Intii u dhaxaysay 1882 iyo 1968, muddo 86 sano ah 3,446 Afrikaan Mareykan ah iyo 1,297 caddaan ah ayaa lagu dilay Mareykanka. Dembiilayaasha dembiyadan waxay ahaayeen garsoorayaal iskood isu magacaabay, xeerbeegti iyo xukun-fuliye. 73 boqolkiiba dhibbanayaashu waxay ahaayeen Afrikaan Ameerikaan ah. Celceliska heerka lynching wuxuu ahaa 55 qof sanadkii. Celceliska heerka wax-ka-qabashada muddadaas oo dhan waxay ahayd .046 100,000kii qofba. [iii]
Chicago gudaheeda, 33 bilood laga bilaabo Janaayo, 2009 ilaa Noofambar, 2011 waxaa jiray 51 qof oo ay dileen saraakiisha Waaxda Bilayska Chicago, sida laga soo xigtay tirakoobka rasmiga ah ee CPD. xeerbeegtida iyo fulinta kiisaskan. Booliiska ayaa toogtay 160 rag ah iyo 1 dumar ah bilahaas. African Americans waxay ahaayeen 74 boqolkiiba dhibanayaasha; 20 boqolkiiba waxay ahaayeen dad kale oo midab leh. Celcelis ahaan heerka dilka booliisku waxa uu ahaa 18.5 sanadkii mudadan. Celcelis ahaan heerka dilka booliiska Chicago wuxuu ahaa 0.64 100,000 qofba. [v]
Guud ahaan dalka Maraykanka tobankii sano ee u dambeeyay ee Qarnigii 20-aad, laga soo bilaabo 1990 ilaa 2000, waxaa jiray 2,054 qof oo ay booliisku dileen. Celcelis ahaan heerka dilalka sanadlaha ah ee booliska dalka guud ahaan wuxuu ahaa .205 066kiiba. [vii]
Heerka dilalka ay geystaan โโbooliiska Chicago waa toban jeer celceliska heerka qaranka (0.64 / .066 = 9.7). Heerka dilka bilayska ee Chicago wuxuu ku dhawaad โโ14 jeer ka badan yahay heerka laynta ee Maraykanka intii lagu jiray xilligii ugu xumaa ee Jim Crow kala soocida iyo sareynta cadaanka ee Maraykanka (0.64 / 0.046 = 13.9). Heerka dilalka booliiska ee dalka guud ahaan waxa ay ka badan tahay 1.4 jeer heerka lynching ee Maraykanka muddadaas (0.066 / .046 = 1.4). Tani waa inay sabab u noqotaa qaylo dhaan caalami ah. Waxa ay la tartameysaa xad-dhaafka dowladaha caburinta naxariista daran ee ay si weyn u cambaareeyeen "Beesha Caalamka."
Tirakoobyadan kuma jiraan tirada aan la tirin karin ee dadka ku dhinta xabsiga booliska ama jeelasha gobolka ee dalka oo dhan iyagoo sugaya maxkamad, oo ay ku jiraan qaar badan oo lagu eedeeyay inay "is dileen" iyagoo isku deldelaya dharkooda, kuwa la kulma shilalka qarsoodiga ah sida hoos u dhaca wiishka. Kuma jiraan maxaabiista ku jira xabsiyada gobolka iyo federaalka ee la ildaran oo u dhinta daaweyn la'aan.
Caro caalami ah oo ka dhan ah xuquuqda aadanaha.
Kiiskii Howard Morgan ee Chicago ayaa calaamad u ah dhibaatadan. Morgan ayaa 28 xabadood ay booliisku ku toogteen ka dib markii ay istaageen taraafikada dhanka galbeed ee magaalada. Maadaama uusan dhiman, Dawladdu waxay ku qasbanaatay inay ku soo oogaan iskuday dil oo bilayska ah si ay u qariyaan dambigooda. Sida ay aragtay Angela Davis hadal ay dhawaan soo saartay oo ku saabsan kiiska, Morgan "wuxuu dhabarka ka qaatay 21 xabbadood [bilayska] markii uu jiifay waddada, laakiin mucjiso, ma uusan dhiman. Way adag tahay in la rumaysto ka dib markii uu u adkaystay tan. Weerarka, waxaa lagu soo oogay inuu isku dayay inuu dilo askartii booliska ee isku dayay inay dilaan." Davis wuxuu ku booriyay "dhammaan kuwa qiimeeya dimuqraadiyadda iyo xuquuqul insaanka inay igu biiraan aniga iyo taageerayaashiisa Chicago si aan u dalbanno xorriyadda [Mr. Morgan]."[viii] (Wixii macluumaad dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan dembigan tag http://www.naarpr.org, iyo in la saxeexo codsi xorriyadda Howard Morgan u tag http://www.FreeHowardMorgan.com.)
Shaqadeeda seminal, "The New Jim Crow, Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness," Michelle Alexander, Professor Law at Ohio State University, waxay ku baaqeysaa dhaqdhaqaaq cusub oo xuquuqda madaniga ah oo isu keena dadka dhammaan jinsiyadaha iyo fasallada si ay ula dagaallamaan ballaaran. xadhig ku salaysan xuquuqul insaanka iyo cadaalada. Dagaalka ka dhanka ah dilalka bilayska ee ka baxsan garsoorka ayaa udub dhexaad u ah dadaalka lagu dhisayo dhaqdhaqaaqan.
Chicago, baahida loo qabo xorriyadda Howard Morgan ayaa ka soo ifbaxaysa dhaqdhaqaaq noocaas ah. Mr. Morgan, "Cadaalad hadda cod bay leedahay!" Filo in dhaq-dhaqaaqan uu dalka ka hirgalo si uu u dalbado in la joojiyo dilka bilayska iyo in la joojiyo xabsiyada faraha badan. Waxay ku guuleysan kartaa sii deynta Howard Morgan, Mumia Abu Jamal, Leonard Peltier, Bradley Manning, iyo dhammaan maxaabiista siyaasadeed iyo maxaabiista cunsuriyadda.
Ted Pearson waa la-guddoomiyaha Isbahaysiga Chicago ee ka soo horjeeda cunsuriyadda iyo cadaadiska siyaasadeed iyo xubin ka tirsan Guddiga Fulinta Qaranka ee Guddiyada Xiriirinta Dimuqraadiyadda iyo Hantiwadaaga.
Qoraallada ku saabsan ilaha:
[ii] Lynchings: By State iyo Race, 1882 - 1968". Jaamacadda Missouri-Kansas Dugsiga Sharciga. La soo celiyay 2010-07-26." Tirakoobyada uu bixiyo kaydka Tuskegee
Machadka. Tirooyinkan kuma jiraan tiro dad ah, oo u badan Madow iyo Latino, oo ay booliisku toogteen ilaa taariikhdayada, kuwaas oo u muuqda in aanay jirin tirokoob ka hor 1990kii.
[iii] Celceliska heerka lynching 4743/86 = 55.15. Celceliska dadka Mareykanka 1880 โ 1970 = 118,606,527
Jinsiyada, 1790 ilaa 1990, iyo Isbaanishka Asal ahaan, 1970 ilaa 1990, ee Maraykanka, Gobolada, Qaybaha, iyo Dawladaha, http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html. Celceliska heerka lynching wuxuu ahaa (55.15 / 118,606,527) * 100,000 = .046 lynchings 100,000kiiba.
[iv] Maamulka Madaxa Banaan ee Dib-u-eegista Bilayska, Magaalada Chicago, waxay soo uruuriyeen warbixinnada Janaayo, 2009 - Oktoobar, 2011.
[v] (51 / 33) * 12 = 18.54545454545455. Dadka ku nool Chicago 2,884,382. ( 18.54 / 2,884,382) * 100,000 =0.6429611107493581
[vi] Shaxda, "Toogashadii dhimashada ee Booliisku 1990-2000," Washington Post,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/metro/specials/pgshoot/shootstats.htm
[vii] Dadka Mareykanka = 311,591,917 (Xafiiska Tirakoobka Mareykanka). (205.4 / 311,591,917) * 100,000 = 0.0659195533624834
[viii] Angela Y. Davis, "Angela Davis waxay ku boorinaysaa xorriyadda Howard Morgan," bayaan lagu sii daayay Isbahaysiga Chicago ee ka soo horjeeda cunsuriyadda iyo cadaadiska siyaasadeed, Maarso 2, 2012
http://www.naarpr.org.
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