E latela haufi-ufi le balekane ba bona ba United States le Borithane, Lefapha la Tšireletso ea Naha la Canada le ntse le lokisetsa masole le liofisiri tsa lona bukana e batsi ea ho loantša bofetoheli.
Bukana ena e tla tataisa lithuto le koetliso ea Canadian Forces nakong e tlang, ho ea ka khatiso e hlophisitsoeng e fumanoeng ke IPS.
Sengoliloeng sa maqephe a 250, bukana ea tšimo e hlalosa melao-motheo le mekhoa ea ho loantša mofuta oa bofetoheli bo tlileng ho hlalosa ntoa bakeng sa mebuso ea Bophirimela lekholong la bo21 la lilemo, libakeng tse kang Chechnya, Afghanistan le Iraq.
Bukana ena e na le lilemo tse peli e ntse e ntlafatsoa 'me e reretsoe ho lokolloa hamorao selemong sena. Ho eona, lintoa tsa bofetoheli li khetholloa ka tšekamelo ea tsona ea ho ba metsamao ea lehae le e ratoang hangata, ho e-na le likhohlano tse tloaelehileng tsa sesole pakeng tsa linaha. Mofuta ona oa lintoa tse sa tloaelehang o ferekantse mabotho a US le NATO Iraq le Afghanistan ka ho latellana, moo bofetoheli bo ntseng bo eketseha bo ammeng baahi ba moo hammoho le masole a Bophirimela, 'me matšoao a katleho a fokola haholo.
Botumo bo ntseng bo eketseha ba thuto ena bo sa tsoa bontšoa ha Gen. David Petraeus, sengoli sa Sesole sa United States le Sesole sa Metsing sa Marine Corps, a nka taelo ea mabotho a US Iraq qalong ea 2007.
Le hoja mohlomong e le ea bohlokoa joaloka pele, ho loantša bofetoheli ha se ntho e ncha, joalokaha buka ea litaelo ea Canada e bolela esale pele. Mabotho a matsoalloa a ile a loana le 'Muso oa Roma Jeremane ea kajeno, Scotland le Middle East lilemo tse likete tse peli tse fetileng. ’Muso oa Brithani o ile oa loantša bofetoheli Afghanistan lekholong la bo19 la lilemo, joalokaha Mafora a ile a etsa Algeria ka mor’a Ntoa ea Bobeli ea Lefatše. US e ile ea ikhula Vietnam ka 1975 kamora ntoa e mabifi e nkileng lilemo tse leshome khahlano le likhukhuni tsa Vietnam.
Maj. DJ Lambert, molaoli oa Canada oa thuto ea sesole ebile e le sengoli se etelletseng pele sa bukana, o qotsitse mehlala e mengata ea litlokotsebe tsa khale tsa Canada, ho kenyeletsoa lintoa le mabotho a US a George Washington kapa Bofetoheli ba Northwest bo etelletsoeng pele ke Louis Riel le Metis ka 1885.
Hajoale, ha thomo ea Canada ea Afghanistan e laola tlhokomelo le lisebelisoa tsa sesole, ho latela bukana, Mabotho a Canada a ikakhetse ka setotsoana maemong a fapaneng a likhohlano le bonyane merusu e meraro e ntseng e tsoela pele - Afghanistan, Haiti, hammoho le mekhatlo ea matsoalloa a lehae. naheng ea Canada, joalo ka Mohawk Warrior Society.
Leha e le "lipheo tsa eona tse ikhethileng le tse fokolang", bofetoheli ba Lichaba tsa Pele naheng ea Canada ke bofetoheli hobane ba phelisoa ke sepheo sa ho fetola likamano tsa lipolotiki le mmuso oa Canada le sebakeng sa lehae - ka har'a boipelaetso ba matsoalloa - "ka tšokelo ea , kapa ho sebelisa pefo,” buka eo e bolela.
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, Mabotho a Canada a 'nile a sebelisoa ke' muso oa koporasi likhohlanong tse phahameng tsa naha le baahi ba matsoalloa le baipelaetsi, ho kenyelletsa le likhohlano tse bolaeang le sechaba sa Mohawk sa Kanehsatake ka 1990 Oka Crisis le sechaba sa Ojibway se Ipperwash ka 1995.
Mabotho a Canada a bile teng motse-moholo oa Haiti, Port-au-Prince, ho tloha pele ho tlosoa ha Mopresidente ea khethiloeng ke batho ba bangata Jean Bertrand Aristide ka phetohelo ea sesole ka February 2004. Ho ea ka buka e hlophisitsoeng, Mabotho a Canada a 'nile a “tšoara COIN [ ho loantša bofetoheli] khahlanong le botlokotsebe bo theiloeng Haiti ho tloha qalong ea 2004.”
Ho tloha ha litlhaselo tsa New York le Washington ka Loetse 2001, Mabotho a Canada a phethile karolo ea bohlokoa ea ntoa Afghanistan, ka bobeli ts'ebetsong e etelletsoeng pele ke US ea Operation Enduring Freedom le thomo ea morao-rao ea NATO ea ho felisa merusu e ntseng e hola khahlano le 'muso o tšehelitsoeng ke Bophirima oa Hamid. Karzai.
Kajeno Afghanistan, Mabotho a Canada a tsoang Royal Canadian Regiment e Gagetown, New Brunswick a ntse a etsa tlolo ea pele e kholo ea NATO ea sehla khahlano le seo ho thoeng ke marabele a Taliban. Code e bitsoang Operation Achilles, thomo e khetholloa ke NATO le liofisiri tsa Canada e le tlhaselo ea pele ho mabotho a Taliban Profinseng ea Helmand bao ho tlalehoang hore ba itokisetsa ho qala "ts'ebetso ea selemo" khahlano le boteng ba mabotho a kantle ho naha.
Maj. Gen. Ton van Loon, molaoli oa NATO karolong e ka Boroa ea Afghanistan, o boletse polelong ea beke ena hore Operation Achilles ke mosebetsi o moholo ka ho fetisisa o kopantsoeng oa NATO-Afghan ho fihlela joale, o kenyelletsang masole a 4,500 a NATO le ho feta 1,000 Afghan National Army mabotho a phahameng ka ho fetisisa.
Ho sa le joalo, sehlopha sa maano a shebaneng le Afghanistan, Lekhotla la Senlis, le lokolitse liphetho tse "tšosang" tsa phuputso bekeng ena e ileng ea etsa lipatlisiso ho batho ba 17,000 ka boroa le bochabela ho Afghanistan. Phuputso e bontšitse hore halofo ea ba arabelitsoeng ba lumela hore ntoa e etelletsoeng pele ke Bophirimela e tla hlōleha ho hlōla Taliban, 'me karolo ea 87 lekholong ea ba arabelitsoeng e lumela hore maqheka a sebelisoang ke mabotho a Bophirimela ho sebetsana le bofetoheli "ha aa nepahala".
"Liphetho tsa lipatlisiso li tšosa haholo hobane li bonts'a hore sechaba sa machabeng se mathateng a maholo Afghanistan," mopresidente oa Lekhotla la Senlis Norine MacDonald o boletse polelong ea Mantaha. "Ho khutlela ha Taliban matleng ho tla ba le litlamorao tse mpe ho batho ba Afghanistan le bakeng sa ts'ireletso ea lefats'e."
Bukana ea ho loantša bofetoheli ke karolo e 'ngoe ea ntlafatso le tlhophiso ea bohlokoa ea Mabotho a Canada ao DND e e lefang e le boiteko ba ho theha matla a atlehang ho loanela "lithahasello tsa naha" tsa Canada tsamaisong ea lefatše ka mor'a Ntoa ea Cold. Empa liphetoho tseo hase tsa thuto feela; matla a ntoa ea Afghanistan ke ntho eo batho ba Canada ba e-so bone ho tloha bonyane lilemong tsa bo-1950, ha Mabotho a Canada a loana Korea.
"Ke nako e monate ea ho ba lesole la Canada," Lt. Gen. Andrew Leslie, hlooho ea sesole, o ile a bolella baqolotsi ba litaba puisanong ea morao-rao ea maano Setsing sa Fraser, setheo sa lipatlisiso se bolokang lintho ka hloko se Vancouver.
Leslie o itse: "Ha re sa le sesebelisoa se hlabang se lumelletsoeng feela ho shebella re le ka thoko kapa ho ikamahanya le lihlopha tse peli tse neng li loana."
Bajenerale ba Canada ba kang Leslie, Mookameli oa Basebetsi Rick Hillier le Maj. Gen. Louis MacKenzie ba tlohetseng mosebetsi ba 'nile ba nyatsa ka ho hlaka ho nepahala le ho sebelisoa ha setšoantšo sa nako e telele sa naha ea sesole sa Canada e le matla a mahareng a sa nke lehlakore le "blue". -helmete” molebeli oa khotso.
Leha boitlamo ba Mabotho a Canada naheng ea Afghanistan hajoale bo reretsoe ho fela ka Hlakola 2009, "Ha re se keng ra ithetsa," ho boletse Gen. Leslie. Lisebelisoa tse ngata tse tsetelitsoeng ke mmuso phetohong ea mabotho a hlometseng a Canada ho hlakile hore ha se tsa Afghanistan feela, o boletse joalo, mme a eketsa: "Hoa utloahala ho lebella hore re tla ea kae-kae ho ts'oana le Afghanistan mme re etse ts'ebetso e ts'oanang. ”
II
Ho se ho fetile nako ea matla a maholo a sesole a loanang lintoa tsa litanka kapa lintoa tsa sefofane tse neng li hlalosa ntoa lekholong la bo20 la lilemo.
Tikoloho e ncha ea sesole hangata ke ntoa e thehiloeng litoropong khahlanong le bahlabani ba sebetsang har'a, 'me hangata ka tšehetso e kholo e tsoang ho baahi ba lehae.
Mofuta ona oa lintoa tsa bofetoheli o tšoaile nako ho tloha qetellong ea Ntoa ea Mantsoe 'me o ile oa hatisoa ke boiteko ba ho laola baahi ba linaha tseo ho thoeng ke "liprofinse tse hlōlehileng" tse sebetsang ntle le 'muso o bohareng, eseng ho hlōloa ha mabotho kapa ho nka libaka ka thata. .
Buka ea litaelo e bolela hore bofetoheli bo susumetsoa ke “mekhopolo ea ho fetola maemo sechabeng” kahoo karabelo “e akarelletsa ho fetang feela ntoa ea sesole.
"Ke mokhoa oa mekhatlo e mengata - ea sesole, ea sesole, ea lipolotiki, ea moruo, ea kelello le ea sechaba - e batlang ho hlōla bafetoheli ka bobona feela, empa lisosa tsa le ho tšehetsa bofetoheli," e re.
Ka mokhoa o ntseng o eketseha, lithuso tsa nts'etsopele li ntse li sebelisoa e le sebetsa sa bohlokoa ho ntšetsa pele matšolo a sesole a khahlano le bofetoheli.
Joalo ka hlooho ea sesole, Lt. Gen. Andrew Leslie, haufinyane o bolelletse baqolotsi ba litaba ba Vancouver, Mokhatlo oa Canada Forces o sebetsa "ka letsoho le batho ba tsoang Setsing sa Nts'etsopele sa Machabeng sa Canada [hammoho le] ho matlafatsa ts'ebetso le boikitlaetso ba linaha tsa kantle ho naha. Litaba.”
Ka puo ea Lefapha la Litaba tsa Kantle ho Naha, kopanyo ena e tsejoa e le "mokhoa oa 3-D" - ts'ireletso, diplomacy le nts'etsopele li sebetsa 'moho ho ntšetsa pele "lithahasello" tsa Canada lefatšeng.
Canada e bonts'itse boemo bona bo bocha ba maano a kantle ho naha Afghanistan, ho seo Setho sa Paramente Michael Ignatieff a se bitsitseng "phetoho ea maikutlo" mme lesole le phahameng la Canada, Rick Hillier, a le hlalositse e le "ponelo-pele ea bokamoso."
Tlhahlobisong e felletseng ea leano le hlahisitsoeng ka pel'a Paramente ka 2005, Lefapha la Ts'ireletso ea Naha le ile la ithorisa ka hore "bokhoni ba ho arabela phephetso ea linaha tse hlolehileng le tse hlolehileng e tla sebetsa e le letšoao bakeng sa Mabotho a Canada."
Khahlanong le bofetoheli ha se ntho e ncha ho hang, 'me lithuto tsa lintoa tse sa tloaelehang tsa nalane - United States e Vietnam, Mabrithani ho Malay, Bofetoheli ba Canada Leboea-Bophirima - li bohlokoa joalo ka mehleng. Leha ho le joalo, ho ea ka sengoli se etelletseng pele sa buka ena, lena ke lekhetlo la pele moo Canada e ngolang ka molao bukana ea tšebetso ea bohanyetsi bakeng sa ho koetlisa masole le liofisiri tsa eona.
Puisanong le IPS, Maj. DJ Lambert, motsamaisi wa thuto ya sesole, o hlalositse tsepamiso ya bukana mabapi le “mokgwa o akaretsang”.
E le ho hlōla merusu ea sebaka ka katleho, "sesole se sebetsa ka letsoho le mekhatlo e meng, e nang le sehlooho se kopanyang le bonngoe ba morero le, ka mokhoa o nepahetseng, boiteko," ho boletse Lambert.
Tlaleho ea morao-rao ea Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) mabapi le merero le lintho tse tlang pele e bolela hore setsi sena "se tla beha litaelo tsa mantlha tsa leano la thuso ea ntlafatso ea Canada ka mokhoa o lumellanang le leano la Canada la kantle ho naha."
CIDA e tsebahatsa "linaha tse tharo tsa bohlokoa ba leano la Canada" - Afghanistan, Haiti le Iraq. Ketsahalong e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe, Canada e har'a linaha tse hlano tse fanang ka liphallelo. E 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea linaha tse tharo tse tlang pele e tobane le mathata a tebileng a ts'ireletso ea batho, mesebetsi ea kantle ho naha, mme - haholo-holo tabeng ea Iraq le Afghanistan - bofetoheli bo ntseng bo eketseha.
Karolo e kholo ea lichelete tsa CIDA ho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea linaha tsena e beheletsoe Sepolesa sa Royal Canadian Mounted Police ho thusa ho koetlisa mapolesa.
Motsamaisi Kakaretso oa Sepolesa sa Machabeng sa RCMP, David Beer, o fane ka bopaki ka pel'a komiti ea Paramente ho elella bofelong ba selemo se fetileng hore mapolesa a Iraq a fetang 34,700 a koetlisitsoe tlasa lenaneo la koetliso le tšehelitsoeng ke Canada naheng ea boahelani ea Jordane.
Beer e ekelitse hore "hoo e ka bang karolo ea 10 lekholong" ea ba ngolisitseng ba koetlisitsoeng ke Canada ba bolailoe tšebeletsong Iraq.
Lisebelisoa tsa ts'ireletso linaheng tsena tse tharo li 'nile tsa nyatsoa ka hohle-hohle ke lihlopha tsa litokelo tsa botho bakeng sa tlhekefetso e atileng.
Kamora ho fumana lithuso tse batlang li le sieo tsa Canada lilemong tsa bo-1990, Afghanistan, ho tloha ka Sep. 11, 2001, e bile moamoheli e moholo oa Canada oa chelete ea ntlafatso.
Ho ea ka CIDA, qetellong ea selemo sa hona joale sa lichelete (2006û2007), "Canada e tla be e tsetetse hoo e ka bang lidolara tse limilione tse 600 [lidolara tse 517,482,000 tsa Amerika] ho tloha ha Taliban e oa". Nakong ea lilemo tse 10 ho qala ka 2001, Canada e tla be e fane ka lidolara tse ka bang limilione tse 862 ho thusa Afghanistan.
Leha e le karoloana feela ea tšebeliso ea sesole, tlatsetso ea thuso ea Canada ho Afghanistan e emela karolo ea bohlokoa ea tekanyetso ea selemo ea CIDA ea lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse 2.5.
Mabotho a Canada a tsamaisitse merero e mengata ea lithuso le CIDA ho pholletsa le Afghanistan tlas'a ts'ehetso ea Lihlopha tsa Kaho E ncha ea Liprofinse. Li-PRT ke lihlopha tse entsoeng ka masole, basebetsi ba lithuso le borakonteraka ba sechaba.
"PRT's ke ts'ebetso e kholo ea melao-motheo e ntle ea ho loantša bofetoheli, ka tšebelisano-'moho le sepheo se arolelanoang mekhatlong e fapaneng," ho boletse Lambert puisanong ea mohala.
PRT-model e ile ea qalisoa ka lekhetlo la pele ke US tlas'a Operation Enduring Freedom bofelong ba 2002. E se e atolositsoe ho pholletsa le Afghanistan, 'me e sa tsoa sebelisoa e le mohlala bakeng sa "surge" ea 20,000 ea tsamaiso ea George W. Bush Iraq. Tsamaiso ea Bush e bitsitse PRT ea Iraq e le "lisebelisoa tse matla tsa ho fihlela leano la rona la ho hanyetsa."
Joalokaha bukana ea litaelo ea Canada ea ho thaepa e hlokomela: “Ha ho bonahale eka ntoa eo e tla fela ka tšohanyetso ka tlhōlo e khōlō ea sesole khahlanong le bafetoheli.” Ho e-na le hoo, “mehato e tloaelehileng ea katleho ke palo ea liketsahalo tse mabifi le boemo ba tšehetso e tloaelehileng bakeng sa ’muso.”
Ka litlaleho tsohle, litekanyetso tseo li ntse li tsoela pele ho senyeha Iraq le Afghanistan.
Tlaleho ea bohlale ba US e qotsitsoeng ka bophara mabapi le Afghanistan e lokollotsoeng qalong ea 2007 e bontšitse spike tlhaselong ea ho ipolaea ho tloha 27 ho 2005 ho 139 ho 2006. Litlhaselo tsa libomo tsa litsela li ile tsa feta habeli ho tloha 783 ho ea 1,677, 'me litlhaselo tse tobileng tse sebelisang libetsa tse nyenyane le liqhomane li ile tsa eketseha hoo e ka bang ka makhetlo a mararo. 4,542 ho tsoa ho 1,558.
Tlaleho ea bekeng ena ea Lekhotla la Senlis e fumane hore tšehetso bakeng sa Taliban e "tsohile" selemong se fetileng le halofo, ha karolo ea 80 lekholong ea ba arabelitsoeng karolong e ka boroa le e ka bochabela ea Afghanistan - pelo ea ntoa ea NATO - e bontšitse matšoenyeho ka ho fepa. malapa.
ZNetwork e tšehelitsoe ka lichelete feela ka seatla se bulehileng sa babali ba eona.
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