Bukeng ea hae ea 2001, Molebeli oa Keke ea Ts'ebetso: Ho phahama ha 'Mojaki ea seng Molaong' le ho Nchafatsoa ha Moeli oa U.S.-Mexico (Routledge), Joseph Nevins o tsepamisitse maikutlo matsapeng a Tsamaiso ea Clinton ho phahamisa ts'ireletso moeling oa U.S.-Mexico.
Buka eo e bontšitse kamoo sepheo seo ho thoeng ke ho fokotsa bojaki ho US ka ho sututsa bajaki ba neng ba ka khona ho tloha "liphasejeng tsa litoropo" ho ea libakeng tse hole feela ho ile ha etsa hore ho tšela ho be kotsi le ho feta, 'me ka hona ho tlatselitse lefung le sa hlokahaleng la mafutsana a Mexico le Ma-Amerika Bohareng. E boetse e hlakisitse hore pele ho lilemo tsa bo-1970, maeto a pakeng tsa Mexico le US e ne e se taba ea naha.
Buka e ncha ea Nevins, Ho Shoa ho Phela: Pale ea U.S. Immigration Nakong ea Apartheid ea Lefatše(City Lights Publishers, 2008), e tsoela pele ka tlhahlobo ea hae ea pejana ea maano a moeli, empa a iketsetsa tlhahlobo ea eona ka ho sheba pale e bohloko ea monna e mong oa lelapa ea sebetsang ka thata, Julio Cesar Gallegos, ea hlokahetseng le banna ba bang ba bahlano le moroetsana a le mong ka 1998. Lehoatateng la Imperial Valley ea California Boroa.
Julio, le hoja ka botekgeniki “a se molaong,” o ne a ntse a lula le ho sebetsa East Los Angeles ho tloha ka 1993. Boemo ba tšohanyetso ba lelapa bo ile ba etsa hore Julio a khutlele motseng oa habo o bohareng Mexico; o ne a leka ho khutla moo ho mosali oa hae ea lulang L.A., a US moahi, le mora oa bona e monyenyane, ha eena le ba tsamaeang le eena ba shoa. Ha setopo sa hae se fumanoa se ne se chesitsoe hoo se neng se bonahala se chesitsoe.
Ho shoa ho Phela li-interweaves tse ngolisitsoeng ka hloko ka histori ea bajaki ba Mexico ho ea US ka pale ea mathata a lelapa la Gallegos. Nevins e fana ka tlaleho ea tlhekefetso ea khethollo ea morabe le tlhekefetso ea molao ea batho ba Mexico naheng eo. US, le ho hatisa sebaka seo e bileng karolo ea linaha tse leshome (Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Wyoming, Colorado, Kansas, Utah, Nevada, 'me California) e kenyelelitsoe ho US feela kamora Washington hlaseloa le ho lula Mexico City.
Nevins e pepesa bodemona bo feteletseng ba basele bo 'nileng ba busa US lipolotiki ho tloha ka September 11, 2001 litlhaselo tsa Al Qaeda. Har'a mantsoe a qotsitsoeng a tšoenyang haholo ke polelo ea 2006 e tsoang ho Congressman Tom Tancredo oa Colorado (ea ileng a emela khetho ea mopresidente oa Rephabliki ea 2008): "Ba bangata ba tšelang moeli ke basebetsi. Empa har’a bona ho na le batho ba tlang ho tla bolaea ’na le uena le bana ba hao.”
'Nete ke hore batho ba bolaoang ke baeti ba futsanehileng ba Latino. Ho tloha bohareng ba lilemo tsa bo-1990, litopo tse fetang 5,000 XNUMX tsa bafalli li ile tsa fumanoa libakeng tsa moeli oa U.S.-Mexico.
Ho fapana le maikutlo a khothaletsoang ke Fox News, batho bana ba ne ba sa tle ho US ho tsoa ho sa tsotellehe. Ba ne ba baleha tokisetso ea moruo e neng e ba tsoile tlaase. Ha Tumellano ea Khoebo ea mahala ea Amerika Leboea e tšehelitsoe ke Clinton (NAFTA) e ile ea rekisoa lilemong tsa bo-1990 e le selekane se tšehetsang kholo e neng e tla "phahamisa likepe tsohle," nako e bontšitse hore phaello. NAFTAe hlahisoang bakeng sa likhoebo tse khōlō ha ea ka ea theohela ho batho ba futsanehileng le ba maemo a mahareng ka mahlakoreng a mabeli a moeli.
Puisanong ea morao tjena, Nevins o ile a qotsa phuputso ea Carnegie Endowment for International Peace e fumaneng hore “pakeng tsa lilemo tsa 1994 le 2002, lihoai kapa basebetsi ba Mexico ba ka bang limilione tse 1.3 ba ile ba falla ka lebaka la khaello ea khoebo e neng e hlahisitsoe haholo ke NAFTA. "
Nevins o ile a botsa, “Batho baa ba ea kae? Hantle, ba ka 'na ba leka ho ea metseng ea Mexico, empa tšepiso ea NAFTA ho eketsa ts'ebetso ea indasteri haholo Mexico ha ho mohla e kileng ea e-ba teng. Ho isa tekanyong eo e neng e e-na le eona kae kapa kae, e ne e le libakeng tsa moeli, empa ha ea ka ea e-ba teng ka ho lekaneng. 'Me ka nako e ts'oanang, ehlile, bongata ba li-maquiladora tsena, lifeme, li fallela ho tsona China, kahoo ba qetella ba tla libakeng tse kang New York City, Oakland, California kapa libaka tsa mahaeng tsa Wisconsin. "
Sengoloa sa Nevins se tlatselletsoa ke linepe tse matla tsa Mizue Aizeki, tse totobatsang botho ba mantlha ba batho ba futsanehileng ba lebisitsoeng ke xenophobic. US maano a sesole malibohong. Buka ena ke pheko e phethahetseng ea mantsoe a lehloeo a utluoang bosiu le motšehare radiong ea lepheo le letona la AM. E bontša ka boqhetseke bohlokoa ba bonngoe le batho ba futsanehileng ba lefang theko ea ho etsa phaello ea khoebo nakong ea NAFTA le litumellano tse ling tse joalo tse khelosang tse bitsoang “khoebo e sa lefelloeng”.
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Ho Shoa ho Phela: Pale ea US Bojaki Mehleng ea Apartheid ea Lefatše
ka Joseph Nevins, ho nka lifoto ka Mizue Aizeki
Bula Libuka tsa Media Series/ City Lights Books
lintlha tse ngotsoeng mona: http://www.citylights.com/book/?GCOI=87286100601600
www.citylights.com
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