BROOKLIN, Canada, (IPS) - Bahlahlobi ba lintho tse phelang ba Antarctic ba sebetsa joaloka masholu a liphoofolo, ba tlatlapa matlotlo a likokoana-hloko a k'honthinente pele mehato ea lefats'e ea ho laola mefuta-futa ea eona e ka etsoa, litsebi li hlokomelisa tlalehong ea Univesithi ea Machaba a Kopaneng e lokollotsoeng ka Mantaha.
"Bio-piracy ea etsahala. Empa bosholu bona ha bo molaong hobane ha ba bo utsoetse mang kapa mang, kaha ha ho na motho ea nang le bona,” ho bolela Sam Johnston oa Setsi sa Advanced Studies sa Univesithi ea U.N.
Likheo ho Antarctic Treaty System e teng hona joale e lumella likokoana-hloko hore li nkoe, li be le tokelo ea molao le ho rekisoa, tlaleho ea mongoli-'moho Johnston o ile a bolella IPS.
Selekane sa Antarctic se thehiloe ka 1961 ho sireletsa k'honthinente ho tlhekefetso e sa laoleheng ea khoebo mesebetsing e kang merafo, sesole kapa beng ba linaha ka kotloloho. Lichaba tse mashome a mararo a metso e robong, tse emelang liperesente tse fetang 80 tsa baahi ba lefatše, li saena, ho kenyeletsoa United Kingdom, United States le Russia.
Litumellano tse ling tse ngata hona joale li kenyelletsa Antarctic Treaty System (ATS).
Le hoja mesebetsi ea khoebo e kang merafo le bohahlauli e thibetsoe kapa e laoloa ka hloko, ha ho letho le ka emisang "bio-prospecting" bakeng sa lintho tse phelang tse ka bang le chelete e ngata.
Maeto a mahlale a ho bokella lintho tse phelang a laoloa ka thata tlas'a ATS, e kenyeletsang mehato e matla ea ho sireletsa tikoloho e pshatlehileng ea Antarctic. Mme ho na le moetlo o molelele oa tšebelisano lipakeng tsa bo-ramahlale, o kenyelletsang ho etsa lipatlisiso tsohle phatlalatsa.
Antarctic e ikhetha lefatšeng ka bophara kaha ha se naha efe kapa efe, Johnston o hlokomela. "E tšoana le khoeli le Mars."
"Lipatente le khoebo li ka fetola seo sohle," oa lemosa.
Josh Stevens, oa Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition (ASOC), e leng sehlopha se entsoeng ka mekhatlo e ikemetseng e ka bang 230 e tsoang linaheng tse 49, o re: “Ho etsa phaello ke ntho e sa tloaelehang ho ATS,” ho bolela Josh Stevens, oa Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition (ASOC), e leng sehlopha se entsoeng ka mekhatlo e ikemetseng e ka bang XNUMX e tsoang linaheng tse XNUMX e bontšitseng tšekamelo ea khoebo e ntseng e eketseha ea saense le tse ling. mesebetsi sebakeng.
"Bio-prospecting e ka theola ntlo eohle ea likarete," Stevens o bolelletse IPS.
Sebaka sena se na le mefuta e mengata e ikhethang ea "li-extremophiles", libōpuoa tse ikamahanyang le maemo a feteletseng moo, ho bolela tlaleho ea Univesithi ea U.N., 'The International Regime For Bio-prospecting: Lipholisi Tse Teng le Mathata a Tsoang ho Antarctica'.
E re lik'hamphani tsa biotechnology ka ho khetheha li ntse li phenya-phenya sebaka sena ka tšepo ea ho fumana likokoana-hloko tse tla ba motheo oa meriana e mecha, metsoako ea indasteri le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa khoebo.
Hona joale, litokelo tsa molao tse ka bang 92 tse buang ka likokoana-hloko tsa Antarctic kapa limolek'hule tse nkiloeng ho tsona li se li kentsoe United States, le tse ling tse 62 Europe.
Li-Enzyme tse nkiloeng ho li-extremophiles libakeng tse ling li fetohile lihlahisoa tsa lidolara tse limilione tse hlatsoang liaparo. Enzyme e 'ngoe ke motheo oa indasteri ea tlhahlobo ea bongaka ea lidolara tse limilione tse 300 le tsa forensics.
Tlaleho e bolela esale pele hore 'maraka oa li-enzyme tsa biotechnology tse nkiloeng ho li-extremophiles o tla hōla ka karolo ea 15¡20 lekholong ka selemo, e leng khōlo eo e leng karolo ea mokhoa o moholoanyane.
Lithekiso tsa selemo le selemo tse tsoang tsebong ea setso ho sebelisoa mehloli ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ke lidolara tse libilione tse tharo bakeng sa indasteri ea litlolo le tlhokomelo ea botho, lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse 20 bakeng sa lefapha la meriana ea limela le lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse 75 bakeng sa indasteri ea meriana.
Liperesente tse mashome a tšeletseng a metso e 'meli tsa litlhare tsa mofetše tse amohetsoeng ke U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ke tsa tlhaho kapa li entsoe ka lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho, ho eketsa tlaleho.
Ka mabaka ao, lik'hamphani li reka kapa li reka laesense ho phethela pokello ea lisebelisoa tsa baeloji ho tsoa maetong a fapaneng a fetileng a Antarctic.
'Me kaha lipatlisiso sebakeng se batang ka ho fetisisa, se thata ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng se bitsa chelete e ngata haholo, lik'hamphani tsa meriana li fumana bo-rasaense ba bangata le mekhatlo e ikemiselitseng ho saena litokelo tsa tumello ea khoebo e le phapanyetsano ea lichelete.
Konteraka e saenneng ka 1995 pakeng tsa Univesithi ea Tasmania le Amrad Natural Products, k'hamphani ea Australia, e fa Amrad tokelo ea ho hlahloba likokoana-hloko tsa Antarctic ho bona hore na li ka sebelisoa ho hlahisa lithibela-mafu tse ncha kapa lihlahisoa tse ling tsa meriana.
Setsi sa lijo sa Europe Unilever se na le tokelo ea molao ea protheine e nkiloeng ho baktheria e fumanoang matšeng a Antarctic letšeng le ka thibelang likristale tsa leqhoa ho bokellana ka ice cream.
Haeba protheine eo e ka fetoha sehlahisoa sa lidolara tse libilione, e ka baka boemo bo nyarosang bakeng sa tsamaiso ea selekane, ho bolela Stevens. "Ha ho na tsela eo ATS e ka mamellang tlhaselo ea khoebo."
Sistimi ena e ne e etselitsoe ho qhelela ka thoko kapa ho thibela likhoebo tsohle tsa khoebo, e le hore linaha tse kang Argentina le Borithane li behelle ka thoko likopo tsohle tsa sebaka sa Antarctic.
Tsamaiso ena e nkoa e le mohlala oa tšebelisano ea machaba. Litumellano tse laolang botebo ba leoatle, khoeli le Mars, tse tla qala ho sebetsa ka 2006, kaofela li thehiloe ho ATS.
Johnston le Stevens ba lumellana hore melaoana ea hlokahala ho laola tlhahlobo ea bioloji ea Antarctic.
Melao ena e ne e tla tlameha ho nahanoa ka hloko e le hore lekhetho le tlhaiso-leseling ea lipatlisiso li arolelanoe har'a litho tsohle tsa selekane ntle le ho sitisa mesebetsi ea khoebo, ho latela tlaleho ea U.N.
Empa Stevens o nahana hore bio-prospecting ha ea lokela ho rekisoa Antarctic.
"U arolelana phaello joang har'a litho?" oa botsa.
“Ha hoa khonahala ho theha mokhoa oa ho arolelana chelete ea ho tšoasa litlhapi sebakeng seo. Ho tla ba thata le ho feta ho etsa lipatlisiso ka lintho tse phelang. ”
O re lik'hamphani li amohelehile ho batla moriana o latelang oa bohlokoa mefuteng ea Antarctic, empa lipatlisiso tseo e ke ke ea e-ba tsa thepa. Stevens o re: “E lokela ho arolelanoa le lefatše. ***** + Tlaleho ea Univesithi ea UN (http://www.ias.unu.edu/binaries/UNUIAS_AntarcticaReport.pdf) +Antarctic le Southern Ocean Coalition (http://www.asoc.org/)
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