Le ka mohla u se ke ua khella fatše ho hloka tšepo le nyeliso ea batho ba nang le kelello—esita le ba ka ho le letšehali ka lebitso. Nka rahistori ea tummeng oa Borithane oa halofo kapa oa morao-rao oa Marxist Perry Anderson. Ka boitsebiso bo boholo Tlhahlobo e ncha ea Left Sengoloa se mabapi le boemo bo laoloang ke khoebo ba lipolotiki tsa US nakong ea neoliberal Obama nakong ea selemo se fetileng, Anderson o ile a fana ka maikutlo a nyarosang ho batho ba bangata ba sebetsang ba mamellang taolo ea lipolotiki e laoloang ke khoebo ea United States - taelo e thehiloeng ke seo Anderson a se bitsitseng " bokahohle ba likhopolo tsa bo-capitalist—e leng sebaka sa kelello seo ho sona khalalelo ea thepa ea botho le bophahamo ba likhoebo tse ikemetseng e leng linnete tse nkoang habobebe ke matla ’ohle lepatlelong la lipolotiki.” Ho hlakile hore Anderson o ne a sa khahloe ke baahi ba US. O ngotse: “Ho tla fihlela joale, ho bile le boipelaetso bo fokolang bo tsebahalang.” Ho feta moo: “Boiteko bo le bong ba ho e tsosa, e leng mokhatlo oa Occupy, bo ile ba hlōleha ho tsosa karabelo leha e le efe ea bongata. Le ha mapetjo a eona a ne a fetoleloa habonolo ka har'a sejana sa bopresidente, ba ne ba ntse ba e-na le palo e fokolang feela. Letšolo le totobatsang boikhohomoso le boithati ba barui, ba mothofalitsoeng ke mohanyetsi oa hae oa bilione, le ile la boloka Obama setulong. Empa ha ea ka ea etsa hore ho be le keketseho e tsebahalang.
Ba fokolang ba itšoenye ka ho khetha ho feta ka 2008; motho ea neng a le setulong o ile a lahleheloa ke batšehetsi ba ka bang limilione tse ’nè; mohanyetsi oa hae o ile a fumana halofo ea milione. Joalo ka ba pele ho eena, mopresidente o ile a khutlela White House ka tumello ea hoo e ka bang kotara ea batho ba baholo. Maikutlo a ka sehloohong a tsoela pele e se khalefo, kapa cheseho; e ntse e le khutso e seng ea lipolotiki…. Sebaka sena sa motheo sa ho iphapanya ka bongata ke sona se fanang ka matla a manyane tsamaisong ea lipolotiki ho feta palo ea bona…. Sebakeng se sengata se entsoeng ke batho ba bangata—baahi ba sa hlophisehang, ba se nang tlhophiso ba qhalakaneng k’honthinenteng e khōlō—lithahasello tsa ba fokolang, ba nang le takatso le mekhoa ea ho bokella, ba nka matla a ikhethang, ba anngoeng ke boshoa bo ba potolohileng” (Perry Anderson , “Naha ea habo,” Tlhahlobo e Ncha ea Le letšehali 81, May-June 2013).
Tatellano ea Liketsahalo le Litlhaloso tse Hlollang
Na Occupy e hlile e "hlolehile ho tsosa karabelo ea batho ba bangata?" Mashome a likete a baahi le baitseki ba thehile liahelo tsa Occupy litoropong le litoropong tse makholo ho pholletsa le United States hang ha pale e qhoma mabapi le ho hapa Zucotti Park e tlase Manhattan hoetla ka 2011. Joalo ka ha mohlalosi Glen Ford a boletse qalong. Mphalane oa selemo seo, "Joaloka Letšoao la lipolotiki la Andromeda, ts'ebetso e khahlano le Wall Street e iketselitse libakeng tse sekete, e leng mokhoa oa lets'oao le ts'oanang le 'mapa o mocha oa ts'ebeletso ea mehala ea mehala e atlehileng."
Ke hobane’ng ha ba boholong ’musong ba ka be ba ile ba ikutloa ba tlamehile ho felisa mokhatlo o tummeng o neng o hlōlehile ho hlohlelletsa tšehetso le karabelo leha e le efe ea bongata? Tatellano ea liketsahalo tsa Anderson e hlakotse khatello e neng e atisa ho ba sehlōhō ea Occupy e ileng ea etella pele ho nkeloa sebaka ke mokha o moholo o neng o tsepamisitse maikutlo ho bakhethoa ba chelete le "boikutlo ba likhetho tsa quadrennial" (Noam Chomsky) joalo ka pale ea litaba ea sechaba ho elella bofelong ba 2011.
Ha ho na ho bolela hore na Occupy e kanna ea tsoela pele joang, empa bakeng sa khatello ea mmuso ea sepolesa e hokahantsoeng e ile ea tobana le naha ka bophara, e tsamaisoang ke tšebelisano e nyane ea mmuso. Joalo ka ha setsebi sa moruo se ntseng se tsoela pele Jeff Madrick a hlokometse ho Harper's pejana selemong sena, ha re ngola ka New York City feela, “mokhatlo ona o ile oa etsolloa ke boiteko bo kopanetsoeng ba ’muso [oa mebuso e mengata] ho bo etsolla…. Ha li kopane, liketso tse hokahaneng le tse sa lekanyetsoang tsa NYPD, FBI, le Ts'ireletso ea Lehae li emela lets'olo la khatello ntle le leo Occupy e ka beng e bile ntho e makatsang le ho feta mariha a New York City ("The Fall and Rise). ea Occupy Wall Street," Harper's, Hlakubele 2013). 'Me seo e neng e le' nete New York City e ne e le sa bohlokoa ebile e le 'nete mabapi le se etsahetseng ho pholletsa le naha. Mongoli ea ka letsohong le letšehali Chris Hedges o nepile ha a hlokomela “hore ho sa tsotellehe hore na ke liphoso life tse ka hare tsa mokhatlo oa Occupy—’me li ne li le teng—mokhatlo oa Occupy o ile oa senngoa. Naha e ile ea ferekanngoa ke mokhatlo oa Occupy 'me e ikemiselitse ho se lumelle mokhatlo o joalo oa batho hore o tsohe hape" (Chris Hedges, "America ke Tinderbox," The Real News Network, Phupu 4, 2013).
Perry Anderson o ne a se na khoebo ea ho bolela hore o e fumana e le sesupo sa khutso ea Maamerika e tloaelehileng ea hore kabo ea Obama ea (tse ling tsa) lipuo tsa Occupy e ile ea hloleha ho "khothatsa ho phahama ho hoholo." E tsamaellana le kamano ea nako e telele lipakeng tsa mekhatlo ea maemo le lifaele tsa sechaba le Democratic Party nalaneng ea US (Lance Selfa, Mademokrate: Nalane e Bohlokoa, Haymarket, 2008) kabo ea khang e ne e reretsoe ho kopanya, ho hapa, le ho khella boipelaetso bo tsebahalang—ke hore, ho kenya khalefo e tloaelehileng likhethong tse moqotetsane tse fanoang ke mokha le tsamaiso ea likhetho ea US e laoloang ke batho ba phahameng sechabeng le e laoloang ke likhoebo.
Ha e le ho kenya letsoho ha batho ba fokolang likhethong tsa 2012, hobaneng kapa joang e bile bopaki ka tsela efe kapa efe ea ho ba sieo ha boipelaetso le khalefo e tsebahalang US? Moqoqo oa Anderson o bile oa fana ka tlhaloso e hlakileng ea hore na phehisano e amohelehang e fokotsehile hakae pakeng tsa mekhatlo e 'meli e meholo ea lipolotiki ea United States le bonkgetheng ba bona. Ho ne ho bonahala a tseba ka botlalo hore boipolelo ba Obama ba ho emela "99%" khahlano le "1%" e ne e le lets'olo le monate, le tsamaellanang le tlhaloso ea pele ea Christopher Hitchens ea "moko oa lipolotiki tsa Amerika" e le "ho qhekella. populism ka elitism." Ka hona, Anderson o ne a se na lebaka la ho hlahisa ho hloleha ho voutela Brand Obama ea tsoetseng pele ka 2012 e le sesupo sa ho se tsotelle le ho khutsa. MaAmerika a mangata a fumanang "likhetho" tse fanoang ke mekha e meholo li patisane haholo hore li ka lokeloa ho nka karolo li ngolisa boipelaetso ba mefuta ea ho se voute.
Boipelaetso bo Beyond Occupy, 2009 ho fihlela Hona joale
Occupy ha se eona feela teko ea ho tsosa boipelaetso bo tummeng ba US bo hlahileng lilemong tsa Obama. Ha re tlohella lepheo le letona, ho phatloha ha "Tea Party" e tšehelitsoeng ka lichelete tsa 2009 le 2010 - Astroturf, fake-grassroots, pseudo-movement eo (leha ho le joalo) e hapileng khalefo ea 'nete e tsebahalang - baitseki ba tsoelang pele ba amanang le Connecticut Working Families. Mokha o ile oa ipelaetsa ka libonase tsa Wall Street le li-bailout malapeng a batsamaisi ba American Insurance Group (AIG) le ofising ea AIG e Connecticut ka Hlakubele 2009. Selemong sona seo ho ile ha hlaha boipelaetso bo boholo ba baithuti le mafaphari khahlanong le ho fokotsoa ha lichelete le ho phahama ha lithuto. ho pholletsa le tsamaiso ea Univesithi ea California. A Time ho tsoa California ka Hlakubele 2009 ho kenyelletsa tlaleho e makatsang ho tsoa khamphaseng ea Perry Anderson ea UCLA: "Nakong ea matsatsi a mabeli a boipelaetso UCLA moo liofisiri tsa UC li kopaneng ho vouta ka keketseho ea litefiso, baithuti ba ka bang 2,000 ba tsoang setsing sa 10-campus ba ile ba tobana le mapolesa a merusu. , ba hoeletsa mapetjo, ’me ba thiba litsela tsa ho tsoa mehahong. Joalo ka se etsahetseng lilemong tsa khalefo tsa bo-1960, baithuti ba ile ba hloa mekoallo 'me ba hapa moaho o haufi le moaho o moholo oa khamphase. Mapolesa a sebelisitse lithunya tsa taser ho baipelaetsi ba 'maloa mme a tšoara ba ka bang 20.
Ka nako ena eohle, lihelikopthara tsa mapolesa li ne li ntse li fofa holimo, liveni tsa TV li ne li eme li itokisitse, 'me baithuti ba ne ba letsa meropa le likatara tse llang…. Seteraekeng sa ho dula fatshe se thibetseng dikoloi ho tloha, moetapele wa baithuti ba UCLA Michael Hawley o buile ka lenaka la hae, 'Re batla regent e le nngwe ho tla bua le rona mabapi le hore na ke hobaneng ha naha e ruileng ka ho fetisisa lefatsheng e tla hanela baithuti ba bang thuto e phahameng kotareng e tlang. ' Mapolesa a ile a araba ka ho bolella baipelaetsi hore ba na le metsotso e meraro hore ba tsamaee pele ba tšoaroa. Joale, ha ba etsa lekhalo le fofang, mapolesa a ile a isa sehlopha se senyenyane sa liofisiri moahong o mong…. Ntle le boipelaetso bo bongata ba UCLA, baithuti ba UC Davis, UC Berkeley, le UC Santa Cruz ba ile ba lula meahong ho bontša hore ha ba thabele keketseho ea litefiso” (Kevin O'Leary, "Tuition Hikes: Protests California le Libakeng Tse Ling," Time, November 21, 2009).
Ho na le tse ling tse ngata. Ka April selemong se latelang, CNN e ile ea tlaleha hore baipelaetsi ba likete ba hlophisitsoeng ke AFL-CIO “ba ile ba kopana bohareng ba New York City ho bontša khalefo ea bona ka seo ba se nkang e le karolo eo Wall Street le libanka tse khōlō li e phethileng mathateng a moruo a Amerika. Ha ba tsamaea ho tloha City Hall ho ea Wall Street, baipelaetsi ba ile ba bina “mesebetsi e metle bakeng sa bohle,” ’me ba tšoara matšoao a nang le melaetsa e akarelletsang ‘Holisa libanka boikarabello,’ ‘Make Wall Street Pay,’ le ‘Reclaim America’” ( Baipelaetsi ba Theoha Wall Street, New York City Banks,” CNN, April 30, 2010).
Sefefo se matla sa libeke tse ngata sa boipelaetso bo makatsang le bo iqapetsoeng, ba pro-labor (ho kenyeletsoa ho lula ha moaho o moholo oa naha) khahlano le maano a khahlano le kopano le lenaneo la bokhopo la 'musisi oa Teapublican oa Wisconsin Scott Walker o hapile tlhokomelo ea naha le ea lefats'e. ka Hlakola le Hlakubele 2011. Merusu ea Wisconsin e ile ea bokella batšehetsi ba etileng ba likete ba tsoang naheng eohle. E ile ea namela ho li-capitols tsa naha Indiana, Ohio le Michigan. Madison o ile a thusa ho khothatsa Bloombergville, sebaka sa kampo se thehiloeng ho ipelaetsa ka ho se be teng ha lichelete New York City e faneng ka borokho lipakeng tsa ntoa ea Wisconsin le Occupy Wall Street. Ha re ntse re le tseleng re bone hape:
- ho phahama ha mekhatlo ea naha khahlano le ho koaloa ha likolo tse se nang kelello tsa neoliberal le liteko tse amanang le "matla a phahameng" a likolo tsa sechaba.
- palo e kholo ea bahlabani ba hanyetsanang le imperialism ea sesole le ho ikopanya ha lichaba tsa lefatše likopanong tse kopantsoeng tsa NATO le G8 (ho sa tsotellehe pontšo e tsotehang ea matla a matla a khatello ea theknoloji e phahameng ke naha ea mapolesa a naha le ea lehae le a ikemetseng. lilekane tsa ts'ireletso) Chicago (Obama o ile a tlameha ho tsamaisa seboka sa bobeli ho Camp David ka lebaka la tšabo ea hae ea boipelaetso bo bongata ka May 2012)
- mokhatlo oa naha o khahlano le ho koeteloa ha libanka tsa matlo a maemo a tlase le a basebetsi
- boipelaetso bo boholo (bo kenyellelitseng mashome a likete a bamantši ho pholletsa le naha, ho kenyeletsoa le baipelaetsi ba 50,000 Los Angeles, ka la 1 Mots'eanong, 2010) khahlano le Arizona's draconian anti-immigrant Senate Bill 1070.
- palo e kholo ea boipelaetso khahlanong le moroalo o tlase le o mobe oa lekhetho le ts'ireletso e 'ngoe e natefeloang ke libanka tse etelletseng pele le mekhatlo e kang Wells Fargo le General Electric libakeng tse ngata mathoasong a 2011.
- boipelaetso bo khahlano le tlhekefetso ea sepolesa le profilling ea merabe California (ho kenyeletsoa le merusu ea Anaheim kamora ho thunngoa ha mapolesa a bacha ba Latino selemong se fetileng) le New York City (sebaka sa mohoanto o moholo o khutsitseng khahlano le leano la "stop and frisk" la toropo nakong ea selemo sa 2012)
- mokhatlo o ntseng o hola oa batho ba buang le ho ema ho ipelaetsa ka tšebeliso ea li-drones ke United States Afrika, Middle East le Asia, hammoho le United States.
- mosebetsi oa batšoaruoa le tlala naheng ea Georgia le California
- mekoloko e meholohali le lipontšo tse khahlano le polao ea morabe ea Trayvon Martin le kahlolo ea lekhotla e ileng ea hlakola 'molai oa Martin.
- boipelaetso bo boholo mabapi le phetoho ea maemo a leholimo le Pipeline ea Keystone XL ea eco-cidal, ho kenyelletsa le leeto le leholo (50,000) ho White House ka Hlakubele e fetileng.
Re bone "ho hlaha ha CORE mokha o hatelang pele o hlotseng ka har'a Chicago Teacher's Union, CTU, le ho eketseha ha sesole sa CTU ho loants'a ho koaloa ha likolo, ts'ebetso ea boinotšing le boiketlo bo hlahisitseng sechaba se secha sa basebetsi. selekane se fanang ka tšepiso e kholo ho feta eng kapa eng eo re e boneng toropong ena ka mashome a lilemo” (moitseki oa Chicago, Richard Reilly). Hoetla ho fetileng, bosiung ba likhetho tsa mopresidente, CTU e tsoelang pele e sebelisitse matla a popoliri eo a e hlahisitseng ka selekane seo ho fumana litumello tse kholo ho tsoa ho ramotse oa neoliberal oa toropo le mookameli oa mehleng oa Obama Rahm Emmanuel. Seteraeke sa 2012 sa matichere sa Chicago se tsepamisitse maikutlo haholo lets'olo la ba phahameng khoebong la ho ntšetsa pele liteko tse lekantsoeng tsa "bokhoni le ho phunya" e le mokhoa oa mantlha oa ho lekola matichere, baithuti, likolo le thuto ka kakaretso (Lee Sustar, Ho Khutlela Chicago: Kamoo Matichere a Ileng a Itse Holong ea Motse le ho Sutumelletsa Thuto ea "Reform,” Haymarket Books, 2013).
Lilemong tse tharo tse fetileng, basebetsi ba makholo ba setsi sa mabenkele se tummeng hampe sa Wal-Mart ba bile le literaeke tsa letsatsi le le leng, ho kenyeletsoa le selemong se fetileng ka Black Friday, e leng letsatsi le leholo ka ho fetisisa la ho reka ka selemo. Lipontšong tse neng li tšoaretsoe litoropong tse 15 tsa US ka Loetse e fetileng, basebetsi le baitseki ba ikopantseng le OUR Wal-Mart ba tšepisitse ho etsa seteraeke se seholo ka ho fetisisa se kileng sa etsahala khahlano le Wal-Mart ka Labohlano le Letšo (letsatsi le hlahlamang la Thanksgiving) selemong sena. Hape ho qala pele moqoqo oa Anderson o phatlalatsoa le ho tsoela pele lehlabuleng la 2013, "Fight for 15" e hlahile. Liketekete tsa basebetsi ba lijo tse potlakileng le tsa mabenkele ba ile ba tsamaea le ho otla lehlabuleng lena, ba batla ho imena habeli ho moputso oa bona o tlase, o ka tlase ho matšeliso ao motho a ka a fumanang. Batho ba likete ba sebetsang lijong tse potlakileng ba kentse letsoho mokhatlong o nkileng matla ho tsoa mohlaleng oa Occupy.
As New York Times Moqolotsi oa litaba oa basebetsi Steven Greenhouse o hlokometse ka mor'a ho tsamaea joalo ka Phupu e fetileng, "Ho tloha New York ho ea litoropong tse 'maloa tsa Bophirima-bophirima ... ba] ikemiselitse…ho bokella basebetsi—ka nako e le ’ngoe—ka har’a litoropo tse ngata lireschorenteng tse makholo ho tsoa ho liketane tse mashome a mabeli” (“A Day’s Strike to Raise Fast-Food Pay,” New York Times, Phupu 31, 2013). Moitseki oa lijo tse potlakileng oa New York City Jonathan Westin o bolelletse Guardian hore "Occupy e thusitse ho phahamisa taba ea ho se lekane 'me ea susumetsa mokhatlo oohle oa boipelaetso. Empa ena ke mokhoa o tobileng haholoanyane oa ketso. Re etsa literaeke tsena naheng ka bophara. Batho ba tlameha ho ea literateng hore ba utluoe. Ke seo re se bonang mme ke ka lebaka leo sena se etsahalang naheng ka bophara” (Edward Helmore, “US Fast-Food Workers in Vanguard of Growing Protests ka ‘Starvation Wages,” the Guardian(Phato 10, 2013).
Bofelong ba Phato le mathoasong a Loetse selemong sena, Obama o ile a tobana le khanyetso e kholo ea sechaba mererong ea hae — e ntseng e emisitsoe hona joale — ea ho hlasela Syria ka metsu le libomo. MaAmerika a limilione a setseng, ka ho le letona le setsing a ikopanye le baemeli ba bona ba congressional le White House ho hlahisa maikutlo a bona a ho hanyetsa ntoa. Mokhatlo o mocha o khahlanong le ntoa o ile oa tsosoa ka lebaka la tlhaselo ea morao-rao ea sesole ea mopresidente. Liberal Congressperson Alan Grayson (D-FL) o bitsa ho thibeloa ha sesole sa US Syria "tlhōlo e kholo ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa mokhatlo oa khotso ho tloha qetellong ea Ntoa ea Vietnam."
Batho ba Loana ka tlas'a Radar ea Media
Ha a bua le Bill Moyers ka Mphalane ona, rasaense oa lipolotiki oa tokoloho Peter Dreirer o boletse ka nepo hore, "ho na le bopaki bo bongata naheng ka bophara ... ba hore batho ba itoanela khahlanong le likhoebo tse kholo le tokelo." Dreirer o qotsitse mehlala e mengata ea morao-rao le e tsoelang pele:
- boikitlaetso bo entsoeng ke ramotse ea ntseng a tsoela pele le lekhotla la toropo ea Richmond, California (e tšehelitsoeng ke baitseki ba sechaba le basebetsi ba hlophisitsoeng) ho sebelisa sebaka se hlahelletseng ho nka mekoloto ea ka tlas'a metsi ea baahi ba lehae ho tsoa litsing tsa lichelete tsa Wall Street le ho rekisa mekoloto eo ho beng ba matlo ba lehae ka mokhoa o utloahalang. litefiso
- boiteko bo atlehileng ba ho kopanya basebetsi ba 500 ba tsamaiso ea likhoerekhoere Atlanta, Georgia
- ntoa ea Wal-Mart le moputso oa basebetsi ba lijo tse potlakileng
- lets'olo le atlehileng la Teamsters Union le Sierra Club ho hloekisa Port of Los Angeles, ho theha maemo a bophelo bo botle bakeng sa bakhanni ba literaka ba boema-kepe ba tsoang linaheng tse ling.
- lets'olo la mantlha le etellang mmuso oa toropo ea Seattle, Washington (Sea Tac) ho hlahisa moputso o tlase oa $ 15 ka hora.
- motsamao o ntseng o hola oa khamphase oa baithuti ba batlang hore liunivesithi le likoleche li itokolle ho mafura a lintho tsa khale (likholetjhe tse ling tse nyane li se li qalile liketso tsa ho kheloha)
- lehlabuleng la libeke tse 'ne tsa 2013 ofising ea' Musisi oa Florida ke makholo a baithuti ba batsho, ba Latino le ba basoeu (The Dream Defenders) ba batlang hore ho felisoe litsebo tsa merabe le molao o mabifi oa ho "ema" naheng eo.
- Boipelaetso bo tloaelehileng ba beke le beke ba "Moral Monday" kantle ho capitol ea setereke sa North Carolina, ho ngolisa khanyetso ea basebetsi, bolumeli le litokelo tsa botho molemong oa lepheo le letona la mmuso oa naha eo (Moyers le Dreirer, "Saving Democracy is Up to Citizen Activists," Moyers & Company. , October 25, 2013)
Ka tlaleho ea Dreirer, “Letšolo la Richmond, CA le hlanyetsa Wall Street. Libanka tse kholo joalo ka Wells Fargo le lifeme tsa taolo ea chelete joalo ka PIMCO le Blackrock li sebelisitse lisebelisoa tse ngata ho ts'oara, liqoso le matšolo a litaba ho thibela merero ea toropo. Baa tseba hore beng ba matlo ba Amerika ba fetang limilione tse leshome ba khangoa ke mekoloto ea ka tlas'a metsi le hore Richmond ke se seng sa 'libaka tse chesang'….. Haeba [batšehetsi]…le balekane ba bona ba khona ho hanana le Wall Street e Richmond, mohopolo o tla ata kapele. metseng e meng. 'Re ts'epa hore toropo ea rona e fana ka mohlala bakeng sa litoropo tse ling,' ho bolela ramotse oa Richmond Gayle McLaughlin, 'le hore ona e tla ba mokhatlo oa naha'” (Huffington Post, Mphalane 28, 2013).
Dreirer a ka be a hlokometse seteraeke sa morao-rao se atlehileng sa matsatsi a mane (khahlanong le mekhoa e sa lokang ea basebetsi) San Francisco le ts'ebetso ea morao-rao ea ofisi ea Washington ea Moemeli oa Khoebo oa U.S. Tumellano ea kopanelo e ntse e buisanoa ke tsamaiso ea Obama. Hape re lokela ho elelloa, bonkgetheng ba babeli ba bososhiale ka ho hlaka ba hokahaneng le sehlopha sa Marxist Socialist Alternative (SA) ba ntse ba tsoela pele ka matšolo a nang le monyetla oa ho hlola litulo tsa lekhotla la toropo metseng e 'meli e meholo ea Amerika (Seattle le Minneapolis) hoetla hona. (ha sengoloa sena se il'o hatisa mokhethoa oa Seattle o ne a bonahala a le haufi le ho hlola palo ea likhetho tsa ho qetela).
Boipelaetso bona le khanyetso li etsahala haholo tlas'a skrine ea radar ea mecha ea litaba ea khoebo, ho fapana le "motsamao" oa batho ba seng ba nnete oa "Tea Party" - ntho e matlafatsang lehloeo le nyatsehang la barutehi ba maemo a phahameng joalo ka Perry Anderson. Batho ba sebetsang, liithuti le baitseki, “ba itoanela khahlanong le Wall Street. Ba inkela maphelo a bona matsohong. Mme seo se etsahala naheng ka bophara, ”ho bolela Dreirer. “[Empa]…ha u bone sena ho New York Times letsatsi le letsatsi. Ha u bone sena ho Wall Street Journal kapa ho Washington Post…. U bona likotoana tsa eona, empa u bona Mokete oa Tee letsatsi le leng le le leng [hobane] ba na le mochini oa phatlalatso o moholo…. Empa ts'ebetso ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea motheo ha e u fe maikutlo a hore ho na le mokhatlo naheng eohle, o ntseng o eketseha. seterekeng se seng le se seng sa naha.” ("Saving Democracy").
Rea u amohela phetolelong ea lekholong la bo21 la lilemo ea seo rahistori ea matla le moitseki Howard Zinn a ileng a se hlalosa lilemong tsa bo-1990 e le "Khanyetso e sa Tlalehiloeng." Lentsoe lena le bolela mesebetsi ea limilione tsa Maamerika, "haholo-holo e sa tlalehoa ke boralitaba," ba "hanang ... ka mafolofolo kapa ka khutso, ho tsamaisana le" naha e busang "litumellano tse phahameng tsa mekhatlo, sesole, le mekha e meholo" (Zinn , Lekholo la Mashome a Mabeli: Histori ea Batho, 1998).
Hape re amohelehile ho seo rasaense oa lipolotiki ea letšehali Anthony DiMaggio re ileng ra se tsebahatsa lilemong tse tharo tse fetileng e le phapang pakeng tsa "boipelaetso bo sa lokelang" le "boipelaetso bo sa lokelang" mecheng ea litaba tsa khoebo ea US. Lintoa tsa 'nete tse tsebahalang tse botsang le ho tobana le leruo le matla le "ho hana ho inehela monyetla oa sechaba se lekanang, se nang le botho haholoanyane" (Zinn) li nkuoa li sa tšoanelehe 'me li fumana karohano e khutšoane mecheng ea litaba. Mekhatlo ea boikaketsi ea sechaba e lumellanang le litlhoko le maikutlo a barui le ba matla e fumana litaba tse ngata tse monate le litlhaloso. Mokete oa Tea ke mohlala o hlakileng oa "motsamao" o oelang ka har'a boipelaetso bo amohelehang (bo loketseng) mahlong a mecha ea litaba (Street le DiMaggio, Ho senya Mokete oa Tea: Mecha ea litaba ea 'Misa le Letšolo la ho Nchafatsa Lipolotiki tsa Amerika, 2011).
“Ho Kopanya Batho”
Ha se taba feela ea boipelaetso le ntoa ea lipolotiki. Naheng ka bophara, Maamerika a kentse letsoho boitekong ba ho aha sechaba le setso sa demokrasi ho tloha tlase ho ea tlase, sekheong sa ho lahloa ha neoliberal ho etelletsoeng pele ke lichelete. Tlaleho ea morao-rao e tsoang ho Detroit e sa sebetseng hantle, e senyehileng licheleteng e pheta pale e makatsang ea katleho e patehileng, e tebileng sechabeng le moruong tlas'a tlaleho ea molao ea motse oo ea ho hlōleha: “U lumele kapa che, linako tse mpe ka ho fetisisa li tseleng ea ho fetoha ntho e susumetsang e le kannete. . Ho itšehla thajana ha Detroit ho thehile maemo bakeng sa ... paradigm e ncha ea ts'ebetso ea moruo…. Ke bo-'m'e ba se nang balekane ba otlolla lidolara ho tsoa mananeong a mmuso bakeng sa mafutsana ka boqhetseke le kamoo ba ka khonang. Ke mabenkele a ho lokisa likoloi le li-dinner tsa kereke seterateng. E tsoa libukeng tsa tlhokomelo ea bana lapeng. Ke seo Maafrika-Maamerika a tlamehang ho se etsa melokong e mengata ho etsa tsela ntle le tsela…. Hape ke li-scrappers tse ntseng li reka hape koporo, lehong le senyehileng le lihlahisoa tse ling tsa bohlokoa tse siiloeng ke ho lahloa ha matlo, mabenkele le lifeme…. Mokhatlo o phelang, o phefumolohang oa Detroit o kenella moetlong o tebileng oa lipolotiki oa Detroit oa bobuelli bakeng sa toka ea moruo le ea sechaba. E ipapisitse haholo le tlhahlobo ea lipono tse telele tsa lilemo tse mashome tsa mofu James Boggs le Grace Lee Boggs ea lilemo li 98” (Frank Joyce, "Pale ea 'Nete ea Moruo oa Detroit," Salon, Loetse 3, 2013).
Sena se lumellana 'me mohlomong se khothalelitsoe ke Occupy, eo libaka tsa eona tse ngata ho pholletsa le naha li neng li le ntle haeba e ne e le lipontšo tse khutšoane tsa bokhoni ba batho ba ho ipusa. Noam Chomsky o hlokometse hore e ’ngoe ea likatleho tsa bohlokoahali tsa Occupy e bile “ho kopanya batho ho theha sechaba se sebetsang, se tšehetsang, se lokolohileng, sa demokrasi—ntho e ’ngoe le e ’ngoe ho tloha ka kichineng ho ea lilaeboraring ho ea litsing tsa bophelo ho ea likopanong tse akaretsang tsa mahala, moo batho ba buang ka bolokolohi le lipuisano. E thehile likamano le likamano," Chomsky o hlokometse ka Pherekhong 2012, "hore, ha li tšoarella 'me li hola, li ka etsa phapang e kholo"( Chomsky, Sesebelisoa sa Powers, 2013).
Khalefo le Khalefo li Atile
Ho thoe'ng ka "tikoloho e ka sehloohong" ea Anderson ea ho se thahaselle batho ba bangata? Ke boikaketsi ba maemo a phahameng. Poll after poll e na le lilemo tse ngata, 'me ehlile mashome a lilemo, e ngolisitse khalefo e atileng, khalefo, le ho nyonya puso ea puso ea sechaba le ea lipolotiki ea US. Lintlha tsa lipatlisiso li lula li bonahala bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi ba US le meqoqong, e tletse khalefo, khalefo, khalefo le khalefo ka tsela eo batho ba phahameng ba senyelitseng demokrasi le "ho senyetsa naha fatše." Khalefo e atileng e atileng e ntse e tsoela pele ka mokhoa o pharaletseng. Bongata ba baahi ba US ba hana taolo ea likhoebo le lichelete, ho se lekane ho hoholo ha moruo, le ho senyeha ha bophelo bo botle ba sechaba le tikoloho molemong oa ho sebeletsa ba ruileng le ba matla. Bongata bo boholo ha bo amohele “plutonomy” le plutocracy. Ba khetha sechaba se batlang se lekana moo leruo le matla li abuoang hantle le 'muso o tsamaisoang ke sechaba ka sepheo sa ho fumana molemo oohle. Joalokaha Dreirer a hlokomela, “ena ke nako eo ka eona likhoebo tse khōlō li leng tlokotsing. Liphuputso tsohle li bontša hore Maamerika a nahana hore khoebo e na le matla a mangata a lipolotiki, barui ha ba lefe lekhetho le lekaneng, 'muso o hloka ho re sireletsa libankeng tse jang liphoofolo le lik'hamphani tse silafatsang. Hona joale Maamerika a hlokomela ho feta leha e le neng pele hore re hloka ho ea tseleng e ncha. ”
Ka Nģ'ane ho Bokahohle ba Boikutlo ba Bo-Capitalist
Na tataiso eo e ka ’na ea e-ba ka nģ’ane ho “bokahohle ba likhopolo tsa bo-capitalist [US]” ba Anderson? Ee. Tumellanong le ponahatso e matla ea bakhethoa ba pepenene ba bososhiale Seattle le Minneapolis, likhetho tse peli tsa morao-rao tse entsoeng ke sehlopha sa lipatlisiso tse sekametseng ho le letona Rasmussen Reports li bonts'itse hore Maamerika a ka tlase ho lilemo tse 30 a batla a arohane ka ho lekana mabapi le hore na bokhaphithaliste kapa bososhiale bo molemo. Phuputso ea Pew ea December 2011 e fumane hore karolo ea 49 lekholong ea bacha ba Amerika ba lilemo li 18 ho ea ho tse 29 ba talima lentsoe “socialism” hantle ha le bapisoa le karolo ea 46 lekholong e ileng ea arabela hampe. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ba bangata ba bacha bao ba ne ba talima bokapitale hampe (karolo ea 47 lekholong) ho feta kamoo ba neng ba e talima e le ntle kateng (karolo ea 46 lekholong).
Ho na le ntho e ncha le e setseng e teng lipolotiking, tlas'a maikutlo a ka sehloohong a mecha ea litaba ka liketsahalo tse phahameng le ho pota-pota. Ha a ngola ka “ho phahama ha New Left e ncha,” mohlalosi oa tokoloho Peter Beinart o bolela hore Maamerika “a seng a hōlile lekholong la bo21 la lilemo” a tobane le “tšitiso ea sebele ea histori. Ha ho bapisoa le baholo ba moloko oa Reagan-Clinton, Millennials e kena lilemong tsa batho ba baholo Amerika moo mmuso o fanang ka ts'ireletso e fokolang haholo moruong. 'Me phihlelo ea bona ea moruo Amerika ena e sa tsoa theoloa e bile e nyarosang,' e bakiloe ke "ho thella" ho thellang ha meputso le melemo le meputso e putlamang bakeng sa thuto e theko e boima le ho feta. Ho mpefatsa boemo le ho feta, "letlooa la ts'ireletso la mmuso le atile haholo ho ba banyenyane ho feta ba lilemo tse mahareng le ba baholo ... batho ba Amerika ba banyenyane ha ba na monyetla o fokolang ho feta baholo ba bona ho fumana inshorense ea ho hloka mosebetsi, litempe tsa lijo, Thuso ea Nakoana Bakeng sa Malapa a Hlokang, kapa Mokoloto oa Lekhetho la Lekhetho le Lekenoeng” (the Sefate sa Letsatsi le Letsatsi, September 12, 2013).
Hoa thusa, mohlomong, hore ts'ebetso ena e mpe ea bokapitale - ho kenyeletsoa le lipontšo tse makatsang tsa bolaoli ba puso ea sechaba, lipalo tsa mapolesa le ho putlama ha tikoloho - li ntse li etsahala tlasa mopresidente oa demokrasi. “Haeba ho ne ho e-na le mopresidente oa Rephabliki,” Michelle Goldberg o hlokomela moqoqong oa morao tjena mabapi le palo e ntseng e eketseha ea bacha ba bohlale ba ntseng ba hlahloba le ho amohela Marxism, “ba ka ’na ba bona tšepo ea ho khetha Modemokrate. Empa Barack Obama o se a hapile, 'me ha hoa ka ha thusa. ” E le e mong oa litsebi tse joalo, Bhaskar Sunkara (mohlophisi oa line e tsebahalang e ka letsohong le letšehali Jacobin), o ile a bolella Goldberg, “Haeba u ka hapa ntho e itseng ’me u soabisitsoe ke liphello, ka tsela eo e leng sepolotiki ho feta feela ho lahleheloa le ho lahleheloa le ho lahleheloa hape” ( Michelle Goldberg, “Crash Prompts Young Intellectuals to Revisit Marxism,” Michelle Goldberg. Letlapa Makasine, October 14, 2013).
Ho na le ho soetseha ho hoholo - le ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso le radicalization - tse ka lebelloang likhoeling le lilemo tse tlang. Ha koluoa ea morao-rao e entsoeng ke batho ba maemo a holimo, e matlafatsang moruo oa naha ka bobeli e tsosoloseha ho khopisa sechaba sehleng sena sa matsatsi a phomolo, matšoao 'ohle a bontša hore US le lefats'e la bokhaphithaliste li ikakhetse ka setotsoana kholong e liehang ea nako e telele le tlhahiso ea mesebetsi e tepeletseng maikutlo. "Ha ho hloleha ha moruo ho ntse ho tsoela pele ho baka bohloko bo boholo sechabeng le moruong le ho putlama ha Washington dickers," Gar Alperovitz o hlokometse selemo se fetileng, "ho batla mokhoa o mong ho fapana le "tsamaiso" ea hajoale e kanna ea tsoela pele ho hola" (Alperovitz, "Potso. ea Bososhiale e Mothating oa ho Buloa United States Ena,” Ha e le hantle, April 12, 2013). Patlo eo e bohlokoa ho feta leha e le neng pele mehleng eo ka eona esita le khōlo e liehang, mokhoa oa bokapitale, ka ho hlakileng o khona ho senya tikoloho ea lintho tse phelang 'me ka ho etsa joalo e botse lipotso tse tebileng mabapi le ho pholoha ha batho le libōpuoa tse ling.
Z
Paul Street ke mongoli oa libuka tse ngata, ho kenyelletsa le Khatello ea Morabe ho Global Metropolis(2007), Barack Obama le Bokamoso ba Lipolotiki tsa Amerika (2008) le They Molao: The 1% v. Demokerasi (2014).