Ho Fumana Phaello Ntle le ho Hlahisa: Kamoo Lichelete li re Sebelisang Kateng Bohle
Puisano le Aaron Leonard
Buka e ncha ea moprofesa oa moruo Costas Lapavitsas Ho Fumana Phaello Ntle le ho Hlahisa: Kamoo Lichelete li re Sebelisang Kateng Bohle, ho phenya-phenya lefats'e le sa tsitsang la lichelete, sebaka seo maruo a bonahalang eka ha se letho, empa ka tšusumetso e kholo moruong oa lefatše. Lapavitsas e sebetsana le e 'ngoe ea likhopolo tse ncha ka ho fetisisa le mohlomong tse tsosang khang ka ho fetisisa moruong oa lipolotiki: lichelete. Aaron Leonard o sa tsoa ngollana le moprofesa Lapavitsas ka lengolo-tsoibila ho mo botsa ka buka ea hae e ncha le litlamorao tsa eona ka bophara.
U ngotse, "Ho hlokahala tlhokomelo e kholo hore motho a se ke a oela ho ts'oara lichelete e le ts'ebetso e ts'oanang kapa e inahaneloang, ka hona, ho fana ka ts'ebetso ea lichelete ka mokhoa o hlakileng o ka khelosang." Hantle-ntle ho etsa lichelete ke eng 'me kotsi ea ho e tlohela ka tsela e bonolo ke efe?
Ha ho na moelelo o lumellanoang ka kakaretso mabapi le ts'ebetso ea lichelete. Ke e utloisisa e le phetoho ea nalane ea moruo oa capitalist - phetoho ea nako e telele e etsahetseng lilemong tse mashome a mane tse fetileng.
E ka ba phoso ho nahana ka ts'ebeliso ea lichelete e le feela keketseho e makatsang ea lichelete, kapa kholo ea phaello e inahaneloang. Tšebeliso ea lichelete e mabapi le phetoho ea likhoebo tsa indasteri le tsa khoebo, tse batlang phaello mesebetsing ea lichelete; phetoho ea libanka, ho batla phaello litšebelisanong tsa lichelete le ho sebetsana le malapa; phetoho, qetellong, ea malapa, a kenngoa ts'ebetsong ea lichelete ho alima empa hape le ho laola penshene le inshorense. E emela phetoho e tebileng ea moruo empa hape le bophelo ba sechaba, e amang esita le melao ea boitšoaro le boitšoaro.
Tšebeliso ea lichelete e ne e amana joang le mathata a moruo a 2007-2008 - kapa ho beha ka tsela e 'ngoe - ke hobane'ng ha re lokela ho ameha ka lichelete kajeno?
Mathata a 2007-2009 ke koluoa ea tsamaiso ea bokhaphithaliste ba lichelete. Nahana ka sena: ho ile ha qhoma koluoa e kholo ea lefats'e hobane likhoebo tsa lichelete tsa U.S. li ne li alimile karolo e futsanehileng ka ho fetesisa ea basebetsi ba U.S. Tsoelo-pele e joalo e ka be e bile ntho e sa utloahaleng lekholong la bo19 la lilemo.
Ha ho pelaelo hore pokello ea 'nete ea bokapitale e bile mathateng a maholo ka nako e telele le phaello, leha e se e folile, e ntse e fokola ho latela litekanyetso tsa bo-1960. Ena ke semelo seo karohano ea lichelete e hlahisitseng tatellano ea lipompong tse amang moruo oa 'nete haholo ha li phatloha.
Ho na le temana e ileng ea hapa tlhokomelo ea ka ka ho khetheha: “Hoetla ha puso ea U.S., ebang ke ka lebaka la lichelete kapa che, ho kopane le chelete e kenang United States, ho kopanyelletsa le ho tsotehang, e tsoang linaheng tse futsanehileng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng.” Sena se bonahala e le mohlolo. O ka atolosa?
Ka sebele ena ke e 'ngoe ea likhanyetsano tse kholo tsa lichelete. Keketseho ea lichelete tsa lefats'e e lebisitsoe esale pele ka karolo ea dollar joalo ka chelete ea machaba ea polokelo - lintho tse haufi ka ho fetisisa tse teng ho chelete ea lefats'e kajeno. Linaha tse tsoelang pele, haholo-holo Chaena, empa esita le linaha tse ling tse futsanehileng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng li ’nile tsa bokella lidolara hore li tsebe ho nka karolo ’marakeng oa lefatše. Lidolara li bokelloa ka ho reka li-bond tsa 'muso oa US, ke hore, ka ho romela chelete e kholo ho US Phello ke hore, ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng, US e ntse e fumana chelete ho tsoa lefats'eng lohle, eseng ho e romela kantle ho naha.
Ena ke tokelo e kholo e lumellang U.S. ho tšehetsa mmuso oa eona ka theko e tlase. Leha ho le joalo, linaha tse ntseng li hōla moruong li lebisitsoe ho tšehetsa moruo oa tsona ka lichelete ha li ntse li fumana thepa e ngata ea metsi ea U.S.
Qetellong u ngola, "Ho tobana le ts'ebeliso ea lichelete ka tlhaho ke boemo bo lebisang menahanong, maano le litloaelo tse khahlanong le bo-capitalist." Ke hobane'ng ha see se le joalo, ho e-na le ho etsa mohlala, mohlala oa ho laola lichelete, ho lebisa ho leka-lekana ho feta, ke hore lefats'e la Keynesian moo moruo o laoloang ho ea molemong oa mosebetsi o feletseng le tsohle tse tlisang?
Tšebeliso ea lichelete ke phetoho ea nalane, phetoho e tebileng ea moruo oa bo-capitalist o holileng le o ntseng o tsoela pele. Ha se feela phello ea liphetoho tsa maano, joalo ka tokoloho ea lichelete, le hoja ka sebele ba kentse letsoho ho eona. Ho latela hore ts'ebetso ea lichelete e ke ke ea tobana le ho laola lichelete feela, kapa ho etsa liphetoho tsa leano maemong a macroeconomic. Ka tlhaho, tsena li lokela ho etsahala ho thibela lichelete empa ho hlokahala ho hongata ho fokotsa chelete.
Ho hlakisa haholoanyane, ts'ebetso ea liindasteri le khoebo e tla tlameha ho suthela hole le lichelete; ho ne ho tla tlameha ho ba le beng ba sechaba le taolo holim'a libanka; hape ho ne ho tla tlameha ho tsosolosoa tokisetso ea sechaba ea bolulo, thuto, bophelo bo botle le penshene ho tlosa lichelete bophelong ba basebetsi ka bomong. Tsena ke liphetoho tse tebileng moruong le sechabeng tse ka tsamaisang tekanyo ea matla khahlanong le chelete le molemong oa basebetsi.
E amanang le seo, ke hobane'ng ha, ho ea ka maikutlo a hau, bososhiale - haeba ke utloisisa seo u se ngolang ka nepo - joale ke mokhoa o mong oa sebele?
Ntoa ea ho khutlisa ts'ebetso ea lichelete ke karolo le karolo ea ntoa ea ho fihlela bososhiale. Ha ho hlokahale ho finyella bososhiale e le hore ho khutlise chelete ea lichelete, ka sebele ho finyella socialism ke taba e rarahaneng haholo. Empa ho loanela ho thibela lichelete le ho tlosa tšusumetso ea tsona bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea ntoa ea bososhiale. Ona ke mofuta oa bososhiale oo re o hlokang bakeng sa lekholo la bo21 la lilemo - mokhatlo, sechaba, demokrasi le boqapi ba ho sebetsana le mathata a sechaba ka bokhaphithaliste ba lichelete.
Costas Lapavitsas ke Moprofesa oa Economics Sekolong sa Lithuto tsa Bochabela le Afrika, Univesithi ea London. Ke setho sa Research on Money and Finance (RMF). Ke eena mongoli ea ka sehloohong oa tlaleho e ncha ea RMF “Breaking Up? Tsela ea ho Tsoa Maqakabetsing a Eurozone." Lingoliloeng tsa hae tse fetileng li kenyelletsa Metheo ea Sechaba ea Limmaraka, Chelete le Mokitlane 'me Moruo oa Lipolotiki oa Chelete le Lichelete.
ZNetwork e tšehelitsoe ka lichelete feela ka seatla se bulehileng sa babali ba eona.
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