Ho fapana le ho potoloha ha nyutlelie ho ntshetswa pele ke indasteri ya nyutlelie, matla a nyutlelie e dula e le o mong wa mehloli e ditshila, e kotsi ka ho fetisisa, e turang ho fetisisa lefatsheng. Leha mmuso oa Tonakholo McGuinty o bolela hore o entse lipuisano tsa sechaba mabapi le likhetho tsa matla a Ontario, indasteri e sa bolokehang le e sa tsitsang ea nyutlelie e 'nile ea ratoa khafetsa ho feta mekhoa e meng e tsitsitseng le ea moruo. Ka tlase re leka ho hlakisa litšōmo tse supileng tse tloaelehileng tse sebelisoang ho lokafatsa ho tsoela pele ha rona ho itšetleha ka theknoloji ena ea khale.
Ho Beha Tšireletseho ea Sechaba Kotsing
Ho ea ka nalane, Canada e boloka maemo a tlase haholo a linaha tsa bophirima ha ho tluoa ho tlhahiso le bophelo bo botle ba radioactive. Ka Phupu, 1997, Ontario Hydro e ile ea senola hore e hlotsoe ho tlaleha tšilafalo ea tritium ea metsi a fatše sebakeng sa Pickering bakeng sa lilemo tse mashome a mabeli tse fetileng. Tritum ke kankere e tsebahalang ea motho, mutagen, le teratogen. Liphello tsa mekhoa ena li ka fella ka kankere, ho senyeheloa ke mpa, bokooa ba tsoalo, sterility le hypothyroidism.
Ho feta moo, ka May 1999 ho ile ha senoloa hore Ontario Hydro e lahlile lithane tse fetang 1000 tsa koporo, zinki le litšepe tse ling Letšeng la Ontario. Ho bile le ho qhalana ho hoholo ha lisebelisuoa tsa radioactive, ka hare le ka ntle liteishene tsa reactor. Lilithara tse likete tsa metsi a hlasimollang a ile a qhalana femeng ea Bruce ka 1990 le 1991, a mang a tšolohela Letšeng la Huron. Kotara ea batho ba Canada e itšetlehile ka Matša a Maholo bakeng sa metsi a bona a nooang, e leng metsi a silafalitsoeng ke mesi e ntšang mahlaseli a kotsi.
Komisi ea Tšireletso ea Nyutlelie ea Canada e hlōlehile ho amohela 'nete ka kotsi ea radon, e' nileng ea amahanngoa le keketseho ea 31 - 40 lekholong ea mofetše sebakeng sa merafo ea uranium Elliott Lake. European Committee on Radiation Risk le US National Academy of Sciences (NAS) li fumane hore ha ho na maemo a sireletsehileng a mahlaseli. Tlaleho ea NAS e maqephe a 700 e fumane kotsi ea ho tšoaroa ke mofetše ho tsoa mahlaseling a hlahisoang tikolohong ke li-reactor tsa nyutlelie e batla e phahame ka liperesente tse 35 ho feta likhakanyo tsa kotsi tsa 'Muso oa US.
E boetse e fumane kamano e bakang pakeng tsa ho pepeseha ha mahlaseli a kotsi le litlamorao tsa bophelo bo se nang mofetše joalo ka lefu la pelo le stroke. Lekala la Ontario la Tikoloho le bolela hore ho kenngoa ha radionuclide metsing a nooang ho ka baka mofetše ho batho ba pepesehileng le tšenyo ea lefutso baneng.
Sesosa sa Khatako ea Litokelo tsa Botho
Basebetsi ba morafong oa Uranium Elliott Lake, Ontario ha baa ka ba tsebisoa hore ba beha bophelo ba bona kotsing kapa bophelo ba bana ba bona kotsing, ka ho pepesehela lisebelisoa tse nang le mahlaseli a kotsi haholo. Greenpeace e tlaleha hore basebetsi ba merafong ba fetang 200 ba Northern Ontario ba bolailoe ke mafu a matšoafo a tšoaelitsoeng ke ho sebetsa merafong ea uranium. Naha le matša li tla lula li sa sebelisoe melokong eohle.
Ka kakaretso, mmuso oa kopanelo o sireletsa lik'hamphani tsa merafo ho tloha boikarabellong. 'Muso oa Martin o hanne khothaletso ea mekha eohle e entsoeng ke Komiti e emeng ea Commons ea Litaba tsa Kantle ho Naha le Khoebo ea hore lik'hamphani tsa merafo tsa Canada li jare boikarabello ka molao bakeng sa litokelo tsa botho le tlolo ea tikoloho mose ho maoatle. The Nuclear Liability Act e thibela boikarabello ba indasteri ea nyutlelie ho $75 milione feela ha ho ka ba le kotsi ea nyutlelie. Ha ho bapisoa, li-reactor tsa Amerika li ikarabella ho fihlela ho $13 billion. Ho feta moo, hangata mebuso e ’nile ea leka ho lahla litšila tse ntšang mahlaseli a kotsi libakeng tsa matsoalloa a moo.
Liasons tse kotsi tsa Reactor
Ho tloha ha koluoa ea Chernobyl e etsahala ka 1986, bonyane ho bile le likotsi tse khōlō tse 22 liteisheneng tse fehlang matla a nyutlelie lefatšeng ka bophara, tseo tse 15 tsa tsona li amanang le ho lokolloa ha mahlaseli ’me tse peli tsa tsona li ile tsa atamela ka tsela e kotsi hore li qhibilihe.
"Indasteri e tletse ho hloka tsebo le ho se tsotelle tšireletseho maemong 'ohle ho tloha morafong oa uranium ho isa bothateng ba litšila bo ntseng bo e-s'o rarolloe ... koluoa ea Chernobyl e ne e le matla ho feta bomo ea Hiroshima ka makhetlo a 400," ho latela The New Internationalist.
Lits'ebetso tsa polokelo liteisheneng tsa nyutlelie tsa Bruce le Pickering Ontario li ile tsa fumanoa li haella ka makhetlo a 'maloa. Li-transformer tsa mantlha li phatlohile habeli Seteisheneng sa Darlington. Lits'ebetso tsa ts'ireletso ea ts'ohanyetso li fumanoe li haelloa ke matla kapa li sa fumanehe hangata liteisheneng tsohle tse tharo, ho kenyeletsoa lithupa tse timang lerole, ente e pholisang ea tšohanyetso le litsamaiso tsa ente ea khase.
Ka 1990 ho bile le ketsahalo ea ho baleha ha likhohlano Pickering le liphutheloana tsa mafura tse senyehileng li ile tsa fumanoa Darlington. Lijenereithara tse emeng ho fana ka matla a tšohanyetso setsing sa motlakase li senyehile ebile ha li fumanehe liteisheneng tsa Pickering, Bruce le Darlington. Lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng ho bile le diketsahalo tse ngata tsa ho dutla ha radioactive tritium, cobalt, boric acid, nyutlelie le litšila tse nang le mahlaseli a kotsi lifemeng tsa matla a nyutlelie lefatšeng ka bophara.
Lisebelisoa tsa Nyutlelie li Nolofatsa Ntoa ea Nyutlelie
Leha ho na le matšoenyeho a morao-rao mabapi le tšokelo e hlahisoang ke bokhoni ba libetsa tsa nyutlelie ba Iran, ke ka seoelo ho lumeloang hore United States le lilekane tsa eona tsa sesole li se li lohile lintoa tse 'nè tsa nyutlelie, li sebelisa libomo tse litšila le libetsa tse litšila tse entsoeng ka tšebeliso ea thepa ea nyutlelie.
Ka eona nako eo linaha tsa bophirima li iketsang eka li tšoenyehile ka ho holisa bokhoni ba libetsa tsa nyutlelie tsa linaha tse futsanehileng haholoanyane, mebuso ena e hatella katoloso ea matla a nyutlelie linaheng tse tsoelang pele. Canada e se e ntse e na le lithane tse 45,000 tsa metako ea mafura a sebelisitsoeng a hlokang ho lahloa. Hajoale, Tonakholo Harper le Tonakholo ea Australia John Howard ba ntse ba nahana ka litokisetso tseo Canada le Australia li tla khutlisa le ho lahla litšila tsa nyutlelie tse hlahisoang ke li-reactor tsa Canada tse romelloang kantle ho naha.
Ho atolosa tšebeliso ea matla a nyutlelie lefatšeng ka bophara ho kentse letsoho ka kotloloho ho phahama ha libetsa tsa nyutlelie tse nkiloeng tšebetsong ea li- fission reactors. Setsebi sa jeoloji sa libetsa tsa nyutlelie sa US, Lauren Moret o hlokomela ho The Journal of International Issues hore uranium e senyehileng (DU) ke Trojan Horse ea ntoa ea nyutlelie. Uranium e senyehileng e kopana le tlhaloso ea 'Muso oa US ea Sehlomo sa ho Senya ka Bongata. Ho sebelisa libetsa tse senyehileng tsa uranium ha ho molaong tlas'a litumellano tsohle tsa machaba, likopano le litumellano.
Litemoso tsa litlamorao tse mpe tsa DU bophelong ba motho li khutlela morao haholo. Ka 1990, Tlaleho ea United Kingdom Atomic Authority (ULAEA) e ile ea lemosa 'muso oa UK hore o hakanya hore, "haeba lithane tse 50 tsa lerōle le setseng la DU li lula' sebakeng seo" ho ka ba le kankere e eketsehileng ea halofo ea milione qetellong ea lekholo lena la lilemo."
Ho tloha ha United States e qala ho fana ka DU ho Iseraele ntoeng ea Sinai ea 1973, US e lekile, ea etsa le ho rekisa litsamaiso tsa libetsa tsa DU linaheng tsa 29. Moret o hlokometse ka mafu a tebileng a 165 a hlokofatsang ba pepesehetseng esita le litsela tse hōle tsa DU. Halofo ea bophelo ba DU ke lilemo tse limilione tse likete tse 4.5, e leng lilemo tsa lefatše. Ha e ntse e bola e ntša mahlaseli a mangata mohatong o mong le o mong. "Tšilafalo ea radioactive lefatšeng ka bophara e tsoang litekong tsa sepakapaka e ne e lekana le libomo tsa Hiroshima tse 40,000," ho latela Moret.
Uranium e senyehileng e boletsoe e le ntlha ea bohlokoa ho hoo e ka bang 240,000 ea 700,000 American Gulf War Veterans e nang le bokooa bo sa feleng ba bongaka, ha ba fetang 11,000 ba shoele. Phuputso ea 'Muso oa US mabapi le masea a ka morao ho Ntoa ea Gulf a tsoetsoeng ke masole a khale a fumane hore karolo ea 67 lekholong ea masea a tlalehoa a e-na le mafu a tebileng kapa bokooa ba tsoalo. Ba tsoetsoe ba se na mahlo, litsebe, litho tse sieo, menoana e kopantsoeng, qoqotho le mathata a mang. Masole a Canada hajoale a ntse a pepesetsoa litlamorao tsa DU ka ho pepesehela libomo tsa DU tsa Amerika.
Mekhatlo ea mahlale e hakantse hore lithane tse 900 tsa DU li ile tsa sebelisoa libekeng tse seng kae tsa Ntoa ea Koung ea Koung ea 1991. Ka 2001, ho hakanngoa hore lithane tse 800 ho isa ho tse 1000 tsa DU li ile tsa theoha Afghanistan. Ntoeng ea Gulf ea 2003, ho ile ha sebelisoa lithane tse 3000 tsa DU, tse bakang linyeoe tse ncha tsa mofetše tse ka bang limilione tse 22 libakeng tsohle tse anngoeng ke libomo. Ha a bua ka takatso ea US ea ho boloka pokello ea libetsa tsa nyutlelie, ramotse oa Hiroshima, Tadatoshi Akiba, o itse, "Ke boikarabello holim'a lefatše lohle ... . Re hana ho phela lefatšeng la tšabo le lehloeo tse sa khaotseng.
Sesilafatso se Phahameng
Ed Burt oa Serpent River First Nations o hlokometse, merafo ea uranium e hlahisa uranium e ngata, arsenic, cadmium ea tšepe e boima, koporo le nickel hoo lefatše le qalang ho tšoana le mehla ea pele ho Cambrian. Mehla eo, "ho ne ho se letho le letala, ho se letho le khasa, ho sesa ho sesa, ho se litšeho, ho se letho le tsamaeang." Kakaretso ea setsi sa matla a nyutlelie se hlahisa pakeng tsa lithane tse 20 le 30 tsa libeso tsa nyutlelie tse senyehileng selemo le selemo. Mebuso e mengata e lahlile seretse se nang le mahlaseli a kotsi maoatleng a Atlantic, Pacific le Arctic, moo libaka tse 53 tsa tsona li tsejoang le tse ling tse ngata tse belaelloang.
Ho na le lithane tse fetang limilione tse 200 tsa mesaletsa ea radioactive e siiloeng morao ho tloha merafong ea uranium Northern Ontario, Northern Saskatchewan le Northwest Territories. Masalla ana a kang leloala a na le liperesente tse 85 tsa radioactivity e neng e le teng ho ore ea pele. Li lula li le kotsi ka mahlaseli a kotsi ka lilemo tse makholo a likete.
Ho ne ho se naha lefatšeng e kileng ea rala tharollo e amohelehang taolong ea nako e telele ea litšila tse nang le mahlaseli a kotsi a phahameng. Ho ea ka US National Academy of Sciences, "ho ka lebelloa ho lutla ha mahlaseli a kotsi ho fihlela lilemo tse milione," 'me, "kotsi e ka ba kholo ka ho fetisisa lilemong tse ka bang 300,000 XNUMX ho tloha joale."
Ha ho Tharollo ea Phetoho ea Boemo ba Leholimo
Lipolelo tsa morao-rao tsa hore matla a nyutlelie ke ntho e hlokahalang, le hoja e sa lakatsehe ho rarolla phetoho ea boemo ba leholimo ke leshano. Ho latela Worldwatch (Phupu/Phato 2006), ho imena habeli ha matla a nyutlelie a hlahisoang hona joale lefatšeng ho tla fokotsa ho ntšoa ha khabone lefatšeng ka bophara ka 1/7 feela ea chelete e hlokahalang ho qoba litlamorao tse mpe ka ho fetesisa tsa ho futhumala ha lefatše.
Bafuputsi ba MIT ba hlokomela hore ho fihlela sephetho sena se sa lekaneng ho tla hloka hore ho behoe sebaka sa polokelo se sa feleng se lekanang le Thaba ea Yucca lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 3 ho isa ho tse 4 ho sebetsana le litšila tse ling. Ho feta moo, uranium ha se mohloli oa matla oa nako e telele, kaha o ke ke oa nchafatsoa. Lipolokelo tsa lefats'e tsa uranium e ka ntšoang li tla fokotseha nakong ea lilemo tse 40 tse tlang, le haeba palo ea lifeme tsa matla a nyutlelie e sa ka ea eketseha.
Ka lebaka la ho senyeha ha licheso tsa nyutlelie Ontario, limela tsa mashala li ile tsa tlameha ho eketseha ka liperesente tse 120 lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng. Lihlahisoa tsa matla a nyutlelie li ntša likhase tse sa tsejoeng tse kang ozone-depleting chloro- le hydro fluorocarbons le sulfur hexafluoride.
Bosiu ba Setsebi sa Moruo
Mmuso oa Ontario o saenetse tumellano ea "sweetheart" ea nchafatso le k'hamphani e ikemetseng, Bruce Power. Mmuso oa provense o hlotsoe ho senola hore balefi ba lekhetho ba kotsing ea ho fihla ho liperesente tse 50 holim'a litšenyehelo life kapa life le hore Bruce Power e lokela ho lefuoa ka theko e holimo haholo (ka liperesente tse 40) ho feta ea Ontario Power Generation e nang le sechaba.
Ntle le moo, mmuso oa Ontario o lumetse ho koahela ka botlalo keketseho efe kapa efe ea theko ea mafura a uranium ka lilemo tse 29. Litefiso tsa Ontario tsa litšenyehelo tsa reactor ha li kenyelle ho felloa ke mosebetsi kapa ho lahloa ha litšila. UK, litšenyehelo tsa li-reactor tse felloang ke mosebetsi li hakanngoa hore li ka ba li-Euro tse limilione tse likete tse 70.
Haeba litlhahiso tsa Ontario Power Authority li ka etsahala, li ka eketsa litšenyehelo tse ling tsa $ 100 bilione ts'ebetsong le lits'enyehelo ho $40 billion eo Ontario e seng e ntse e sebelisa. Pembina Institute e hakanya litšenyehelo tsa ho nchafatsa meaho ea Nyutlelie ea Ontario li tla tloha lipakeng tsa $14.2 le $19.2 billion. Ho ntse ho hakanngoa hore Ontario e na le mokoloto oa nyutlelie oa $ 20 bilione ho tsoa ho limela tse ngata tse hahiloeng lilemong tsa bo-XNUMX tse neng li atisa ho etsa hore ho hahoe ka makhetlo a mane ho feta kamoo 'muso o neng o hakantse kateng.
Litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa matla a nyutlelie li tšehelitsoe haholo ke mebuso ea liprofinse le ea kopanelo, 'me $2.3 bilione e fetiselitsoe ho Atomic Energy Canada Limited bakeng sa litšenyehelo tsa ho hloekisa. Sena e ne e le tlatsetso ho khefutso ea lekhetho, lithuso tsa liphuputso le nts'etsopele, litheolelo le inshorense ea mekoloto eo indasteri e seng e ntse e e thabela.
Ho hlokomoloha Tlhokomelo e Theko e tlaase le Mehloli ea Matla a Tsosolositsoeng
Ho ea ka Rocky Mountain Institute, ka 2004 feela, lisebelisoa tse nyenyane tse ka nchafatsoang li ile tsa eketsa matla a fehlang a matla a nyutlelie ka makhetlo a ka bang tšeletseng. Ka 2010, ho hakanngoa hore matla a ka nchafatsoang a tla feta matla a nyutlelie ka liperesente tse 43 lefatšeng ka bophara.
Spain, Jeremane le Sweden li itlamme ho felisa matla a nyutlelie ka ho felletseng. Ka lebaka la thekenoloji e ntseng e hola ka potlako ea paballo le ho nchafatsoa, li-reactor tsa nyutlelie li emela mohato oa Luddite ho khutlela morao. Ontario e etsa matsete a tšoantšetso ho matla a tsosolositsoeng le paballo. Porofense e sebelisa chelete e ngata ka makhetlo a 64 phepelong ea motlakase ho feta ho e baballa. Ka 2004, mmuso oa Ontario o ile oa amohela litlhahiso tsa 4,400 Mega Watts (MG) ea matla a tala, empa a amohela 395 MW feela. Ka 2003, Jeremane feela e kentse 2,645 MW ea li-turbine tsa moea.
Ho hakanngoa hore ho tla nka lilemo tse 10 le $40 bilione ho tšehetsa 14,000 MW ea matla a nyutlelie a motheo a Ontario. OPA e iphapanyetsa ka nepo matsapa a maholo mabapi le paballo a ka etsang hore phepelo ea motlakase ka bongata e se ke ea hlokahala. Ka mohlala, haeba li-Ontariane tse limilione tse hlano li ne li ka fetola tse 'nè feela tsa li-watt tse 60 tsa tsona tsa hona joale hore e be tse 10 tsa li-compact fluorescent, sena se ne se tla boloka chelete e lekanang le ea likarolo tse peli tsa "Pickering nuclear reactor".
Tekanyetso ya mmuso ya 2005 e file AECL thuso ya $99 milione, e menahaneng ha tshelela ho $17 milione e fuweng matla a moya. Le ha mmuso wa rona o tswelapele ho tsetela dibilione ho matla a sa bolokehang, a kotsi tikolohong, dithekeniki tse ka ntjhafatswang tse kang moya, biomass, matla a mocheso le matla a letsatsi le paballo ha di a tsotellwe.
Le ha moea e le matla a ntseng a hola ka potlako lefatšeng, Ontario e salletse morao haholo ka 350 MW feela e kentsoeng. Mohloli oa moea o ka fihlellehang ka botekgeniki o ka Boroa ho Ontario o ne o tla amohela liperesente tse 58 tsa tšebeliso ea hajoale ea provense. California le Manitoba li sebelisa makhetlo a ka bang 30 ho feta motho ka mong molemong oa paballo ho feta Ontario ho latela Howard Hampton. Leha ho le joalo, sebakeng sa lehae, Gwillimbury Bochabela e sa tsoa fetoha 'masepala oa pele oa Ontario ho hloka hore batho ba hahang matlo ba hahe matlo a baballang matla. Ha re ntse re le Toronto, projeke ea liteko tsa metara e bohlale meahong ea lifolete e hlahisitse phokotso ea hanghang ea matla a pakeng tsa 10 le 35%.
Ontario e boetse e na le bokhoni ba ho latela merero e khothatsang ea matla e kentsoeng United States. Lenaneong la paballo la California le boloka motlakase o lekanang le li-reactor tse peli tsa nyutlelie, ho boloka mmuso $ 2.7 bilione mme ba amohetse lithuso tsa $ 3 bilione ho khothaletsa matla a letsatsi. New York e fokolitse karolo ea 90 lekholong ea matla a sebelisoang maboneng a litsela ka ho fetohela ho li-diode tse ntšang khanya.
Mokhoa o Fosahetseng oa Lipolotiki
Ontario Power Authority ha se setsi sa bolelele ba libetsa se hlomelletsoeng ho fana ka likhothaletso tse se nang leeme. Ba khethiloeng ke ba lipolotiki haholo.
Mookameli oa OPA ke Jan Carr, moenjineri e moholo ea nang le boiphihlelo ba lilemo tse mashome a mararo ka lifeme tsa tlhahlobo ea matla, Ontario Energy Board le Toronto Board of Trade Force Task Force. Ke motlalehi oa lichelete oa Liberal mme o kopanetse kamohelo ea lekala la matla la $ 350/plate bakeng sa Tonakholo McGuinty. Murray Elston, eo e kileng ea e-ba MPP ea Ontario Liberal le letona la khabinete, joale ke mopresidente oa Mokhatlo oa Nyutlelie oa Canada. David MacNaughton, mongoli e moholo oa mehleng oa McGuinty, o emela Matla a Atomic oa Canada. Bob Lopinski, molaoli oa mehleng oa Premier McGuinty oa litaba tsa molao, ke motšehetsi ea lefuoang bakeng sa Bruce Power. Qetellong, John Beck, molula-setulo oa komiti ea tsamaiso ea OPS, ke CEO ea Econ Group, k'hamphani e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea kaho le meaho ea ntlafatso ea Canada e rekisoang phatlalatsa.
Mmuso oa Ontario o thehile Mokhatlo oa Tsamaiso ea Litšila tsa Nyutlelie (NWMO) o nang le litho tsa boto tse entsoeng feela ke baemeli ba indasteri ea nyutlelie. Leha ho na le litšepiso tsa lipuisano tsa sechaba, mmuso oa Ontario o lumelletse lihora tse tharo feela metseng e 12 ea Ontario bakeng sa maikutlo a sechaba. 'Me sena se ile sa tla ka mor'a khatello e matla ea sechaba.
Mmuso oa Ontario o hanne tlhokahalo ea tlhahlobo e matla ea tikoloho ea provense ka ho khetha litekanyetso tsa mmuso tsa tlhahlobo ea tikoloho tse khopisang haholo.
Judy Deutch ke mosebeletsi oa sechaba sa mafu a kelello ebile ke Mohokahanyi oa Khaolo ea Toronto ea Lekhotla la MaCanada. Rebecca Granovsky-Larsen ke mohlophisi le Molula-setulo oa ACT bakeng sa Earth Toronto. Mekhatlo ena ka bobeli ke litho tsa Climate Chaos Coalition mme e sebetsa ka matla le Energy Vision.
ZNetwork e tšehelitsoe ka lichelete feela ka seatla se bulehileng sa babali ba eona.
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