Lik'hamphani tse ngata tse khathatsoang ke khanyetso e tsebahalang ea merero ea tsona e senyang tikoloho, li iphetotse e le bahlabani ba tikoloho, ba hira baeletsi ba likamano tsa sechaba ho hloekisa mesebetsi ea bona, le ho batla "puisano" le bahlahlobisisi ba bona. Ho joalo le ka puo e khahlanong le bobolu le puso e ntle e ntse e khannoa ka lebaka la khanyetso e ntseng e eketseha ea khanyetso ea ho ikopanya ha lichaba tsa lefatše e le sebetsa se seng ntoeng ea ho fa bokapitale sefahleho se amohelehang ha se ntse se eketsa phaello le karolo ea mmaraka.
Enron ha se joalo ka apole e le 'ngoe e mpe ea khoebo ka lebokoseng la tse ntle. Eona, joalo ka Rio Tinto (hopola liketso tsa bona tsa Panguna Bougainville, Freeport e West Papua, merafo ea Ranger le Jabiluka ea uranium naheng ea Mirrar Australia, le tse ling tse ngata?), Shell (hopola polao ea Ken Saro Wiwa le Ogoni). ntoa khahlanong le ho ntšoa ha oli Nōkeng ea Niger Delta?), Placer Dome (u hopola kotsi ea Marcopper Marinduque Philippines?), Vivendi (hopola kahlolo ea Phupu 2001 ea Alain Maetz, molaoli e moholo lefapheng la metsi la Vivendi bakeng sa ho ntša tjotjo. Mopresidente oa lekhotla la toropo ea Milan, le ho hahola metsi le lits'ebeletso tsa metsi a litšila linaheng tse fetang 100?), Bechtel (hopola kamoo bofetoheli bo neng bo tumile bo ileng ba phethola poraefete ea metsi Cochabamba, Bolivia, le kamoo Bechtel e sebelisang selekane sa matsete a linaha tse peli). qosa mmuso wa Bolivia bakeng sa matšeliso?), General Electric (hopola batšehetsi bana ba seatla se bulehileng ba matšolo a Reagan le George W. Bush, le CEO oa bona oa mehleng “Neutron Jack†Welch, ba senyehile ka sehlōhō mesebetsi e 100 ho tloha ka 000-1981?) le ( re ka lebala jwang?) Arthur Andersen ke ba bang ba batshehetsi ba ditjhelete ba mokgatlo wa Transparency International o itlhalosang e le “mokgatlo o itlhommeng pele lefatsheng ka bophara oo e seng wa mmuso ho lwantsha bobodu†. Transparency International (TI) ke Bongoli ba Lekhotla la Machaba la Toantšo ea Bobolu (IACC). 1985th IACC e tla tšoareloa Seoul ka Mots'eanong 11.
Ho na le tšubuhlellano e kholo lipakeng tsa batšehetsi ba likoporasi ba TI's le litho tsa lihlopha tse matla tsa boemeli ba indasteri tse ntseng li tsoela pele ho susumetsa haholo melao ea khoebo ea machaba le matsete. Peter Eigen, Molula-setulo oa Transparency International o bile a lumela hore “WTO ke mohlokomeli oa bokahohleng oa tlhaho khahlanong le bobolu†, 'me ka ho hlaka e tšehetsa “khoebo ea machaba e lokolohileng le e sa imeloeng†(Presentation to World Trade Organization Symposium, Geneva, 29 April 2002).
Likhoebo tsa machaba le tsona ke tsona tse ruang molemo ho IMF/Banka ea Lefatše le mananeo a tokiso ea meralo ea ADB ka liqoso tsa bona tsa boinotšing, ho theoloa melao le tokoloho.
Ho khahlisang, mothehi le mopresidente oa e mong oa bafani ba lichelete ba TI, raliindasteri oa Switzerland, Stephan Schmidheiny oa AVINA Foundation, ea sebelelitseng libotong tsa Nestle, ABB, Leica le Swatch, le eena o thehile Lekhotla la Lefatše la Khoebo bakeng sa Tsoelo-pele e Tsoelang Pele le ho sebeletsa. e le moeletsi ea ka sehloohong oa khoebo le indasteri ho mongoli kakaretso oa Seboka sa Rio. WBCSD e ile ea ipelaetsa khahlanong le taolo ea khoebo ea Rio hammoho le Lekhotla la Machaba la Khoebo, e thehile boikitlaetso bo kopanetsoeng, “Business Action for Sustainable Development†ka nako bakeng sa Samiti ea Lefatše ea Khoeli ena ea Ntlafatso ea Moshoelella Johannesburg, modulasetulo wa mehleng wa Shell, Sir Mark Moody-Stuart.
Tsepamiso ea maikutlo ea Transparency International e tsamaellana hantle le puo ea puso e nepahetseng le bophahamo ba boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba 'maraka o lokolohileng boo Banka ea Lefatše, Banka ea Ntlafatso ea Asia, Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Khoebo, OECD, Tsamaiso ea Bush, har'a tse ling kaofela li e khothalletsang.
Leha likoporasi, mekhatlo e meng ea machaba e ikemetseng le mohatelli oa lichelete George Soros a sebetsa hammoho ho loantša bobolu, tjotjo le bosholu, le ho ipiletsa ponaletso le "sechaba se bulehileng", lichelete tsa lefats'e li ntse li tsoela pele ho susumetsa mebuso ea khoebo le matsete lefatšeng ka bophara. Soros, eo Open Society Institute e leng e 'ngoe ea bafani ba lichelete ba TI, ha se molekane oa mekhatlo ea batho bakeng sa toka le boikhethelo. E le ’muelli ea chesehang oa bokapitalise, o mpa a batla ho bentša setšoantšo sa bona se senyehileng. Re lokela ho belaela haholo lipuisanong le litšebelisanong tsa khoebo le likhoebo tse reng li “khahlanong le bobolu”.
Cronyism, tsamaiso e mpe ea mekhatlo ea sechaba, bosholu le bobolu li lokela ho pepesoa le ho loantšoa. Empa, ha ho tluoa tabeng ea ho khetholla bobolu, ho bonahala maemo le tlhaloso e fapaneng e sebetsa mesebetsing ea mekhatlo ea machaba ho sebelisa tšusumetso ea lipolotiki le moruo. Na lits'ebeletso tsa poraefete tse lumellang hore ho be le taolo e ikemetseng kapa ea oligopoly, ho nyolloa ha litheko, boleng bo tlase le phihlello e sa lekanyetsoang holim'a lintho tsa bohlokoa joalo ka metsi e le bobolu? Na ha se taolo ea lichelete e lebisang ka kotloloho maphelong a batho ho fetoha lipompo tsa papali ea chelete ha mekhatlo ea bona e fetoha moruo oa likhasino e le ntho e nyonyehang? Na tokoloho ea khoebo ea temo ha e khothalletsoe Lefatšeng la Boraro ka mananeo a tokiso ea meralo le bobolu ba khoebo e lokolohileng ha ho nahanoa hore linaha tse seng kae tse laolang boholo ba lijalo tsa lijo tsa lefats'e li ipapisitse le tšehetso ea naha, bosholu ba mobu, ho amohuoa le meharo ea bokolone?
Karolo ea likoporasi ho silafatseng le ho susumetsa melao ea khoebo molemong oa ho sebeletsa lithahasello tsa tsona hase lekunutu. Percy Barnevik, mothehi le CEO oa mehleng oa ABB Industrial Group (motšehetsi e mong oa TI!) o hlalositse ka bokhutšoanyane ho ikopanya ha lichaba tsa lefatše e le “tokoloho ea sehlopha sa ka sa lik'hamphani ho tsetela moo se batlang ka nako eo se batlang, ho hlahisa seo se se batlang, ho reka le ho reka. rekisa moo e batlang, le ho tšehetsa lithibelo tse fokolang ka ho fetisisa tse ka khonehang tse tsoang melaong ea basebetsi le litumellano tsa sechaba.â (E qotsitsoe ho âKatleho ea ho ba Kotsi: Ho Hanela Mekhoa ea Khoebo e sa lefelloeng le ea Matsete" Gerard Greenfield, 2000)
Nka Tumellano e Akaretsang ea WTO ka Litšebeletso tsa Khoebo (GATS). Ho ea ka David Hartridge, Mookameli oa mehleng oa Lekala la Litšebeletso tsa WTO, "ntle le khatello e kholo e hlahisoang ke lekala la litšebeletso tsa lichelete tsa Amerika, haholo-holo lik'hamphani tse kang American Express le Citicorp, ho ka be ho se na tumellano ea litšebeletso" Agreement on Trade in Services e ka etsa, puo ho Bula mebaraka bakeng sa libanka lefatšeng ka bophara: The WTO General Agreement on Trade in Services, 6 January 1997, London).
European Commission e re: “GATS ha se ntho feela e teng lipakeng tsa Mebuso. Ke sesebelisoa sa pele le molemong oa khoebo†. (Ho latela hokae? Lipuisano tsa GATS 2000, European Commission, DG Trade, June 1998).
Motsamaisi Kakaretso oa WTO ea tlang Supachai Panitchpakdi oa lumela hore khatello e tsoang lefapheng la likhoebo e susumelitse lipuisano tsa GATT/WTO. Tumellano e mabapi le thepa ea bohlale (TRIPS) “e bile o mong oa mehlala e hlakileng ea khatello e tsoang lekaleng la likhoebo holim'a mebuso eo qetellong e entseng hore litumellano tse ling li qobelloe linaheng tseo re tlamehang ho leka ho li thibela. (Puo, seboka sa lehlabula sa World Development Movement, London, June 8 2002)
Komiti ea Thepa ea Bohlale (kopano ea likoporasi tse kholo tse leshome le metso e meraro tsa Amerika, ho kenyeletsoa Du Pont, Pfizer le batšehetsi ba Transparency International IBM, General Motors, Rockwell, Bristol-Myers le Merck) e sebelitse le Baemeli ba Khoebo ba US mabapi le tlhahiso ea ho tiisa melao ea lefats'e ea thepa ea mahlale. ka mehala ea US, le ho etsa hore e tlamehe le hore e sebetse tlas'a WTO. Ba ile ba kopa tshireletso kgahlanong le “boshodu†ba meputso ya diaparo tsa mabitso, mmino le difitio, le dipoelo “e nepahetseng†le dikgothatso bakeng sa ho tsetela dipatlisisong le ntshetsopeleng ya dithethefatsi le thekenoloji. Kahoo TRIPS e hlahile. Kabo, ho rekoa le ho etsa hore ho be le poraefete ea mefuta-futa ea lihloliloeng, matsoalloa le tsebo ea setso ke likoporasi tse thehiloeng ho eona haholo-holo tsa Leboya e ntse e tsoela pele.
Na ha se koluoa ea lefu le mahlomola, haholo-holo koluoa ea AIDS Afrika Boroa, e bakiloeng ke maano a litheko tsa lik'hamphani tse etsang phaello le litokelo tsa ho laola, e matlafalitsoeng ke Tumellano ea WTO TRIPs eo ba neng ba ikemiseditse ho e theha, e leng tshenyeho e felletseng? Ehlile ha se bakeng sa e mong oa batšehetsi ba lichelete ba Transparency International, k'hamphani e matla ea US ea lithethefatsi TNC, Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) e khothalelitseng ho netefatsa hore tsamaiso ea US e phethahatsa merero ea bona. Sena se lebisitse matshosetsong a dikotlo tsa kgwebo kgahlanong le dinaha tse mmalwa, tse kang India, Aforika Borwa, Brazil, Argentina le Dominican Republic ka lebaka la melao e tlamang ya laesense kapa melao ya ho reka kantle ho naha, hammoho le nyewe e tummeng hampe ya lekgotla la dinyewe kgahlanong le mmuso wa Afrika Borwa. Liketso tsa PhRMA ha se bobolu feela. Ba bolaea sechaba.
Litho tse 96 ho tse 111 tsa moifo oa US o neng o buisana ka thepa ea bohlale nakong ea Uruguay Round li ne li tsoa lekaleng la poraefete. Badiplomate ba Geneva ba re indasteri ea meriana e ile ea ngola boholo ba TRIPs, ha 'muso oa US e ne e le moemeli oa eona ea ka sehloohong. Qalong ea Uruguay Round, 'muelli oa US o ile a etella pele moifo oa Tumellano ea WTO mabapi le Temo e ne e le motlatsi oa mopresidente oa senatla sa khoebo ea temo Cargill, eo hamorao a ileng a khutlela mosebetsing oa hae oa khoebo.
Kahlolo ya Loetse 1997 ya “banana warâ†ya WTO kgahlanong le sekema sa EU sa ho reka dipanana bakeng sa barekisi ba kantle ho naha ba Caribbean e bontsha taolo ya di-TNC tsamaisong ya WTO. Tletlebo e ile ea hlahisoa ke Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico le USA, le hoja USA e sa romelle libanana. US e ile ea kenya nyeoe molemong oa TNC e thehiloeng United States, Chiquita e laolang indasteri ea banana ea Latin America, e leng eona e ileng ea bolela hore qeto eo ke tlhōlo ea khoebo ea mahala. Tlas'a NAFTA's Khaolo ea 11 ea likhang mabapi le matsete, le litumellanong tse ngata tse sa tsejoeng haholo tsa matsete a linaha tse peli, lik'hamphani tse ikemetseng li na le litokelo tse matla tsa ho qosa mebuso bakeng sa melao kapa maano ao ba reng a ama mesebetsi ea nnete kapa e ka bang teng ea khoebo. Litumellano tse joalo li beha lithibelo tse tebileng ho matla a mebuso ea ho etsa melaoana ea sechaba, bophelo bo botle ba sechaba, le tikoloho.
Naheng ea Amerika, likoporasi li sebetsa haufi-ufi haholo le barekisi ba khoebo ba US ka Likomiti tse 17 tsa Boeletsi ba Lekala la Indasteri (ISAC). Webosaete ea Tsamaiso ea Khoebo ea Machabeng ea U.S. e bolela hore ba boholong “ba sebetsa 'moho le baetapele ba likhoebo ba sebeletsang e le baeletsi ba 'Muso oa US. Lefapha la Khoebo le USTR li na le boikarabelo bo kopanetsoeng ba ho sebetsa likomiti tsa boeletsi tsa ICP [Lenaneo la Lipuisano tsa Industry]†. Komiti ea Boeletsi mabapi le mapolanka le lihlahisoa tsa lehong e entsoe ka kakaretso ea batsamaisi ba mekhatlo le litho tsa lihlopha tsa boipiletso ba indasteri.
Litherisano tsa lekunutu lipakeng tsa likhoebo tse kholo le mebuso li theha khoebo, matsete le leano la moruo lefatšeng ka bophara. Likoporasi li hloka mebuso ho boloka moruo oa naha moo li tlas'a taolo e fokolang, le ho buella tokoloho ea machaba. Lethathamo la lihlopha tsa likoporasi tse amohelehang boemong ba makala, naha, lebatooa le machaba le lelelele. US e na le Lekhotla la US la Khoebo ea Machabeng, Moifo oa Khoebo oa Amerika, le Lethathamo la Khoebo har'a tse ling. New Zealand e na le New Zealand Business Roundtable, Life Sciences Network (e khothalletsang biotechnology), le Trade Liberalization Network e sa tsoa thehoa, e thehiloeng ka ho hlaka ho khothalletsa tokoloho ea khoebo le ho rekisa khoebo ea mahala ho sechaba ho sa tsotellehe khanyetso e ntseng e eketseha. Ka 1998 Wade Armstrong, Motsamaisi oa mehleng oa Lipuisano tsa Khoebo Lefapheng la Litaba tsa Kantle ho Naha le Khoebo ea New Zealand o ile a re ho baemeli ba khoebo: “Re batla haholo ho etsa bonnete ba hore mokhoa oa New Zealand oa lipuisano tsa (WTO) o laoloa ke lekala la khoebo” Litlhoko tsa khoebo le lintho tse tlang pele.â
APEC Business Advisory Council (ABAC) e na le karolo e hlophisitsoeng ea boeletsi ho APEC. Linaha tse ngata li tletse ka lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa basebetsi tsa APEC, tse khothalletsang lithahasello tsa mekhatlo ea poraefete, tse kang ho tlosoa ha melao, ho fana ka lits'ebeletso tsa boipheliso, le ho boloka merero ea litšebeletso tsa motheo. Litho tsa hajoale tsa ABAC li kenyelletsa batsamaisi ba Bombardier Transportation, Cargill, Honda, Fuji Xerox, Shell, Hopewell, le American International Group. Komiti ea Boeletsi ea Khoebo le Liindasteri ea OECD e bile karolo ea bohlokoa boitekong ba ho etsa MAI. Tsena ke mekhatlo ea baitseki e matla, e tšehelitsoeng hantle ka lichelete tse nang le monyetla oa ho fumana ba nkang liqeto tse phahameng mebusong, empa ha e na boikarabello sechabeng.
Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Khoebo (e mong oa litho tsa kopano ea 10th IACC e neng e tšoaretsoe ka Mphalane o fetileng Prague) o na le maqhama a haufi haholo le Bongoli ba WTO. E ipitsa mokhatlo oa lefats'e oa khoebo bakeng sa ho khothaletsa moruo oa lefats'e o sa lefelloeng mme e tseka litho tse 7000 linaheng tse 130. Mopresidente oa mehleng oa ICC le CEO oa Nestle, Helmut Maucher o itse "Ha re batle ho ba kharebe ea lekunutu ea WTO leha e le hore ICC ha ea lokela ho kena Mokhatlong oa Lefatše oa Khoebo ka monyako oa basebeletsi" (Ruling by Consent, Financial Times, 6 Tšitoe 1997). Enoa ke monna ea kileng a re: “Liqeto tsa boitšoaro tse senyang matla a feme a ho qothisana lehlokoa, ha e le hantle ha li na boitšoaro†(“Leadership in Action: Tough-minded Strategies from the Global Giant†, McGraw-Hill, 1994) .
Joalo ka ha ho na le mamati a potolohang lipakeng tsa mmuso le lefapha la poraefete lefats'eng ka bophara, ho joalo le ka rona re bona Arthur Dunkel, (ho fihlela haufinyane tjena e le motsamaisi oa Nestle and Credit Suisse) Motsamaisi Kakaretso oa GATT nakong ea Uruguay Round, a etella pele sehlopha sa tšebetso sa ICC Leano la Machabeng la Khoebo le Matsete hammoho le ho ba moifo oa likhang oa WTO ea ngolisitsoeng. Peter Sutherland (Modulasetulo wa Goldman Sachs International le Modulasetulo wa mehleng wa BP Amoco, motshehetsi e mong wa TI), mokomishinara wa mehleng wa tlhodisano wa EU, mme e mong wa mehleng wa GATT e le Modulasetulo-Kakaretso wa European Roundtable of Industrialists (ERT) e nang le tshusumetso e kgolo Europe. Komisi. Mike Moore o tlalehoa a "nahana ka botebo ho fana ka likeletso tsa boeletsi ba machaba" (“Plenty Moore e tlang", Business Monthly South, New Zealand, Phupu 2002) kamora hore nako ea hae ea WTO e fele mafelong a khoeli ena.
ICC e susumetsa ts'ebetso ea WTO ka kotloloho ka mekhatlo e kopaneng ea mebuso, le ka mebuso ea litho tsa mekhatlo eo ka likomiti tsa eona tsa naha. E na le boemeli bo sa feleng ho WTO. E ile ea tseka mokitlane bakeng sa liqeto tse nkuoeng ho Letona la pele la WTO Singapore ka 1996, ho tlosa litefiso ho lihlahisoa tsa IT le ho theha lihlopha tse ncha tsa ts'ebetso mabapi le matsete le tlholisano. Tokomane ea ICC “Melao ea Multilateral bakeng sa Matsete†e baleha joalo ka polane ea sengoloa sa MAI se hlolehileng sa OECD.
Mokhatlo oa litho tse 67 oa US Coalition of Service Industries (USCSI), o kenyelletsang batšehetsi ba lichelete ba TI Vivendi, General Electric, Enron, PricewaterhouseCoopers, le American International Inc., e kopile US le baemeli ba bang ba mmuso ka mabifi ho etella pele Seattle le Doha WTO. likopano, le ho tloha. Sepheo sa bona ke ho fokotsa litšitiso tsa khoebo ea litšebeletso ka ho bula limmaraka tsa kantle ho naha ka lipuisano tsa khoebo ea machaba. Ho likoporasi tsena, lits'ebeletso tsa bohlokoa joalo ka metsi, tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle le thuto ke thepa feela e lokelang ho rekoa le ho rekisoa 'marakeng. Tlhahisong ea bona ea 1998 ho Moemeli oa Khoebo oa US USCSI e itse: “Re lumela hore re ka etsa tsoelo-pele e kholo lipuisanong ho lumella monyetla oa hore likhoebo tsa US li atolose limmarakeng tsa bophelo bo botle ba linaheng tse ling.
Ke mang ea bolelang hore khoebo e sa lefelloeng le matsete e lokela ho ba motheo oa ho lekanya “pholisi e ntle†? Re hloka ho hana boitšoaro ba bohata ba bokhaphithaliste ba mebaraka, moo likoporasi tsa linaha tse ling li tsoaloang bocha ka mohlolo e le bahlokomeli ba lefats'e ba botšepehi le bahale ba sebete khahlano le bobolu.
Etsoe, likoporasi tsee li tsoa hokae? Lefatše la Krypton? Che. Bokolone ba khale bo hlahisitse mehlala ea likoporasi tsa kajeno, joalo ka East India Company. Lik'hamphani tsena li ne li sebelisana 'moho le mebuso ea bokolone, li natefeloa ke bo-monopoli, li fumana phaello e ngata ka ho tlatlapa le ho hapa ha li ntse li senya sechaba, mekhoa ea boipheliso le ho hanela litokelo tsa ho ipusa tsa batho bao linaha tseo ba thusitseng ho li laola. Tšimoloho ea sehlopha sa Royal Dutch/Shell e bile ngoliso ea sona ka 1890 e le “Royal Dutch Company for the Exploitation of Petroleum Wells in the Netherlands East Indies†. Mekhatlo ea kajeno ea machaba e ntse e tsoela pele ka lefa lena la bo-imperiya ka ho batla phaello e khōloanyane le limmaraka tse ncha, phihlello e sa lekanyetsoang ea basebetsi ba theko e tlase, thepa e tala, ho thetsa mebaraka ea lichelete, le tokoloho ea ho lelera le ho tlatlapa ka boithatelo.
Khoebo le tokoloho ea matsete, ho theola melao, le ho etsa privatization ke libetsa tseo ba li ratang, le hoja re bone, mohlomong ka ho hlaka mabapi le liketso tsa morao-rao tse nkiloeng ke tsamaiso ea Bush ho sireletsa tšepe ea US le bahlahisi ba mapolasi, ha ba tsilatsile ho kenya letsoho. bakeng sa maano a ts'ireletso ea malapeng ha a lumellana le lithahasello tsa bona. Etsa joalo ka ha re bua, empa eseng joalo ka ha re etsa, e ntse e le motheo oa mantlha oa evangeli ea ho ikopanya ha lichaba tsa lefatše ho latela Washington.
Ka 1999, JK Galbraith o ile a ngola:
“Mathata a Tumellano ea Washington a bonahala ho bohle. Empa hase bohle ba ikemiselitseng ho e lumela. Ka 'nete, ha maano a mabe a hlahisa ho hloleha ha leano, ba ikemiselitseng ho latela maano ba ile ba theha mokhoa oa ts'ireletso. Ena ke khang e nkang nyeoe e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e sa amoheleheng e le mokhelo o malimabe. Mexico e ne e le mokhelo - ho bile le bofetoheli Chiapas, polao ea Tijuana. Joale Korea, Thailand, Indonesia e ile ea e-ba mekhelo: bobolu, bokhaphithaliste bo boholo ka mokhoa o ke keng oa nahanoa, bo ile ba sibolloa, empa kamora hore koluoa e fihle. Eaba ho hlaha mokhelo oa Serussia. Naheng ea Russia, re bolelloa hore botlokotsebe ba Dostoyevskian bo tsoile setopong sa bokomonisi ba Soviet ho hlola katleho le likhothatso tsa mebaraka e sa lefelloeng.
Empa ha mekhelo e mengata ho feta mehlala, ho tlameha ho ba le bothata ka melao. Li hokae lipale tse tsoelang pele tsa katleho ea tokoloho, privatisation, deregulation, chelete e utloahalang le litekanyetso tse leka-lekaneng? Limmaraka tse ntseng li hlaha tse hlahileng li hokae, linaha tse ntseng li hōla moruong tse tsoetseng pele, moruo oa phetoho oo ka sebele o phethileng phetoho e atlehileng le e thabisang? Sheba ka hloko. Sheba ka thata. Ha li teng†( The Crisis of Globalisation, James K Galbraith, Dissent, Summer 1999, Volume 46, No. 3).
Bo-Suharto le Marcoses ba lefats'e lena ba bolile. Empa ho joalo le ka mohlala oa moruo o theiloeng holim'a mohopolo o kopanyang le ho hlalosa batho, tlhaho le lits'ebeletso tsa bohlokoa joalo ka lintho tse lokelang ho rekoa le ho rekisoa sebakeng sa tšōmo sa moruo oa lefats'e o sa lefelloeng. Ho joalo le ka lipuisano tse monate, tsa lekunutu lipakeng tsa likhoebo tse kholo le mebuso e thehang maano a naha le a machabeng ka tsela e khahlano le demokrasi, athe bongata ba rona re haneloa ka liqeto tse tla ama maphelo a rona le sechaba ho fihlela nako e se e fetile. .
Mekhatlo e meng e ikemetseng, mekhatlo ea basebetsi le mekhatlo e batla pepeneneng le boikarabello ho tsoa ho WTO le likoloi tse ling tsa lefats'e, le tsa libaka tse khothaletsang ho ikopanya ha lichaba tsa lefatše. Ba batla hore mebuso e etse boitlamo ba eona ba khoebo ea machaba le matsete ho tla hlahlojoa ke sechaba. Empa litlhoko tse joalo hangata li haelloa ke ho hana maikutlo a fosahetseng a tšehetsang merero e joalo ea bo-imperiyali ba neoliberal. Ntle le haeba mehoo ena ea ho eketsa pepeneneng e ipapisitse le boemo bo batlang ho fana ka tumello le ho qhaqha litumellano le mekhatlo ena le e hanang neoliberal imperialism, ho ka etsahala hore e bapalle matsohong a li-spindoctors tse batlang hore re lumele hore mokhoa ona oa tlatlapa le o hlokang toka o ka fetoloa. .
Haeba re ikemiselitse ho loantša bobolu ka mefuta eohle ea bona, re lokela ho nka khato e hlakileng le ho botsa lipotso tse thata. Tse ling tsa tsona li tlameha ho tobisoa ho mekhatlo e reng e loantša bobolu. Haeba tjotjo, leeme, le tlatlapo ea liofisiri tsa 'muso le matona li lokela ho pepesoa le ho hanyetsoa, ho joalo le ka mekhoa ea khoebo ea ho etsa phaello le bonotši ka litšenyehelo tsa batho ba tloaelehileng ka mekhatlo ea boinotšing, ho theola melao le ho lokolla batho. Empa ho feta moo, re tlameha ho nka boemo bo hlakileng ba ho tobana le pono e bolileng ea lefatše e tšehetsang morero oa neoliberal.
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