-12,275; kunye namazwe anengeniso ephezulu anengeniso engaphezu kwe-USD 12,276.
Ngokwamanani eBhanki yeHlabathi, iGNP yaseTshayina ngomntu ngamnye yayiyi-USD 2050 ngo-2006, i-USD 2490 ngo-2007, i-USD 3050 ngo-2008, i-USD 3650 ngo-2009, kunye ne-USD 4260 ngo-2010.
Ngapha koko, i-China ibikudidi lwamazwe anengeniso ephakathi esezantsi de yawela ukuya kwingeniso ephakathi ephezulu ngo-2010.
Iingcali zezoqoqosho zikwasebenzisa umlinganiselo wamandla okuthenga ngomntu ngamnye (okanye i-GPP) ukuthathela ingqalelo ukuguquguquka kweendleko zokuphila kumazwe ahlukeneyo. Abantu abahlala kumazwe aneendleko eziphantsi zokuphila banokonwabela umgangatho wokuphila ophezulu kunokuba i-GNP yelizwe labo ithetha.
Ngo-2010, kwi-GDP (kwi-GPP) ngokwemiqathango yomntu ngamnye, i-China yayisezantsi kwinani le-95 kunye ne-USD 7,544, ngaphantsi kwe-Ecuador kunye ne-Bosnia ne-Herzegovina, nangaphezulu nje kwe-Albania, i-El Salvador, i-Tonga, ne-Guyana.
Isalathiso seNkqubo yoPhuhliso lweZizwe eziManyeneyo (HDI) silinganisa umgangatho wobomi ngokwengeniso, imfundo, iminyaka elindelekileyo yokuphila, kunye nezinye izalathisi. Ingxelo yoPhuhliso loLuntu ye-2011 ibeka i-China 101 kumazwe angama-187 ane-HDI ye-0.687.
Kuthekani ngamanyathelo okusingqongileyo? Nangona ililizwe eliphezulu elikhupha irhasi yegreenhouse, ngokwemiqathango yomntu ngamnye iChina inqanaba lokukhupha โ 5.5 CO2-elingana nomntu ngamnye- ibekwe kuma-84 ehlabathini. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-US per capita emission yayiyi-23.4 CO2 elinganayo.
I-China, ngoko, ibeka i-91 kwi-GDP ngomntu ngamnye, i-101 kwisalathiso sophuhliso lwabantu, kunye ne-84 kumntu ngamnye okhutshwayo we-CO2, lilizwe eliphakathi okanye elisezantsi-eliphakathi eliphuhlisayo, ngaphantsi kungekuphela nje kuwo onke amazwe aphuhlileyo kodwa nabaninzi. ukuphuhlisa amazwe.
I-China yabelana nezinye iimpawu zamazwe asakhasayo: ngaphezu kwe-600 yezigidi zabantu bayo abayi-1.3 yezigidigidi bahlala emaphandleni, kwaye ngo-2008 ingeniso yekhaya elahlayo yayiyi-avareji ye-3.3 kwiindawo zasemaphandleni.
Kakade ke, oku akuthethi ukukhanyela amanqaku aphezulu kuphuhliso lwase-China: i-GNP yayo enkulu ngokwemiqathango ecacileyo, izinga layo eliphezulu lokukhula koqoqosho, kunye noovimba bangaphandle abangaphezulu kwe-USD 3 yetriliyoni.
Ukuyibeka ngokuthe ngqo, ngelixa i-China iye yaba ligunya elikhulu kwezoqoqosho ngokwemiqathango ecacileyo, iselilizwe eliphuhlayo elikwinqanaba eliphakathi elineengxaki zentlalo noqoqosho amazwe amaninzi asakhulayo anazo.
Yaye ukuba iTshayina inyanzelwa ukuba ithabathe imisebenzi yelizwe eliphuhlileyo ize incame isikhundla sayo njengelizwe elisakhasayo, amanye amazwe amaninzi asakhasayo angaphambili kweTshayina asenokucelwa ukuba enze okufanayo kungekudala.
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