The Irish have a long history of being tyrannized, exploited, and oppressed–from the forced conversion to Christianity in the Dark Ages, to slave trading of the natives in the 15th va 16th centuries, to the mid-nineteenth century "potato famine" that was haqiqatan ham holokost. The British got Ireland's food exports, while at least one million Irish died from starvation and related diseases, and another million or more emigrated.
Bugungi kunda Irlandiya boshqa turdagi zulm ostida, banklar va boshqalar tomonidan o'rnatilgan troyka–the EU, ECB and IMF. The oppressors have demanded austerity and more austerity, forcing the public to pick up the tab for bills incurred by profligate private bankers.
The official unemployment rate is 13.5%–up from 5% in 2006–and this figure does not take into account the mass emigration of Ireland's young people in search of better opportunities abroad. Job loss and a flood of foreclosures are leading to suicides. A raft of new taxes and charges has been sold as necessary to reduce the deficit, but they are simply a backdoor bailout of the banks.
At first, the Irish accepted the media explanation: these draconian measures were necessary to "balance the budget" and were in their best interests. But after five years of belt-tightening in which unemployment and living conditions have not improved, the people are slowly waking up. They are realizing that their assets are being grabbed simply to pay for the mistakes of the financial sector.
Five years of austerity has not restored confidence in Ireland's banks. In fact the banks themselves are packing up and leaving. On October 31st, Bu haqda RTE.ie xabar berdi that Danske Bank Ireland was closing its personal and business banking, only days after ACCBank announced it was handing back its banking license; and Ulster Bank's future in Ireland remains unclear.
The field is ripe for some publicly-owned banks. Banks that have a mandate to serve the people, return the profits to the people, and refrain from speculating. Banks guaranteed by the state because they are the state, without resort to bailouts or bail-ins. Banks that aren't going anywhere, because they are locally owned by the people themselves.
Irlandiyani bankrot qilgan bank kafolati
Ireland was the first European country to watch its entire banking system fail. Unlike the Icelanders, who refused to bail out their bankrupt banks, in September 2008 the Irish government gave a blanket guarantee to all Irish banks, covering all their loans, deposits, bonds and other liabilities.
At the time, no one was aware of the huge scale of the banks' liabilities, or just how far the Irish property market would fall.
Ikki yil ichida davlat banki kafolati Irlandiyani bankrot qildi. Xalqaro pul bozorlari endi Irlandiya hukumatiga qarz bermaydi.
Before the bailout, the Irish budget was in surplus. By 2011, its deficit was 32% of the country's GDP, the highest by far in the Eurozone. At that rate, bank yo'qotishlari Irlandiya soliqlarining har bir tiyinini oladi kamida keyingi uch yil uchun.
"This debt would probably be manageable," deb yozgan Morgan Kelli, Professor of Economics at University College Dublin, "had the Irish government not casually committed itself to absorb all the gambling losses of its banking system."
To avoid collapse, the government had to sign up for an –85 billion bailout from the EU-IMF and enter a four year program of economic austerity, monitored every three months by an EU/IMF team sent to Dublin.
Davlat aktivlari ham auktsion blokiga qo'yildi. Hozirda ko'rib chiqilayotgan aktivlarga kiradi parts of Ireland's power and gas companies and its 25% stake in the airline Aer Lingus.
At one time, Ireland could have followed the lead of Iceland and refused to bail out its bondholders or to bow to the demands for austerity. But that was before the Irish government used ECB money to pay off the foreign bondholders of Irish banks. Now its debt is to the troika, and the troika are tightening the screws. In September 2013, they demanded another 3.1 billion euro reduction in spending.
Biroq, ba'zi vazirlar bunday qisqartirishlarga qarshilik ko'rsatmoqdalar, ular buni siyosiy jihatdan amalga oshirib bo'lmaydi.
In The Irish Times 31 yil 2013 oktyabrda XVJning sobiq rasmiysi ogohlantirdi that the austerity imposed on Ireland is self-defeating. Ashoka Mody, former IMF chief of mission to Ireland, said it had become "orthodoxy that the only way to establish market credibility" was to pursue austerity policies. But five years of crisis and two recent years of no growth needed "deep thinking" on whether this was the right course of action. He said there was "not one single historical instance" where austerity policies have led to an exit from a heavy debt burden.
Austerity has not fixed Ireland's debt problems. Belying the rosy picture painted by the media, in September 2013 Antonio Garcia Pascual, chief euro-zone economist at Barclays Investment Bank, Irlandiya tez orada ikkinchi yordamga muhtoj bo'lishi mumkinligi haqida ogohlantirdi.
Jon Ispaniyaning so'zlariga ko'ra, yozish Irlandiya Markaziy 2013 yil sentyabr oyida:
The anger among ordinary Irish people about all this has been immense. . . . There has been great pressure here for answers. . . . Why is the ordinary Irish taxpayer left carrying the can for all the debts piled up by banks, developers and speculators? How come no one has been jailed for what happened? . . . [D]espite all the public anger, there has been no public inquiry into the disaster.
Super-soliq yoki Iqtisodiy suverenitet bilan garov?
Ko'p jihatdan, Irlandiya tejamkorlik asosidagi aktivlarni tortib olish uchun nolga teng. Evrozonaning barcha davlatlari qarz botqog'ida. Muammo tizimli.
2013-yil oktabr oyida XVJ hisobotida Evrozonadagi barcha uy xo'jaliklariga 10% super-soliq to'lash orqali Evrozona hukumatlari kitoblarini ijobiy sof boylik bilan muvozanatlash muhokama qilindi. Bu to'yib bo'lmaydigan bank kazinosini boqish uchun shaxsiy jamg'armalarning 10 foizini musodara qilishni anglatadi.
The authors said the proposal was only theoretical, but that it appeared to be "an efficient solution" for the debt problem. For a group of 15 European countries, the measure would bring the debt ratio to "acceptable" levels, i.e. comparable to levels before the 2008 crisis.
Gold Silver Worlds-da chop etilgan sharh kuzatilgan:
[T]U hisobot siyosatchilar va asosiy ommaviy axborot vositalari sotishga harakat qilayotgani haqidagi afsonani darrov rad etadi, ya'ni inqiroz cheklandi va 2014 yil uchun ijobiy iqtisodiy prognoz.
. . . O'zingizni tayyorlang, haqiqat shundaki, xushxabar tashviqoti aytmoqchi bo'lgan narsadan farqli o'laroq, ko'proq garov, musodara va moliyaviy repressiyalar kelmoqda.
A more sustainable solution was proposed by Dr Fadhel Kaboub, Assistant Professor of Economics at Denison University in Ohio. I n a letter posted in The Financial Times titled " Evrozonaga kerak bo'lgan narsa - bu funktsional moliya," he wrote:
The eurozone's obsession with "sound finance" is the root cause of today's sovereign debt crisis. Austerity measures are not only incapable of solving the sovereign debt problem, but also a major obstacle to increasing aggregate demand in the eurozone. The Maastricht treaty's "no bail-out, no exit, no default" clauses essentially amount to a joint economic suicide pact for the eurozone countries.
. . . Afsuski, Yevropa Ittifoqi shartnomasiga o'zgartirishlar kiritish bo'yicha tezkor siyosiy yechim topish ehtimoli juda katta. Shu sababli, [noto'lovga layoqatsiz mamlakatlar] uchun eng mumkin bo'lgan va eng kam og'riqli stsenariy qisman defolt va yangi milliy valyutaning devalvatsiyasi bilan birgalikda evrozonadan chiqishdir. . . .
Olib boriladigan saboq shundan iboratki, moliyaviy suverenitet va fiskal va pul-kredit organlari o'rtasida siyosatni muvofiqlashtirish iqtisodiy farovonlik uchun zarur shartdir.
Go'liyotga qarshi turish
Ireland could fix its budget problems by leaving the Eurozone, repudiating its blanket bank guarantee as "odious" (obtained by fraud and under duress), and issuing its own national currency. The currency could then be used to fund infrastructure and restore social services, putting the Irish back to work.
Irlandiya Evrozonadan chiqmasdan turib, o'z foiz yukini kamaytirishi va davlat banklarini tashkil etish orqali mahalliy kreditlarni kengaytirishi mumkin. Shimoliy Dakota bankining modeli. Yangi tashkil topgan Irlandiya davlat banki forumi bu variantni izlamoqda. Ko'mir uchun ham ekspluatatsiya qilingan Uelsda davlat banki uchun safarbarlik uyushtirilmoqda. Arian Cymru "BERW' (Bank va iqtisodiy tiklanish Uels).
Irland yozuvchisi Barri Fitsjerald, muallif Oltin shaharlarni qurish, o'z vataniga arxetip nuqtai nazardan da'vo qiladi:
Irlandlar safarbar qilinmoqda va ular uyg'onmoqda. Ular barcha erkaklar va ayollar o'zlarini, bir-birlarini va sayyorani hurmat qilishning Oltin qoidasiga bo'ysungan juda qadim zamonlarning DNK xotirasiga ega. Ular bank faoliyati bilan bog'liq bo'lgan bu uyg'unlikning qiymatini tan olishadi. Ular sudxo'rlik zulmining iflos qo'lidan xoli davlat banki bu tabiiy tartibning bir qismi ekanligini darhol anglab yetdi.
In many ways they could lead the way in this unfolding, as their small country is so easily traversed to mobilise local communities. They possess vast potential renewable energy generation and indeed could easily use a combination of public banking and bond issuance backed by the people to gain energy independence in a very short time.
Irlandiyaning buzilmas ruhi uyg'onsa, uyushgan va safarbar etilganda, mamlakat tejamkorlik uchun emas, balki moliyaviy suverenitet orqali iqtisodiy farovonlik uchun afishaga aylanishi mumkin.
Ellen Brown is an attorney, president of the Public Banking Institute, and author of 12 books, including WEB OF DEBT and its newly-released sequel, THE PUBLIC BANK SOLUTION. Her websites are http://WebofDebt.com, http://PublicBankSolution.com, and http://PublicBankingInstitute.org.
ZNetwork faqat o'z o'quvchilarining saxiyligi orqali moliyalashtiriladi.
hadya etmoq