Akhri qoraalka sirta ah
Magna, Utah - The Salt Lake Tribune ayaa ka warbixinaya in Kennecott Utah Copper Corp. uu qariyay, tan iyo 1988, suurtagalnimada dhulgariir uu sababay musiibo dabo weyn oo Magna, Utah ah. Xiritaanka dabada waxay ku taal waqooyiga Magna waxayna kaydisaa qiyaastii 1 bilyan oo tan oo qashinka miinada ah. Sannadkii 1993, shirkaddu waxay samaysay "qiimaynta khatarta" si ay u go'aamiso haddii ku-haynta buuxda ee xadhiga ay ka qaalisan tahay kharashaadka sharciga ah ee la xidhiidha burburka hantida iyo dhimashada muwaadiniinta.
Tribune ayaa daabacday a 1997 Xusuusin sir ah, oo uu qoray Ray D. Gardner, Madaxii hore ee Sharciga ee Kennecott, taas oo muhiim u ah sida ay shirkadu u maarayso masiibada dabada: "Go'aamadii hore ee maamulka ee ahaa in la iska indhotiro oo la qariyo talada sharciga, ogaysiinta dadweynaha laga dhaafo, isku dayga in la sameeyo bakhaar la deggan yahay si qarsoodi ah, lala yeesho Injineer Dawladeed in laga joojiyo daraasadaha KL ee dadweynaha, oo lagu xaddido qaybinta Daraasadda Dhimista, si wadajir ah iyo shakhsi ahaanba. soo bandhig muuqaal shirqool ah oo lagu qarinayo khatar weyn oo ku soo fool leh amniga dadweynaha.”
G. Frank Joklik waxa uu ahaa madaxweynaha Kennecott iyo maamulaha guud ee 1980 ilaa 1993. Joklik, oo hadda ah lataliye dhinaca macdanta ah, ayaa hadda ku jira guddiga maamulka ee Prime Meridian Resources (PMR), shirkad macdan qodis ah oo doonaysa in ay horumariso macdan badan oo macdan ah oo ku yaal Jasiiradda Sare. Kahor Ciyaaraha Olombikada 2002, fadeexad laaluush ah ayaa ku qasabtay Joklik inuu iska casilo guddiga Abaabulka Salt Lake, kaasoo mas'uul ka ahaa isku dayga lagu sugayo ciyaaraha magaalada Salt Lake. PMR waxay leedahay xiriir kale oo Kennecott - tMadaxwaynihii shirkadda Michael Senn, wuxuu ahaa geologist Kennecott laga soo bilaabo 1980 ilaa 1996 wuxuuna ahaa Maamule Goboleed/Madax Geologist markii Kennecott uu helay deebaajiga Eagle, 1995.
Balliga dabada ah oo la furay sannadkii 1906-dii, waxa uu hore u soo maray laba jeer oo hore (1941 iyo 1964) kuwaas oo la sheegay in aanay ka dhalan khasaare nafeed iyo mid hantiyeed toona, isla markaana aanay sababin dhaqdhaqaaqyo dhul-gariir ah. Xusuus-qorka 1997 wuxuu xusayaa in warbixinnada sayniska loo wakiishay xarigga dabada 1957, 1966, 1974 iyo 1983. Warbixinadu waxay xuseen awoodda xidhitaanka dabada inay ku fashilmaan dhaqdhaqaaqa seismic dartiis. Aaggu waxa uu ku yaalaa gudaha Intermountain Seismic Belt iyo dhulgariir ka dhacay agagaarka, 1962, oo lagu qiyaasay M 5.2 ee Cabirka Richter.
Marka loo eego Hay'adda Ilaalinta Deegaanka ee Mareykanka (EPA), sanadkii 2006, Kennecott's Utah Copper Mine iyo Warshada Korontadu waxay ahayd xarunta labaad ee wasakheynta ugu sareysa ee qaranka oo leh 102.5 milyan oo rodol oo wasakh ah. Shirkadda Green's Creek Mine, ee Alaska (oo dhawaan laga iibiyay Hecla Mining Corp.), ayaa kaalinta 7aad gashay, iyadoo 44.5 milyan oo rodol oo wasakh ah.
Sannadkii 1988-kii, Joklik waxa uu u wakiishay qiimayn jootechnical dheeraad ah oo biyo-xireenka dabada ah oo ka timid shirkad Canadian Engineering, Klohn-Leonoff Consultants Ltd. (KL), oo ka timid British Columbia, Canada. Warbixinta KL ayaa muujisay in dhulgariir uu sababi karo in biyo xireenka uu qarxo, oo ku fatahay qeyb ka mid ah magaalada Magna, taasoo ka dhalatay khasaare nafeed iyo mid hantiyadeed. Sida laga soo xigtay qoraalka Gardner ee 1997, warbixintu waxay xustay khatarta ka iman karta "goobaha la deggan yahay, goobaha warshadaha, khadka tareenka weyn, iyo waddooyinka dadweynaha." Khabiir dhanka warshadaha ah, H. Bolton Seed, ayaa qiimeeyay oo xaqiijiyay natiijooyinka, isagoo sheegay in "khatarta sanadlaha ah ee fashilka dhigaalka dabada ay [100 jeer ka weyn tahay] biyo-xireennada caadiga ah."
Joklik waxa uu uga jawaabay warbixinta isaga oo si guul darro ah isku dayay in uu qariyo natiijooyinka iyada oo la adeegsanayo ilaalinta mudnaanta shaqada qareenka waxana uu sameeyay koox hawleed si ay u qiimeeyaan hababka lagu xasilinayo Magna Corner iyo qaybo kale oo ka mid ah xadhiga dabada. "Daraasad Dhimis", oo laga soo wakiishay KL, 1989, ayaa ku talisay in xalka keliya uu ahaa in la dhiso xayndaab dibadda ah oo ku wareegsan dhammaan xiritaanka dabada. Isaga oo ka jawaabaya, Kennecott waxa uu bilaabay in uu biyaha ka saaro Magna Corner laakiin waxa uu ka tagay “waxyaabaha muhiimka ah ee barnaamijka cusboonaysiinta seismic-ka” 1993kii sababo la xidhiidha kharashaadka dhaqaale ee la xidhiidha raritaan 2.75 mayl ee Waddada Gobolka 201, Koorsada Golf Copper ee Magna, iyo dhammaan agabka Kennecott iyo qolo saddexaad aagga, iyo dib-u-habaynta iyo wax-ka-beddelka nidaamka biyaha ee shirkadda.
Xusuus-qorka Gardner's 1997 wuxuu soo jeedinayaa in "go'aanka ah in laga tago qaybaha berm, buffer iyo dike ee casriyeynta seismic aan si fiican loo diiwaangelin waxayna u muuqataa in ay dhiirigelisay dhaqaalaha, iyada oo aan welwel dhab ah laga hayn badbaadada dadweynaha."
Joklik iyo Philip J. Bernhisel (Madaxweyne Ku Xigeenka Sare ee Maaliyadda iyo Sharciga ee Kennecott) ayaa sidoo kale codsaday dib u eegis sharci ah Lataliyihii hore ee Guud, Earl Tingey, kaas oo u xilsaaray baaritaan ka socda Bob Connery, Holland iyo Hart LLP, Denver. Si kastaba ha noqotee, marka loo eego xusuusta Gardner, Joklik wuxuu xakameeyay dib u eegista Connery wuxuuna xaddiday doorka Tingey mid ka mid ah gudbinta macluumaadka Connery ilaa Joklik. Connery waxa uu ku taliyay in Kennecott uu u sheego khatarta dadka deegaanka. Connery waa la eryey waxaana la lagu wargeliyey in Joklik aanu “jeclaan” taladiisa iyo in uu u gudbiyo dukumeenti kasta oo khuseeya Kennecott oo uu baabi’iyo dhammaan nuqullada. Connery wuu diiday talada.
Joklik waxa uu ka hubsaday ra'yi labaad oo sharci ah, oo ka socda Parsons, Behle iyo Latimer (PB&L), oo ka yimid Salt Lake City, taas oo ku talisay in Kennecott uu u sheego khatarta shacabka oo uu ka dhigo xadhiga dabada oo ammaan ah isaga oo raraya Jidka Gobolka 201 oo abuuraya aag kayd ah agagaarka xirid. La-taliyaha ayaa kula taliyay Kennecott in xariga uu yahay "khatar aan macquul ahayn" iyo in shirkaddu ay wajaheyso suurtagalnimada eedeymaha ciqaabta iyo dembiyada haddii shirkadu aysan u digin dadweynaha. Lataliyaha Guud ee Kennecott wuxuu faray PB & L in Joklik uu "joojin doono matalaadda PB & L haddii ra'yigooda loo dhiibo isaga, wuxuuna ku amray PB & L inay burburiyaan ra'yiga."
Ka dib hawlaheedii biyo-mareenka, Kennecott wuxuu u wakiishay daraasad kale "qiimaynta khatarta seismic" ee Woodward iyo Clyde, 1993, si loo qiimeeyo suurtagalnimada jebinta dabada ee Magna Corner ee xadhiga. Qiimaynta Woodward iyo Clyde waxay muujisay khatar xitaa ka sareysa daraasadda KL.
Xusuus-qorka Gardner ee 1997 wuxuu xusayaa in "suurtagalnimada in lagu xasiliyo Magna Corner oo keliya iyada oo loo marayo dadaalka biyo-saarka ayaa u muuqda inuu yahay isku day go'aan ka dib oo lagu bixinayo caqli-gal taageero, iyada oo la aqoonsanayo hab macquul ah oo looga hortagayo saameynta ba'an ee suurtagalka ah ee fashilka seismic. Nasiib darro, ikhtiyaarka ka saarista biyaha ayaa weli ah mid aan la caddaynin."
Saraakiisha Kennecott waxay la kulmeen Injineer Gobolka Utah si ay ugala hadlaan qiimeynta asalka ah ee KL. Marka loo eego daqiiqadaha ay diyaarisay shirkadu, Injineerka Gobolku waxa uu ansixiyay hagaajinta seismic-ka buuxa ee Kennecott oo uu ku raacay natiijooyinka KL. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida laga soo xigtay qoraalka Gardner's 1997, "Daqiiqadaha dheeraadka ah waxay muujinayaan in daraasaadka KL lala wadaagay Injineerka Gobolka, laakiin laguma sii hayn diiwaannada wakaaladda sababtoo ah walaac" inay ku dhici doonaan qaybta dadweynaha." Injineerka Gobolka waxa uu bixiyay dammaanad qaadyo aan rasmi ahayn oo ah in aanuu “aan doonayn… Maamulaha mashruucu waxa uu kula talinayaa in Injineerka Gobolku aanu haynin koobiyada mid ka mid ah warbixinada juqraafiyeedka ee uu u shaqeeyo Kennecott.
Halkii laga sii wadi lahaa cusboonaysiinta seismic buuxa ee xadhiga dabada, Joklik waxa uu u fasaxay Waaxda Dhulka ee Kennecott in ay si qarsoodi ah u iibsadaan 200 oo guri oo ku yaala Guryaha Cagaaran ee Cagaaran. Saraakiisha waaxdaas ayaan loo sheegin sababaha dhabta ah ee iibka. Laga soo bilaabo 1991 ilaa 1992, waaxdu waxay iibsatay 39 guri, iyada oo u sii maraysa wakiil aan wali la aqoonsan, kaas oo markii dambe la kireeyay. Kiraystayaasha cusub waligood looma sheegin khataraha la xidhiidha jebinta dabada. Sannadkii 1995-kii, Kennecott waxa uu bilaabay in uu raadiyo dookhyada uu ku iibinayo guryaha, isaga oo aan siinin daah-furka iibsadayaasha ee khuseeya khataraha dabada.
Si la yaab leh, sannadkii 1992, shirkadda waalidka ee Kennecott, Rio Tinto, ayaa samaysay "qiimaynta khatarta ah" si loo go'aamiyo mas'uuliyadda suurtagalka ah ee shirkadda haddii ay dhacdo jebinta biyo-xireenka musiibada ah. Shirkaddu waxay ka codsatay Waaxda Dhulka inay isu geyso "tirada dadka ku lug leh… qiyaasaha faafitaanka da'da dadweynaha (caadi, dhallinyaro, da 'weyn) [sida]… tirada carruurta iyo dadka waaweyn ee jooga dugsi kasta nolosha maxkamadaha Utah, oo ku kala duwan da'da."
Xusuus-qorkii Gardner ee 1997 wuxuu ku soo gabagabeeyay "Ogaysiis la'aanta dadweynaha ayaa si gaar ah wareer u leh. Si ka soo horjeeda talada aan mugdi ku jirin ee labada shirkadood ee sharciga ah ee aadka loo tixgeliyo, maamulka Kennecott ma aysan bixin digniintii loo baahnaa sababtoo ah Mr. Joklik wuxuu aaminsanaa inay keeni doonto "argagax iyo suudh" ee dadaalka yaraynta shirkadda….Shirkaddu waxay go'aansatey in nolosha bini'aadamka aysan u qalmin qarashka lagu dhameystirayo casriyeynta seismic-ka habka ay u badan tahay in lagu dhaliyo xad la aqbali karo oo badbaado ah."
Inkastoo Kennecott uu wax ka beddeley, 20-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay, Corner Magna Corner ayaa weli ku guul dareysata inay la kulanto heerka ugu yar ee badbaadada Utah ee dhulgariir kii ugu xumaa ee M 7.2 ee cabbirka Richter. Kennecott wuxuu sheeganayaa in horumarkii ugu dambeeyay lagu dhameyn doono toban sano gudahood.
ZNetwork waxa lagu maalgeliyaa oo keliya deeqsinimada akhristeyaasheeda.
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