Kadib shir jaraa’id oo ay ku qabteen Aqalka Cad, Madaxweyne Barack Obama (R) iyo Ra’iisul Wasaaraha Ciraaq Nuuri al-Maliki (L) ayaa si wada jir ah u ambabaxaya. In kasta oo ay ka wadahadleen waqtiga kama dambaysta ah ee ka bixitaanka Mareykanka, Obama iyo Maliki midkoodna ma soo hadal qaadin codka shacabka Ciraaq si loo go'aamiyo in waqtiga kama dambaysta ahi uu ahaan doono iyo in kale. (Sawirka: Reuters)
Markii baarlamaanka Ciraaq uu ansixiyay heshiiskii amniga ee Mareykanka sannadkii hore, oo u oggolaanaya joogitaanka ciidamada Mareykanka illaa dhammaadka 2011, waxay u dhiseen qodob ku saabsan in codbixin dadweyne ay dhacdo. Tani waxay u ogolaanaysaa dadka Ciraaq inay go'aansadaan mustaqbalka ugu dambeeya ee heshiiska. Haddii dadweynuhu u codeeyaan in la diido, wakhtiga kama dambaysta ah ee ka bixitaanka Mareykanka waxaa loo wareejin lahaa xagaaga soo socda.
Codbixinta, oo loo qorsheeyay inay dhacdo July 30, marnaba ma dhicin.
Ma jiro dib u dhac rasmi ah oo la sameeyay, laakiin kama dambaysta ah ee la seegay ayaa timid ka dib markii uu si joogta ah ugu baaqay Ra'iisul Wasaare Nuuri al-Maliki, kaas oo ku taliyay in dib loo dhigo ilaa Janaayo 2010. Baarlamaanka Ciraaq - oo hadda uu hoggaamiyo afhayeenka cusub ee Maliki - ayaa la kaashaday, oo dayacay in uu keeno nidaamka. sharciga xukumaya shuruudaha cod bixinta ilaa dabaqa.
Danaha Maraykanku waxay u badan tahay inay door weyn ku lahaayeen codbixintii la seegay. Dib u dhigista ayaa timid todobaad kadib booqashadii Aqalka Cad ee Maliki, oo ay isaga iyo Madaxweyne Obama labaduba ku celceliyeen Diseembar 2011-ka kama dambaysta ah ee bixitaanka. Midkoodna ma soo hadal qaadin aftida.
Intaa waxaa dheer, bartamihii bishii Juun maqaal New York Times ayaa lagu yiri, "Diblomaasiyiinta Mareykanka waxay si aamusnaan ah ugu ololeynayaan dowladda inaysan qaban aftida," waxayna soo jeediyeen in dib u dhac kasta oo ku yimaada codbixinta uu noqon karo "in la ixtiraamo walaacyada Mareykanka."
Maalintii Khamiista ee la soo dhaafay ayaa si hoose u dhacday, iyadoo badi madaxda Ciraaq ay ka aamuseen mowduuca. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Tariq al-Hashemi, oo ka mid ah labada madaxweyne ku xigeen ee Ciraaq, ayaa soo koobay niyad-jabka dad badan.
"Taariikhdan si taxadar leh ayaa loo doortay si loo helo waqtiga lagama maarmaanka ah si loo helo natiijo la taaban karo," Hashemi ayaa ku yiri hadal uu soo saaray. Ku guul darradu in aan la kulmo taariikhda waa dib u dhac dadka Ciraaq u diidaya xuquuqdooda.
Wakhtiga kama dambaysta ah ee ka bixitaanka dagaalka
Xubnihii taageersanaa qabsashadii Ciraaq ayaa sabab u noqday inay ka baqaan aftida. Haddii Ciraaqiyiintu ay codkooda dhiibteen Khamiista la soo dhaafay, waxaa laga yaabaa inay si fiican u diideen heshiiska amniga (haddii kale loo yaqaan Heshiiska Ciidamada, ama SOFA).
Ra'yi ururin ballaaran oo la qaaday bishii Maarso ABC/BBC, dad badan oo Ciraaqiyiin ah ayaa sheegay inay door bidaan jadwal ka degdeg badan ka bixitaanka Mareykanka marka loo eego kan lagu sheegay SOFA.
Diidmada SOFA waxay soo dedejinaysaa wakhtiga ka bixitaanka Maraykanka oo laga dhigayo hal sano laga bilaabo taariikhda codbixinta:July 30 haddii codka la qaban lahaa July.
Codbixinta aftida laga booday waxay ahayd qayb weyn oo waqti laqabtay, sida uu qabo Joseph Gerson, qoraaga "The Sun never Sets: Confronting the Network of Foreign Military Bases."
"Sida maahmaahdu leedahay, millatarigu, sida kalluunka dhintay, waxay billaabaan inay urayaan saddex maalmood ka dib," Gerson ayaa u sheegay Truthout. "Haddii codeynta loo qabto sidii loo qorsheeyay, natiijada ugu badan waxay noqon lahayd in dadka Ciraaq ay ku adkeystaan in ciidamada Mareykanka ay baxaan ka hor taariikhda 2011. Waxay ahayd arrin ku saabsan iibsashada wakhtiga."
Waqtiga la iibsaday ayaa faa'iido u ah Pentagon-ka, kaas oo ilaa hadda aan si rasmi ah u soo bandhigin wax qorshe ah oo dib u celin ah oo ka bixitaan degdeg ah, haddii aftidu ay guul dareysato. Iyadoo 130,000 oo askari iyo 132,000 oo qandaraasleyaal ah ay weli ku sugan yihiin Ciraaq, diidmada SOFA waxa ay ka dhigeysaa mid liidata Mareykanka.
Maliki, oo dowladiisu ay si weyn ugu tiirsan tahay taageerada Mareykanka, dib u dhaca ayaa sidoo kale ka dhigan lix bilood oo dheeri ah si loogu qanciyo Ciraaqiyiinta in SOFA ay tahay fikrad wanaagsan. Waaxda fulinta Ciraaq ayaa si fiican uga warqabta arrimaha ku soo kordhinaya codbixinta ka dhanka ah SOFA, waxaana ay rajeynayaan in qaar ka mid ah arrimahaas ay soo hagaagaan ka hor inta aan la gaarin codeynta aftida dib loo dhigay, sida uu sheegay Jim Fine, xoghayaha sharci-dejinta ee siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee guddiga saaxiibada Shuruucda Qaranka.
"Walaaca ku saabsan sii socoshada xarigga Mareykanka ee Ciraaq, muuqaalka sii socda ee ciidamada Mareykanka ee ku sugan magaalooyinka iyo magaalooyinka Ciraaq in kasta oo 'ciidamadii dagaalka' laga saaray aagagga ay dadku ku badan yihiin, iyo sii socoshada Ciraaq ee u hoggaansanaanta cunaqabateynta Qaramada Midoobay ee ka dhalatay Dagaalkii Gacanka koowaad waa arrimo saameyn ku leh dadweynaha Ciraaq. Fine ayaa u sheegay Truthout. "Bilo ka dib, arrimahan ayaa laga yaabaa in ugu yaraan qayb ahaan la xalliyo, taas oo ka dhigaysa in ay u badan tahay in dadweynaha ay ansixiyaan heshiiska."
Mustaqbal aan la hubin
Dhanka kale, aamusnaan iyo jahawareer isku jira ayaa ku hareeraysan rajada codbixinta aftida ee Janaayo. In kasta oo Maliki uu ku taliyay in codaynta lagu soo beego doorashada Ciraaq, haddana wakhti sugan lama cayimin.
Go’doominta laanta fulinta ee aftida ayaa astaan u ah khilaaf wayn oo u dhexeeya dawladda Maliki iyo dadka Ciraaq, sida uu sheegay Gerson.
"Waxay ila tahay inay muujinayso in dawladda kali-taliska ah ee Maraykanku ka abuuray Ciraaq aanay ka turjumayn ra'yiga caanka ah ee Ciraaq, iyo in dawladdu aad uga baqayso oo ay aad uga shaqaynayso sidii ay u maareyn lahayd rabitaanka caanka ah ee Ciraaq," Gerson ayaa u sheegay Truthout.
Dadaaladan "maamulka" waxay u muuqdaan inay keenaan hubaal la'aan inta badan taageero aan shuruud lahayn, sida uu sheegay Ali al-Fadhily, weriyaha madax-bannaan ee ku nool Baghdad, kaasoo sheegay in Ciraaqiyiinta lagu hayo mugdi ku saabsan xaqiiqada ka bixitaanka Mareykanka.
"Sawirku waa mid aan caddayn, Ciraaqiyiintuna way kala qaybsan yihiin, waxayna u jahwareersan yihiin sida madaxdoodu rabaan," al-Fadhily ayaa u sheegay Truthout.
Horumarka SOFA – iyo sida wanaagsan ee ay labada dawladood ugu hoggaansameen shuruudaheeda – ma cadda dhinaca Maraykanka, sidoo kale. Intii lagu guda jiray dhamaadkii bishii Luulyo kulankii Maliki iyo Obama, madaxweynuhu wuxuu ka hadlay "isbadalka buuxa ee mas'uuliyadda Ciraaq," laakiin marka ay timaado macnaha kala-guurka, tafaasiilku waa gariirayaan, kormeerkuna waa maqan yahay.
Ka hor inta aan la saxeexin SOFA, Guddi-hoosaadka Golaha ee Hay'adaha Caalamiga ah, Xuquuqul Insaanka, iyo Kormeerka ayaa qabtay dhageysi xiriir ah oo ku saabsan sharcinimada heshiiska. Hadda, dhegaysiyo kale ayaa hakad ku jira, sida uu sheegay xafiiska Rep. Bill Delahunt (D-Massachusetts), guddoomiyaha guddiga.
"Waxaan xiisaynaynaa inaan dib u eegno arrintan, laakiin ma jiraan wax la adkeeyay," xoghayaha warfaafinta ee Delahunt ayaa u sheegay Truthout.
Arrin muhiim ah oo mustaqbalka SOFA ah ayaa ah doorashada Ciraaq ee soo socota bisha Janaayo. Haddii aftida iyo doorashadu isku mar la qabto, oo Maliki uu ku guuleysto mar kale xafiiska, waxa uu aragti ahaan iska indhatiraa natiijada aftida oo uu ku dheggan yahay SOFA, sida uu qabo Raed Jarrar, lataliyaha Ciraaq ee Guddiga Adeegga Saaxiibada Mareykanka. Arrinka ayaa markaa loo diri doonaa maxkamadda sare ee Ciraaq, taasoo soo dedejin doonta dib u dhac kale.
Taa beddelkeeda, doorashada Janaayo waxay u leexan kartaa jihada ka soo horjeeda, oo meesha ka saaraysa Maliki iyo inay keento maamul taageersan in xukunka laga tuuro.
"Haddii kooxaha ka soo horjeeda la wareegida ay guuleystaan - oo waxaan u maleynayaa inay sameyn doonaan - waxaa laga yaabaa inay baabi'iyaan SOFA si kastaba ha noqotee, xitaa haddii ay hesho "haa" cod," Jarrar ayaa u sheegay Truthout. "Haddii kooxaha taageersan ay guulaysteen, waxay soo jiidan doonaan khiyaano kasta oo suurtagal ah si ay Maraykanka u sii hayaan inta ay awoodaan. Markaa qof kasta oo ku guulaysta doorashooyinka soo socda ayaa go'aamin doona waxa dhici doona."
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, doorashooyinku ma caddayn karaan arrin hal maalin ah. Ka dib doorashadii Ciraaq ee December 2005, shan bilood ayaa ka soo wareegtay ka hor inta aan la go'aamin golaha wasiirada iyo ra'iisul wasaaraha.
Aftida SOFA ee Ciraaq waxa laga yaabaa in si la mid ah loogu laabo: gabagabo aan la cayimin.
ZNetwork waxa lagu maalgeliyaa oo keliya deeqsinimada akhristeyaasheeda.
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