Ho tloha khale, matsoalloa le batho ba Batšo ba 'nile ba hanyetsoa ke bo-ralikolone le makhoba. Hona joale, lichaba li ithuta ho e mong ’me li fumana bonngoe boitekong ba ho fumana masimo a utsoitsoeng.
Naha e bopa batho, 'me, joalo ka setsebi sa litlama sa baholo-holo Ayo Ngozi e re, “Naha ke mohloli oa ’nete oa matla.” Kutloisiso ena ea naha e le matla a moea a phelang ka boona ke a boiphihlelo bo arolelaneng ho pholletsa le lichaba tsa Maindia. Ho na le matla a maikutlo le a kelello a tlisoang ke ho tseba hore ho na le lehae leo u lokelang ho khutlela ho lona. Mekhatlong ea kajeno ea bokapitale, matla a moruo a ho ba le mobu ke a bohlokoa, a lumellang kaho ea tekano ho fumana mehloli ea ho tšehetsa thuto, likhoebo, ho ba le mobu o mongata, le boikhethelo bo eketsehileng bakeng sa litloholo tsa motho.
Bala Karolo ea 1 ea pale ena: Libaka tse Utsoitsoeng: Nalane ea Batho ba Batsho le ba Matsoalloa a Tšebeliso ea Mobu
Kajeno, sechaba sa Batho ba Batšo le Matsoalloa a ntse a tsamaisa likamano tsena ho ea ho naha ha a ntse a etsa 'mapa le ho nka khato ho aha moruo oa sechaba o seng o arohane le lits'ebetso tse mpe tsa tlhahiso le khoebo.
The Indigenous-Led Land Back Movement
Ho finyella toka ho kenyeletsa ho khutlisetsa matla ka ho nchafatsa mobu le ka litefello. Bakeng sa batho ba Maindia, the Naha Morao mokhatlo o kenyelletsa ho sutumelletsa ho toka le pholiso. Mokhatlo ona o sebeletsa ho khutlisa libaka tse ling tse kileng tsa lula ke baholo-holo ba bona, ho atolosetsa tlhokomelo le puso ea matsoalloa ho ea linaheng tse ke keng tsa khutlisoa, ho sutumelletsa ho felisoeng ha litsamaiso le maano a hlekefetsang a moruo a fokotsang matla a matsoalloa, le ho aha moruo le litsamaiso. tse hlalosang litekanyetso tsa matsoalloa.
Leano la mantlha la mokhatlo oa Land Back ke ho sebelisa li-trust tsa mobu ho tlosa mobu limmarakeng tse inahaneloang le ho o beha tlhokomelong e kopanetsoeng. Mehlala e kenyeletsa le Native Conservancy, e Wiyot Tribe's Dishgamu Humboldt Community Land Trust, e Tlhokomelo ea Naha ea Naha, le tse ling tse ngata.
Lichaba le mekhatlo e boetse e sebelisana 'moho ho reka mobu o lahlehileng le o utsoitsoeng, ho kenyelletsa le mohlala oa mohlala oa Leloko la Yurok. Yurok Tribe e tsosolositse lihekthere tse 2,424 tsa libaka tsa mapolanka tsa poraefete tsa setso le tikoloho tsa California Leboea, ka lebaka la tšebelisano 'moho le feme ea matsete ea New Forests. New Forests e sebelitse le Trust for Public Land, e neng e tšehetsa Leloko ho fumana chelete ho tsoa ho Setsi sa Lihloliloeng sa California.
E ne e se lekhetlo la pele Tribe e hahamalla ho reka setša ka kopanelo. Ka 2006, e ile ea sebelisana le Western Rivers Conservancy ho reka lihekthere tse 50,000 tsa masimo a baholo-holo ho tsoa ho Green Diamond, k'hamphani ea ho rema lifate, ho kenyeletsoa sebaka sa metsi sa Blue Creek, setšabelo sa bohlokoa sa salmon. Ka 2019 Morabe o ile a qala ho hlokomela masimo ana e le a sehalalelo sa salmon le moru oa sechaba.
Ho ea ka Frankie Myers, motlatsi oa molula-setulo oa Yurok Tribal, “Joaloka batho ba Yurok ba koalletsoeng ka ntle ho linaha tsena—ba bang ka lilemo tse ka bang lekholo—ke bokhoni feela ba hore litho tsa rōna li tsoe ho ea fihla linaheng tsena le ho kotula le ho kotula. bokella, sebelisana le moru; phetoho ea taolo ea mobu ka boeona, ho lumella batho ba Maindia ho khutlela libakeng tsa bona ... ke nahana hore ke eona ntho ea bohlokoa haholo.
Batho ba matsoalloa a moo le bona ba sebeletsa ho atolosetsa tlhokomelo le puso ea bona libakeng tse tloaelehileng tse seng molaong oa bona oa ho ba le mobu—e leng karolo ea bohlokoa ea mokhatlo oa Land Back. The Lekhotla la Tsamaiso ea Mollo oa Setso le Indigenous Peoples Burning Network ke baetapele ba hlokomelehang, ba sebetsang haholo le naha ea California le Forest Service ho theha litumellano tsa moralo o kopaneng oa taolo. The Morabe oa Karuk ke moetapele e mong ea behang mohlala oa ho thea bocha tlhokomelo ea matsoalloa a linaha, ho theha moralo o matla "Moralo oa Tsamaiso ea Mehloli ea Eco-Cultural” le ho tšoara boetapele ka hare ho Tšebelisano 'moho ea ho tsosolosa Klamath Bophirimela.
Mekhatlo e meng ea matsoalloa le lichaba li sebelisa mekhatlo ea molao ea sejoale-joale ho hana ho amohuoa ka ho bokella likhoebo tse ncha tse nchafatsang ho netefatsa tlhokomelo ea naha le batho. Mohlala o mong ke Akiing, mokhatlo o sa etseng phaello o sebakeng sa Great Lakes. Akiing e fetola ts'ebetso ea eona ea khoebo ho ba tšebelisano 'moho ea likoporasi tse sebetsang temong, matla a tsosolositsoeng le tlhahiso ea hemp. E boetse e kenyelelitse Akiing Land Trust ho sireletsa masimo bakeng sa bokamoso ba batho ba Anishinaabe.
Mekhatlo e Eteletsoeng pele ke Batho ba Batsho ho Tseba Naha e Utsoitsoeng hape
Batho ba batšo naheng ka bophara le bona ba ntse ba tsoela pele ho sebetsa ho fumana mobu, le hoja ba sebelisa mekhoa e fapaneng ho sechaba sa Maindia. Boiteko ba bona bo kenyelletsa ho fumana masimo, ho loants'a mekhoa ea lichelete le khethollo ea morabe ho fumana mobu le ho ba le matlo, le ho theha mekhatlo ea lipolotiki ho qobella ho tsosolosoa ha linaha tse nkiloeng malapeng a Batšo ka pefo ea histori le sebaka se tummeng. Ka September 2021, ho arabela boiteko bo matla ba ho hlophisa bo etelletsoeng ke lelapa la Bruce le Lebatooa la Kavon, 'Musisi oa California Gavin Newsom o saenetse bili e khutlisetsang setša se pel'a lebōpo la California Boroa, se tsejoang e le Bruce's Beach, ho lelapa la Batho ba Batšo le neng le khannoa ke pefo ea makhooa a phahametseng naha ea bona hoo e ka bang lilemo tse lekholo tse fetileng.
Kamora tlhōlo ena, Ward, le mosebetsi-'moho le eena Ashanti Martin, ba ile ba tsoela pele ho fumana mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa naha, Naha Ya Ka E Hokae, ba sebeletsa ho khutlisa naha ea Batho ba Batšo le ho ba thusa ho fumana puseletso ea lichelete bakeng sa ho hatakela litokelo tsa bona tsa botho le tsa botho, leruo le lahlehileng le khoebo.
Mekhatlo e 'nile ea sebetsa ho fetola maqhubu a ho amohuoa ha Batho ba Batšo ka mekhoa e fapaneng. The Trust Family Land Trust e tšehetsa ho bolokoa ha mobu ka har'a lichaba tsa Batho ba Batšo ka ho rera, thuto le marang-rang. Ho sa le joalo, the Letlole la Balemi ba Batsho e fana ka matsete a ho holisa mapolasi a Batho ba Batšo le likhoebo tsa tsamaiso ea lijo. Boemong ba lehae, Michigan, the Letlole la Mobu la Sehoai sa Detroit Black e sebetsa ho aha bocha bochaba ba batho ba Batšo ba tsoang linaheng tse ling sebakeng sa Detroit ka lichelete, marang-rang, le kaho ea bokhoni.
Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le mokhatlo o etelletsoeng pele ke Matsoalloa a Mobu, litho tsa sechaba sa Batho ba Batšo le mekhatlo e 'nile ea sebelisa mekhoa ea litšebelisano ho ntšetsa pele toka ea mobu. The Acres of Ancestry Initiative/Black Agrarian Fund ke mokhatlo o laoloang ke sechaba oa mobu le ts'ebelisano ea lichelete e tšehetsang nts'etsopele ea mobu o tloaelehileng oa malapa a Batho ba Batšo ka ho fana ka mehloli ea lichelete e sa qojoeng, tšehetso ea molao le bobuelli, e thehiloeng moetlong oa moea le oa sechaba.
Mohlala o mong ke East Bay Permanent Real Estate Cooperative, e hlahisang litharollo tsa ts'ebelisano-mmoho ea sechaba maemong a tlokotsi a phalliso sebakeng sa Bay Area ea California ka ho ntša mobu 'marakeng le ho o beha ka har'a li-trust tsa mobu oa sechaba, ka hona ho netefatsa hore ho na le theko e tlaase ea matlo, tsoelo-pele ea setso, le litekanyetso tse ntle tse tloaelehileng East Bay.
Ho boetse ho na le matsapa a ho ntlafatsa le ho fa sechaba sa Batho ba Batšo lisebelisoa ho fumana mobu le lisebelisoa. Nexus Community Partners of the Twin Cities ke mokhatlo oa sechaba oo ponelo-pele ea oona e shebaneng le ho tsosolosa, ho nchafatsa, le moruo oa toka o kenyeletsang phihlello ea mobu; boetapele bo matla, bo theilweng hodima setso; le ho suthela hole le ditsamaiso tsa bokapitale tsa motho ka mong. Ho tšehetsa sena, Nexus e fana ka North Star Black Cooperative Fellowship, hammoho le koetliso le boeletsi.
Se etsang hore Nexus e fapane le merero e meng e mengata e etelletsoeng pele ke Batho ba Batšo ke ho ba le bonngoe le matsapa a matsoalloa. Nexus e sebakeng sa sehlopha se arolelanoang le Sehlopha sa NDN, mokhatlo o etselitsoeng ho aha matla, ho ntshetsa pele Land Back, le ho tlosa maruo ka ho suthisa mobu le leruo ho khutlela lichabeng tsa matsoalloa. (Tlhaloso: Ke ofisiri ea lenaneo le NDN Collective.)
Mekhatlo ka bobeli e theha lichelete tse etselitsoeng ho tsetela molemong oa ho aha matla a moruo a batho ka bomong le nala ea peō ea meloko e fapaneng ha e ntse e hlalosa bocha mohopolo oa leruo ho bonahatsa meetlo le meetlo ea sechaba ea bao e ba sebeletsang. Mosebetsi ona o tšehetsoa ke Bush Foundation mme, ka hona, e sebeletsa sechaba sa setereke sa Minnesota, North Dakota le South Dakota. Nexus e thehile Letlole la Batho ba Batšo ba tataisoang ke sechaba, ha NDN Collective e ntlafalitse Collective Abundance Fund, e tla buloa ka 2023.
Nexus le NDN Collective li arolelane a polelo e kopanetsoeng mabapi le likamano tsa bona mosebetsing ona:
"Rea tseba hore boipuso ba Maindia le tokoloho ea batho ba batšo li hokahane ho e mong. Leha batho ba rona ba na le nalane le litlhoko tsa hajoale… ha ho le ea mong oa rona ea tla lokoloha ntle le e mong… … Kamano ea batho ba batšo le ea matsoalloa e bolela ho aha ntho e ncha, 'moho le batho ba rona.
Ho Aha Bokamoso bo Kopanetsoeng, Hammoho
Ho kopana ho aha matla ha ho bonolo. Ho tloha khale, matsoalloa le batho ba Batšo ba 'nile ba hanyetsoa ke bahatelli le bo-ralikolone. 'Muso oa United States o ile oa lefa linaha tsa Matsoalloa a moo ka ho hapa batho ba phonyohileng makhoba. “Merabe e Mehlano e Tsoetseng Pele,” e leng lichaba tsa Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek le Seminole—tse ileng tsa etsa qeto ea hore monyetla oa tsona o molemohali oa ho pholoha ke ho etsisa bo-ralikolone ba tsona—li ne li tsejoa ka mokhoa oa tsona oa ho phela. ho sebedisa bokhoba pele le ka mor'a ho tlosoa ha bona linaheng tsa bona nakong ea Tsela ea Meokho.
Masole a Buffalo—Banna ba batšo ba ileng ba kenela sesole bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1800 ha ho ngolisoa ha batho ba basoeu ho ne ho le tlaase ka boiteko ba ho fumana litokelo tse lekanang joalo ka baahi-e ile ea qetella e sebelisoa ho felisa khanyetso ea Maindia khahlanong le bokolone le khatello linaheng tsa Bophirimela.
Batho ba batsho le ba matsoalloa ka bobeli ba amohetse litumelo le meaho ea bophahamo ba ba basoeu e le mokhoa oa ho phela, e leng se ileng sa fella ka ho ba teng ha batho ba batšo ka har'a lichaba tsa Matsoalloa a moo, le litlaleho tsa bokolone tsa botho ba Maindia le taolo ea mobu ka har'a lichaba tsa Batho ba Batšo.
Leha ho le joalo batho ba Batšo le Matsoalloa le bona ba tšehelitsene ha nako e ntse e ea, ka ho fana setshabelo pefong, ho arolelana tsebo, le ho fetoha lelapa. Ngozi o arolelana leloko la hae le matla la litlama Sehlekehlekeng sa Turtle, ho khutlela ho baholo-holo ba Virginia le South Carolina ba ithutileng tsebo ea bona ea litlama ka karolo e itseng ho tsoa ho batho ba Maindia, ba re, "Batho ba rona ba arolelana mekhoa e tšoanang ea phihlelo-ho tloha ka tlhompho ea mobu le beng ka bona, ho ea pefong, ho falla, le polao ea morabe—ka hona hoa utloahala hore re sebetse ka bonngoe ho itokolla.”
Ho Aha Matla ka Tšebelisano
Soul Fire Farm. agroecology. Polasi e ikemiseditse ho hokahanya lefatshe la Batho ba Batsho le puso ya matswallwa a matswallwa, ho etsa mosebetsi wa ho ithuta le ho hodisa bokamoso bo lokolotsweng mmoho. Makholo-kholo a lihoai tsa BIPOC a rutiloe likolong tsa Soul Fire Farm tsa temo le ho qoelisa kaho, ba rua molemo ka likabelo tsa bona tsa lijo tsa temo tse tšehelitsoeng ke sechaba le merero ea ho aha moetlo. Boikitlaetso bo bocha, bo bitsoang Braiding Seeds Fellowship, bo fana ka lichelete le boeletsi ho ntšetsa pele moetlo oa temo oa Batho ba Batsho.
Leah Penniman, motsamaisi-mmoho le motsamaisi oa Soul Fire Farm, o hlokomela hore Land Back ke "squarely Indigenous movement," ha a ntse a hlompha hore batho ba Batšo le bona ba na le litokelo tsa ho boloka mobu, le ho theha sebaka sa ho aha khokahano le ho tšoara mokete. bakeng sa mehloli ea bophelo le ea baholo-holo. Khaello ea mobu oa malapa o tsitsitseng metseng ea Batho ba Batšo e bontšoa ke taba ea hore Soul Fire Farm e fumane likōpo tse ngata tse tsoang ho malapa a Batho ba Batšo ho jala molora oa baholo-holo ba bona mobung, sebaka seo ba tsebang hore ba tla khona ho khutlela ho sona ho hlompha baholo-holo ba bona. .
Bahlophisi ba Soul Fire Farm ba sebelitse le Sechaba sa Mohican, seo mobu oa bona ba lulang ho sona karolong e ka leboea ea New York, ho theha mekhoa ea tlhompho ea setso, ho nolofalletsa Mohicans ho fumana naha ea habo bona e hapiloeng ke Soul Fire Farm. Ba ithutile, ba haha likamano tse inehetseng, 'me ba ema haufi le Mohican ho hlophisa, ho ipelaetsa, le ho sireletsa ka ho toba lintho tse halalelang tsa bona. Sehlekehleke sa Papscanee ho tloha ntlafatsong ea liphaephe. Mokhatlo o bona mofuta ona oa poelano ea likamano e le matla a kaho.
Stephanie Morningstar oa sehlopha sa Northeast Farmers of Color (NEFOC) Land Trust e totobatsa bohlokoa ba likamano tse ahiloeng, ho arolelana, "Likamano li bohlokoa likarolong tsohle tsa mobu, beng ka uena, le tlhokomelo ea sechaba. Moko-taba oa mosebetsi oa rona ... o nahana ka moo re ka bang likamanong tsa puseletso le mobu le ba bang ka tsela ea tsosoloso e amohelang hore ha re lakatse feela ho ba le likamano le mobu, empa hape re na le boikarabello ho eona, le hore likamano tsa bokolone. ho ea mobung ke lona lebaka le etsang hore ha joale re bona ho hloka toka ha tsamaiso likarolong tsohle tsa liphihlelo tsa rona tsa botho le tseo e seng tsa batho."
NEFOC e hlalositse tsela e sebetsang ya ho aha dikamano pakeng tsa ditjhaba tse fapaneng tsa BIPOC, ho thea Leano la Ditherisano tsa Baahi ba Matswallwa ha ho nkuwa ditsha bakeng sa trust. Leano lena le kenyelletsa "mehato ea lipuisano ho tloha ho ho haha likamano tsa pele ho ea ho ho theha liprothokholo le litšebelisano (haeba li lakatsoa) tse tsosolosang mekhoa ea matsoalloa a naha, ho khutlisa mobu, [ho fana ka] botho bo khethehileng, beng ba arolelanoang, ho tšoara mobu o khutliselitsoeng ka tšepo e le ketso ea bonngoe, litumellano le litumellano tsa setso kapa tsa paballo, litokelo tsa ho hana pele, matla a ho etsa liqeto liqetong tsa tšebeliso ea mobu, le litsela tsa ho etsa lipale le ho fetisa tsebo ka histori ea molomo le lipuo tse mabapi le mobu ka merero ea ho bua ’nete, le lipuisano mabapi le merero ea morero.”
Mosebetsi oa bona o boetse o kenyelletsa sehlopha sa mananeo a mane ao, hammoho, lihoai tsa lisebelisoa tse nang le thuto, bobuelli, le marang-rang, le leano le nang le lense e khethehileng mabapi le toka ea boemo ba leholimo. Mokhatlo o amohela a Litokisetso 'mapa, ho arolelana merero ea temo le mobu naheng ka bophara e le ho hokahanya batho ba batlang ho qhaqha bolaoli ba makhooa ka litefello. NEFOC e boetse e theha mobu o nonneng bakeng sa kaho ea bokamoso bo kopanetsoeng ka ho bokella seo e se bitsang "Braided BLISS" (Black Liberation and Indigenous Sovereignty in Solidarity), sebaka sa ho cheka lipuisanong tsa 'nete, ho bua' nete, le pholiso e hlokahalang haha matla a kopanetsweng.
Ho Felisa Bokapitale ba Morabe le Bolaoli ba Makhooa—Hammoho
Maeto a pholiso a kang a tšoantšitsoeng ke BLISS ha a bonolo kapa a bonolo ho latela nalane ea batho ba Batšo le Matsoalloa a moo. Amber Starks, morulaganyi, moitseki, le moetapele wa menahano ya Afro-Indigenous, o re, “Ke dumela ka nnete hore ho fihla ha rona tokolohong ya Batho ba Batsho le bobusing ba matswallwa ka sebele ho tla hloka hore re hopole hore na re bomang ka ntle ho ditheo tsa bahatelli ba rona, menahano le menahano ya rona ... ho hopola ... hore lichaba tsa rōna ka bobeli esale e le baqapi ba tokoloho ea rōna le baqapi ba topollo ea rōna.”
Bahlophisi ka har'a Mekhatlo e etelletsoeng pele ke Matsoalloa le Mekhatlo e etelletsoeng pele ke Batho ba Batsho bakeng sa ho lokisoa bocha le litefello ba ipona e le ntho e tšoanang, e leng eona khubu ea tsamaiso ea tumelo ea bokoloniale le meaho ea moruo. Ho ea ka bahlophisi ba amehang ka ho teba mekhatlong, mosebetsi oa bona o reretsoe ho felisa ho ntšoa ha maruo ho tsoa linaheng tsa habo bona le ho bokella chelete e ngata ka litšenyehelo tsa batho, ho felisa puso ea makhooa. E boetse e tsepamisitse maikutlo mosebetsing o matla oa batho bohle, ho pholletsa le litso, ho itlama ho tlisa phetoho ena ka matsete a tsosolosang lichabeng tsa Matsoalloa le Batho ba Batšo, le ho kenya letsoho mosebetsing oa ho qhaqha mekhoa ea matla e tsoelang batho ba basoeu le ba ruileng molemo.
Joalokaha Nkuli Shongwe oa Nexus Community Partners a hlalosa, mosebetsi o joalo “o hloka matsete ho feta mekhatlo. E hloka matsete mosebetsing oa setso le baetapele ba sechaba; ka ho re fa nako le sebaka se hlokahalang ho hloleha le ho leka hape, ho kenella khohlanong le tsitsipanong. … [Re hloka] bophara ba ho nahana ka kopanelo, ho itloaetsa, le ho inahanela bocha hore na tokoloho e shebahala joang maemong a lefatše la rona kajeno.”
Ha e le hantle, lintoa tsa naha ea Batho ba Batšo le Matsoalloa, matla, le tokoloho, tse hlohlellelitsoeng ka mabifi ho kenya bokhaphithaliste ba batho ka bomong, bolaoli ba morabe le moruo, le molao oa thepa ea poraefete, ke tšokelo ho tsoelapele ha litsamaiso tseo. Baahi ba batho ba batšo le ba matsoalloa a teng ba ntse ba bona hore ho theha likamano tse folisang e le khubu ea ho aha matla a 'nete a phetoho ho fihlela toka ea naha, ka peo ea pholiso e lengoang letsatsi le letsatsi. Ho bonahala eka mosebetsi ona oa boqapi o ntse o tsoela pele.
ZNetwork e tšehelitsoe ka lichelete feela ka seatla se bulehileng sa babali ba eona.
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Ho na le tlhophiso e ngata e ntle e ntseng e tsoela pele, joalo ka ha ho hlalositsoe mona. Leha ho le joalo, ho bonahala eka ho na le likotoana tse sieo paleng le bobuelli, (mona, joalo ka libakeng tse ling tse ngata). Ho hloka toka ha moruo ho bakoang ke taolo e ntseng e eketseha ea lihoai tsohle, ho kenyeletsoa Lihoai tsa Europe-Amerika, e bile sesosa se seholo tahlehelong ea mobu lilemong tse 70 tse fetileng. Melao-motheo ea mantlha ke ea sehlooho sa pele sa thepa, 1. Minimumension Farm Price Floors, (e ts'oanang le mekato e tlase ea moputso le maemo a bophelo,) 2. e tšehetsoa ke Phokotso ea Phepelo, joalo ka ha ho hlokahala ho leka-lekanya phepelo le tlhokeho, 3. Boholo ba Theko. Lisiling ho etsa hore ho lokolloe 4. Reserve Reserve Supplies nakong ea ho phahama ha theko. Litholoana le meroho, ho senyeha le ho se bolokehe li bile le mananeo a tšoanang empa a fapane, mananeo a tlhophiso ea 'maraka / litumellano tsa' maraka. Mananeo ana a ile a fa lihoai tekano kapa "moputso o phelang" litheko tsa polasi nakong ea 1942-52. Eo e ne e le nako e le 'ngoe feela (Palo ea Batho ba Temo, 1940-50) ho tloha ka 1920 (ho fihlela lilemong tsa bo-1990 ha lihoai tse ngata tsa batho ba batšo li ne li lahlehile,) moo lihoai tse nang le batho ba batšo li ileng tsa eketseha, (ka ho feta 10%, ho tšoana le lihoai tsa makhooa) . Ka mor'a 1952, Congress, tlas'a khatello ea khoebo ea temo, e ile ea fokotsa mananeo a theko e tlaase, ka ho eketsehileng, 'me ea qetella ka lijalo tse kholo ka 1996. Nakong ea lilemo tse 4 tsa pele tsa ho fokotseha, sekhahla sa tahlehelo ea lihoai tsa batho ba batšo ka lilemo tse leshome ho feta makhetlo a mararo. , (& tse tšoanang bakeng sa lihoai tse tšoeu). Ehlile, lihoai tsa batho ba batšo e ne e le tsona tse kotsing ka ho fetisisa, 'me li qalile ka liperesente tse phahameng haholo tsa ho hira (ke hore 75% vs 41%) ka mapolasi a manyenyane a mobu oa boleng bo tlaase. Lihoai tse hirileng, tse ka morao le tse tšoeu, li ne li hlaseleha habonolo haholoanyane. Se haellang, ho bonahala mosebetsi o moholo oa ho tlisa batho ba fokolang mobung, ke hore ba hloloheloa taba ea floor floor, (ha ba eo) le ho ba khutlisetsa boemong boo bo-rapolasi ba makhooa ba bangata le bona ba neng ba lahlehile. Joalokaha ke bontšitse, mananeo a Price floor a tšehelitsoe ka matla ke lihoai tsa batho ba batšo. https://zcomm.org/znetarticle/ensure-that-farmers-receive-a-fair-living-wage-by-jerry-pennick-heather-gray/ Joaloka morekisi ea ka sehloohong, US e boetse e beha litheko tse kholo tsa mapolasi lefatšeng ka bophara. Le hoja OPEC e ile ea khona ho fana ka thepa ea ho phahamisa litheko, US, e nang le likarolo tse kholoanyane tsa lihlahisoa tsa lijalo tse kholo, e ile ea fokotsa le ho felisa mananeo ana, ho lahleheloa ke chelete ka thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling, (bakeng sa bareki ba khoebo ea temo ea US le linaheng tse ling). Ka bobeli, WTO Africa Group ( https://zcomm.org/zblogs/wto-africa-group-with-nffc-not-ewg-by-brad-wilson/ ) le La Via Campesina ( https://znetwork.org/zblogs/via-campesina-with-nffc-support-for-fair-farm-prices-by-brad-wilson/ ) le tsona li tšehetse mananeo ana. "White" Family Farm Movement e ile ea etsa mosebetsi o moholo litabeng tsa theko, mekitlane ea polasi, joalo-joalo, 'me ea loana ka matla khahlanong le khethollo ea morabe libakeng tsa mahaeng tsa bona tsa batho ba basoeu, ka bonngoe le lihoai tsa batho ba batšo (https://www.slideshare.net/bradwilson581525/the-rural-trump-vote-whos-behind-the-trauma ) le lihlopha tsa batho ba batšo, ( https://familyfarmjustice.me/2016/11/12/election-rural-vote-donald-trump-why-and-what-we-need-to-do/ ) tse kang Rainbow Coalition, tlas'a boeta-pele ba Jesse Jackson, (motšehetsi ea matla oa mananeo ana). https://familyfarmjustice.me/2022/08/11/jesse-jackson-a-new-direction-in-farm-policy/