February 24, sida aan ku sheegay maqaal ciwaankiisu ahaa “Godka Madow ee GuantanamoGarsoore Henry H. Kennedy Jr. waxa uu ogolaaday codsiga habeas corpus Uthman Abdul Rahim Mohammed Uthman, oo Yemeni ah oo la qabtay isaga oo ka talaabaya xadka Afgaanistaan una socda Pakistan December 2001. siideyntiisa, waxaan sharraxaad kooban ka bixiyey wixii si guud loo ogaa sheekadiisa, anigoo leh:
Sidaan ku sharaxay buugayga Faylasha Guantanamo, Uthman, oo 22 jir ahaa markii la qabanayay, "wuxuu sheegay inuu u safray inta u dhaxaysa Kabul iyo Khost isagoo baraya Quraanka Kariimka March ilaa December 2001." In kasta oo "uu qirtay inuu ku sugnaa guri Taalibaan ah oo ku yaal Quetta, Pakistan, kaas oo ahaa meesha caadiga ah ee ay ka soo galaan mutadawiciinta u yimid inay la dagaalamaan Taliban," wuxuu sheegay in tani ay tahay "kaliya sababtoo ah waxaa loo sheegay inay ahayd. sida kaliya ee uu ku geli karo Afgaanistaan”.
Fikradda garsooraha Kennedy ayaa la sii daayay bil ka hor (PDF), laakiin ka dib si lama filaan ah ayaa looga noqday, oo, laga yaabee in aan dhayalsi aan loo baahnayn, waan ka gaabsaday in aan falanqeeyo, oo aan sugayo in dib loo soo saaro, maadaama aanan hubin inta wax laga beddeli doono. Markii ra'yiga dib loo eegay ugu dambeyntii la sii daayay Abriil 21 (PDF), Waxaan xaqiiqsaday in magaca dembi-baare ka tirsan Adeegga Dembi-baadhista Badda laga saaray, sida hawl-wadeennada kale ee la magacaabay, laakiin in waxyaabaha kale ee muhiimka ah aan laga saarin; gaar ahaan, magacyada laba maxbuus oo kale oo ku eedeeyay in Cuthman "uu ilaalo ahaan u ahaa Usama bin Laden." Labadan nin waa Sharqwi Abdu Ali al-Hajj iyo Sanad Yislam Ali al-Kazimi, qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee ra'yiga, xaakim Kennedy wuxuu yiri:
Maxkamaddu kuma tiirsanaan doonto hadalka Xajka iyo Kazimigu, sababtoo ah waxaa diiwaanka ku jira cadeymo aan la soo koobi karin oo sheegaya, xilliga su'aalaha la weydiinayay ee ay hadallada ka soo jeediyeen, in labada nin dhawaan jirdil loo geystay.
Jirdilkii loo geystay Sharqwi Cabdu Cali al-Xaj
Tani, si naxdin leh, waxay ahayd wax aan la dhayalsan karin. Al-Xaj (sidoo kale loo aqoonsaday Abdu Ali Sharqawi, laakiin loo yaqaan Riyaad Fududeeyaha) ayaa lagu qabtay weerar guri oo ku yaal Pakistan Febraayo 2002 ka dibna waxaa loo gudbiyay Jordan, mid ka mid ah ugu yaraan 15 maxbuus jirdilkiisa waxaa loo gudbiyay maamulka Jordan intii u dhaxeysay 2001 iyo 2004, halkaas oo lagu hayay ku dhawaad laba sano ka hor inta aan loo gudbin CIA ee "Xabsiga mugdiga ah" ee u dhow Kabul, ka dibna, iyada oo loo sii marayo Bagram, Guantánamo.
Sida uu garsooraha Kennedy u sharaxay, waxa uu u sheegay qareenkiisa, Kristin B. Wilhelm, in, "intii lagu hayay Urdun, "si joogto ah loo garaaci jiray looguna hanjabay koronto iyo faraxumayn", ugu dambeyntiina wuxuu sameeyay 'xaqiiqo' wuxuuna qirtay eedeymihii su'aalaha. "si loo joojiyo jirdilka." "Xabsiga mugdiga ah," ayuu raaciyay, "waxaa lagu hayay mugdi dhamaystiran oo waxaa lagu sii daayay muusik dheer oo joogto ah."
Sharaxaada Al-Xaj ee “Xabsiga Madow” waxa uu la mid yahay maxaabiista kale ee badan, oo uu ku jiro dadka degan Ingiriiska. Binyam Maxamed, kuwaas oo sharraxaaddooda lagu soo daray maqaalkayga, "Taariikhda Jirdilka Muusigga ee 'Dagaalka Argagaxisada'.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa ka maqan falanqaynta waqtigiisii Jordan waa sheeko joogta ah oo jirdil, qirasho been abuur ah iyo xiriir joogto ah oo jirdilayyaashiisa CIA, taas oo soo baxday warqad la siiyay Joanne Mariner oo ka tirsan Human Rights Watch Booqashadii uu ku tagay dalka Urdun sanadkii 2008-dii, oo uu qoray al-Xaj intii lagu jiray xabsiga, qiyaastii bishii October 2002. Qoraalkan, oo laga soo tahriibiyay xabsiga, wuxuu ku macneeyay in “uu ahaa maxbuus qarsoodi ah oo u dhashay Urdun. Adeegga sirdoon: aan diiwaan gashanayn, laga gooyay dhammaan isgaadhsiinta oo la qariyay inta lagu guda jiro booqashooyinka wakiilada Guddiga Caalamiga ah ee Laanqeyrta Cas, waxayna bixiyeen soo socota "koob kooban oo ku saabsan dhibaatooyinkayga," sida uu sheegay Mariner:
"Waxay ii garaaceen si aan naxariis garanayn," ayuu qoray Sharqawi, isaga oo tixraacaya afduubayaashiisii Urdun, "walina way i garaacayaan. Waxay iigu hanjabeen koronto, abeesooyin iyo eeyo… [Waxay yiraahdeen] waxaan kaa dhigi doonaa inaad aragto dhimasho." Sharqawi ayaa ka sheekeeyay su'aalo la weeydiiyay, isagoo ku macneeyay in Jordaniyiinta ay quudinayeen jawaabihiisa CIA-da. "Mar kasta oo uu su'aalauhu i weydiiyo macluumaad gaar ah, oo aan la hadlo," Sharqawi ayaa yidhi, "wuxuu i waydiiyaa haddii aan u sheego Maraykanka. Haddaan maya idhaahdo farxad buu la boodaa, wuuna iga tagaa oo madaxdiisa ayuu u sheegaa, wayna ku farxaan”.
Warbixintii u dambaysay ee Human Rights Watch, "halis Double"Hadda uu la'eg yahay su'aalo ku saabsan ragga kale - iyadoo la adeegsanayo sawirro, Afgaanistaan iyo Guantanamo, ayaa sida muuqata lagu tilmaamay "Albumkii qoyska" - ayaa lagu muujiyay tuducdan soo socota, taas oo aan kaliya sharraxin cadaadiska u horseeday inuu bixiyo. eedeymo been ah oo ka dhan ah Uthman Abdul Rahim Mohammed Uthman gudaha Bagram, laakiin sidoo kale waxay muujineysaa sida boqolaal - ama kumanaan - eedeymo kale oo been ah laga yaabo in laga soo saaro:
Waxa la i waydiin jiray had iyo goor, galab iyo maalinba. Waxa la i tusay kumanyaal sawiro, run ahaantii waxaan ula jeedaa kumanyaal, ma buunbuuninayo… Waxay iigu hanjabeen in la igu xad-gudbay oo koronto la igu qabtay. Waxaa la ii sheegay in haddii aan rabo in aan ku baxo naafo joogto ah maskax ahaan iyo jir ahaanba, in taas la diyaarin karo. Waxay sheegeen inay haystaan dhammaan tasiilaadka Urdun si ay taas u gaaraan. Waxaa la ii sheegay in aan la hadlo, wax walbana aan u sheego.
Jirdilkii Sanad al-Kazimi
Sheekada Sanaad al-Kazimi qirashadiisa beenta ah waa mid murugo leh. Waxaa lagu qabtay Imaaraadka Carabta bishii Janaayo 2003, ka dib waxaa lagu wareejiyay ciidamada Mareykanka, kuwaas oo u gudbiyay xabsi qarsoodi ah oo CIA ah oo aan la aqoonsan, ka dibna "Xabsiga mugdiga ah" iyo Bagram, iyo, sida uu sharraxay xaakim Kennedy, wuxuu u sheegay Qareenka, Martha Rayner, in, “intii [isaga] lagu xiray meel ka baxsan Mareykanka, ay su'aalayaashiisu garaaceen; isagoo qaawan oo lagu xidhay qol madow oo qabow; wuxuu ku tuuray biyo qabow isagoo gacmaha iyo lugaha ka xidhan; oo ay u galmoodeen. Kazimi wuxuu u sheegay Rayner in ugu dambeyntii "[h] uu go'aansaday inuu ku dhaho 'Haa' wax kasta oo ay su'aalayaashu yiraahdeen si looga fogaado jirdil kale."
Intaa ka dib waxaa loo raray "Xabsiga mugdiga ah," halkaas oo, ayuu yidhi, "mar walba wuxuu ku jiray mugdi oo ... waa la daboolay, lagu duray, la garaacay, lagu dhuftay fiilooyinka koronto, kor laga saaray, laga dhigay in la qaawan, oo lagu sameeyo. muusig cod dheer oo joogto ah. Kazimi ayaa la sheegay inuu isku dayay inuu is dilo saddex jeer. Waxa uu u sheegay Rayner in uu garwaaqsaday ‘inuu yarayn karo jirdilka isaga oo u sheegaya su’aalaha waydiinaya waxa ay rabaan in ay maqlaan.
Bagram, waxa uu sii waday, "waxa uu ahaa mid go'doonsan, lagu xidhxidhay, 'nafsi nafsiyan loo jirdilay oo ay dhibsadeen ilaalada' quraanka kariimka ah' oo ay su'aalo waydiinayeen 'maalin iyo habeen, iyo marar badan'. inuu u sheego su'aalayaashiisa Bagram isla macluumaadkii uu u sheegay su'aalihii hore 'si ayan isaga wax u yeelin.'
Tani waa ceeb ku filan, laakiin dib Agoosto 2007, Jane Mayer of the New Yorker la hadlay Ramzi Kassem, oo kale oo ka mid ah qareennada al-Kazimi, kaas oo, sida aan ku sharaxay maqaal waagaas, isagoo tafaasiil dheeraad ah ku daray, isagoo u sheegay in:
[Al-Kazimi] waxaa "gacmihiisu ka hakiyay muddo dheer, taasoo keentay in lugihiisa ay si aad ah u bararaan… Aad bay u argagax badan tahay, si dhib ah ayuu uga hadli karaa. Oohin buu ka jabaa.” Waxa uu sidoo kale sheegay in al-Kazimi "uu sheegay in, isagoo daldalaya, lagu garaacay fiilooyin koronto," wuxuuna sharaxay inuu sidoo kale u sheegay, isagoo ku jira "Xabsiga mugdiga ah," inuu "isku dayay inuu is dilo saddex jeer, isagoo madaxa ka garaacay. gidaarada galay": "Wuxuu sameeyey ilaa uu miyir beelay. Markaasay dib u toleen. Sidaas ayuu haddana sameeyay. Markii dambe ee uu soo toosay, waa la xidhay, waxayna siiyeen dawooyin dejiyeyaal ah. Wuxuu codsaday inuu galo musqusha, ka dibna wuu sameeyay mar kale. Munaasabadan ugu dambeysay, Kassem wuxuu ku daray, "waxaa la siiyay dejiyeyaal badan, waxaana lagu xiray qaab aad u xaddidan."
Qisadii Uthman Abdul Rahim Mohammed Cuthman
Xisaabaadkan, ayaa nasiib darro ah, ku habboon qaab jir dil iyo qirasho been abuur ah oo marba marka ka dambaysa soo shaac baxaaya, cadaymo badanna la soo bandhigo, waxa kale oo ay xaqiijinayaan in labada nin ee aan kor ku soo xusnay ay ahaayeen. ka mid ah 94 maxbuus - qaar badan oo aan weli la ogeyn - kuwaas oo lagu hayo xabsiyo qarsoodi ah oo CIA ah oo lagula kacay si gaar ah loola dhaqmoPDF). Marka la barbardhigo iyaga, Cuthmaan sheekadiisa si fudud ayaa loo hadheeyay.
Tani waa laga yaabaa inay tahay mid la fahmi karo, maadaama aysan jirin wax caddayn ah oo dawladdu u maleyneyso inay si buuxda u beeninayso sheegashadiisa ah inuu Afgaanistaan ku sugnaa adeeg ahaan, sababtoo ah dhammaan dacwadda isaga ka dhanka ah waxay ku saleysan tahay eedeymaha ay soo jeediyeen maxaabiista kale (marka lagu daro al-Xaj iyo al- Kazimi), ama isku dayo in uu urur ahaan u sheego dambiga dhinaca dawladda taas oo ka dhigaysa wax qarsoodi ah kiiskiisa.
Inta kale ee ra'yiga xaakimka, isku dayo dheeraad ah oo ay dowladdu samaysay si ay u caddeyso in Cuthman uu ahaa waardiye u ahaa bin Laden, in uu ku soo tababartay xero Al-Qaacida oo uu goob joog ka ahaa dagaalkii Tora Bora (halkaas oo al-Qaacida iyo Taliban waxay la dagaalameen ciidamada Maraykanka iyo wakiilladoodii Afgaanistaan bilihii Noofambar iyo Disembar 2001) waxaa lagu sharfay aqoonsiyo ku salaysan sawir iyo magacyo kala duwan oo kunyas ah oo uu xaakim Kennedy ku helay wax aan lagu qancin. Eedeymaha kaliya ee la siiyay miisaan kasta oo la taaban karo ayaa ah sheegashooyin ah in shaqsi “taageray jihaadka” uu maalgeliyay safarkiisa, in uu raacay waddo caadiyan ay isticmaali jireen askartii al-Qaacida, iyo in lagu arkay laba guri oo marti ah oo ku yaal Afgaanistaan oo la sheegay in lala xiriiriyay. al-Qaacida.
Maxaabiis kale ayaa soo galay oo ka baxay sheekadan - Cabdul Xakiim Bukhaari, Sucuudi ah (laga sii daayay Guantanamo Bishii Sebtembar 2007) kaasoo yimid Afgaanistaan ka dib weerarradii 9/11 ee Jihaadka, laakiin waxaa loo xiray jaajuus ahaan, kaasoo si aan macquul ahayn u sheegay in Uthman "uu ahaa xubin ka tirsan Osama bin Laden… sirta amniga" kahor 9/11, markii Bukhaari ahaa t dalka oo aan lahayn aqoontaas; iyo Richard Belmar, oo ah muwaadin British ah (oo la sii daayay Janaayo 2005), kaas oo lagu qabtay Pakistan Febraayo 2002, oo, "markii la tuso sawirka Cuthman," wuxuu sheegay in "laga yaabo inuu ahaa amiir hoose," ama hoggaamiye. , 'guriga martida ee Kandahar,'” inkastoo, sida muuqata, Belmar ma joogin Kandahar isla waqtigii Cuthman.
Garsooraha ayaa diiday in uu hadalkaas gebi ahaanba iska indho tiray, balse, haddii aan runta ka hadlo, way adag tahay in la arko sababta loo diiday, iyada oo sida ay xaqiiqadu u dhisan tahay ay u muuqato mid jilicsan sida wax kasta oo kale oo ay dawladdu ku tuurtay Cuthmaan iyada oo rajaynaysa in qaarkood ul, iyo, weliba, Belmar ayaa yidhi markii la sii daayay in, hal mar Bagram, "bastoolad ayaa afkiisa lagu qasbay,” wuxuuna sharaxay, “Waxay dhadhamisay qabow, qadhaadh. Waxaan u maleeyay, 'Haa, tani way sii xumaanaysaa, waxaa jirta fursad wanaagsan oo ay kicinayaan.'
Meel kale, dawladdu waxay isku dayday inay isku daydo dambiga ururka, iyada oo ku andacoonaysa, sababtoo ah Cuthman waxaa lagu qabtay agagaarka Toora Boora isaga iyo 30 nin oo kale, "in yar oo ka mid ah oo uu ka yiqiin Yaman," kuwaas oo "la qirtay - ama ugu yaraan. , eedaysane, xubno ka tirsan al-Qaacida, oo qaarkood laga yaabo inay ka yimaaddeen Toora Boora, "Maxkamaddu waa inay soo bandhigtaa in sheekada Uthman been ahayd.
Runta, si daacad ah, waa adag tahay in la dhiso, sida xaakim Kennedy aqoonsaday. Kooxda Cuthman lala soo qabtay oo ka kooban 30 nin ayaa muddo dheer dowladdu ku tilmaantay “Soddon wasakh ah, oo loo sawiray, sidii arrintii Cuthman, sida ilaalada bin Laden. Ilaa uu kiiskan ka soo baxay maxkamadda, waxa loo malaynayay in eedaymaha waardiyaha ahi ka yimaaddeen Maxamed al-Qahtani, oo 20 jir ah.th Afduubihii weeraradii 9/11, kaas oo jirdilkii Guantanamo si fiican loo yaqaan (oo ahaa waxaa qirtay sarkaal ka tirsan Pentagon Susan Crawford Bishii Janaayo 2009), laakiin al-Qahtani si qarsoodi ah ayuu uga maqan yahay kiiska Cuthman, sida lagu eedeeyay xubin ka tirsan al-Qaacida Ibrahim al-Qosi (oo hadda wajahaya). Maxkamadeyn ay sameeyeen Guddiga Militariga) iyo xubin ka tirsan al-Qaacida Cali Xamza al-Bahlul, kuwaas oo iyagana la qabtay wakhtigan.
Waxaa laga yaabaa in ay aad uga xumaato dowladda in ay qirato in aysan suurtagal ahayn in la ogaado in qof kasta oo la qabtay waqtigan uu ka tirsan yahay Al-Qaacida, iyo in ragga qaarkood ay ahaayeen kuwo adeegayaal ah ama samafalayaal bini'aadantinimo ah, isku dayay in ay ka baxsadaan fowdada. duulaankii Afgaanistaan ka dib oo qayb ka ah qaxii Carabta guud ahaan, laakiin maaha mid ka baxsan xadka sababta in tani ay tahay, sida uu xaakim Kennedy aqbalay gunaanadkiisii, markii uu yidhi:
Isku soo wada duuboo, Maxkamaddu waxay caddaynaysaa in Cuthmaan (1) uu wax ku bartay dugsi rag kale loo qoray inay u dagaalamaan Al-Qaacida; (2) wuxuu ka helay lacag safarkiisa Afgaanistaan shaqsi taageersan jihaadka; (3) Wuxuu u safray Afgaanistaan isagoo soo maray waddo ay sidoo kale mareen askartii al-Qaacidda; (4) waxaa lagu arkay laba guri oo al-Qaacida ah oo ku yaal Afgaanistaan; iyo (5) la joogay xubno ka tirsan al-Qaacida agagaarka Tora Boora ka dib dagaalkii halkaas ka dhacay.
Xataa marka la isku soo wada duubo, xaqiiqooyinkan kuma qancin Maxkamadda iyadoo la sii xoojinayo caddaymaha uu Cuthman ka helay oo uu fuliyay amaro uga yimid Al-Qaacida. In kasta oo xogtani ay waafaqsan tahay soo jeedintii ahayd in Cuthmaan uu ka mid ahaa Al-Qaacida, haddana ma aha mid caddaynaysa eedaymahaas. Sida lagu macneeyey, diiwaanku kuma jiro cadeymo la isku halleyn karo oo muujinaya in Cuthman uu ahaa waardiye u ahaa Usama Bin Laden ama uu u dagaalamay Al-Qaacida. Hubaal, mid ka mid ah xaqiiqooyinka jawaab-bixiyeyaashu caddeeyeen inay run yihiin ma jiraan caddayn toos ah oo dagaal ama haddii kale "helidda iyo fulinta amarrada"… weydiiso Maxkamadda inay samayso waxay u badan tahay inay sax yihiin. Ururada xubnaha ka ah al-Qaacida, ama hay'adaha ay xubnaha al-Qaacida xidhiidh la leeyihiin, kuma filna inay muujiyaan in, si ka badan, in uu Cuthman ka mid ahaa al-Qaacida.
Bixinta codsiga Uthman' habeas, xaakim Kennedy wuxuu ku daray in, "markii ugu horeysay," qaar ka mid ah cadeymaha dowladda ayaa ahaa "dembi aad u daran Uthman oo ay taageerayaan jagada uu si sharci ah u xiran yahay," laakiin in, baaritaan dhow, waxaa jiray. "Sababta aan loo aqoonsan qaar ka mid ah gabi ahaanba iyo sababta lagu soo gabagabeynayo in waxa hadhsan aysan ku dhowayn sida wax u dhimi kara booska jawaab bixiyaha sida ay sheegaan."
Gabagabo naxdin leh
Run ahaantii arrintu waa arrin jirta, laakiin waxa ka maqan gebagebadii garsoore Kennedy, laakiin si cad ayay u caddahay ra'yigiisa guud ahaan, in hadhyada aan waligood isku qabsanayn shakhsiga kelida ah ee Cuthman Abdul Rahim Mohammed Uthman aanay dadku ku noolayn. Marqaatiyo lagu kalsoonaan karo, laakiin ay raacaan dhibbanayaasha jirdilka ama maxaabiista kale ee daallantay ee su'aalo weydiinta aan dhammaadka lahayn, kuwaas oo, marka la tuso sawiro, alifay sheekooyin si ay u joojiyaan jirdilka, ama si ay su'aalo weydiinaya dhabarka ka bixiyaan.
Sida muujinta sida loo soo saaro qirasho been abuur ah si loogu ciqaabo maxaabiista aan muhiimka ahayn ee Guantánamo, way adkaan doontaa in la helo dukumeenti si fiican u muujinaya macnaha naxariis darada ah ee "Dagaalka Argagixisada" marka loo eego ra'yigan, iyo marka sawirka weyn la eego - Hadalka Sharqwi Abdu Ali al-Hajj ee ah, gudaha Urdun, "waxaa la i tusay kumannaan sawiro ah, oo waxaan ula jeedaa kumanyaal" - baaxadda sixir bararka naxdinta leh ayaa si cad loo muujiyay.
Marka laga soo tago Guantanamo, meesha garsoorayaasha habeas aan awood loo siin inay ku tumanayaan, yaa garanaya imisa nin oo kale ma la qabtay sababtoo ah qirasho been ah oo lagu sameeyay jirdil?
noteWax badan oo ku saabsan Guantanamo iyo habeas corpus, eeg mashruucayga, "Guantanamo Habeas Week. "
Andy waa qoraaga The Guantánamo Files: Sheekooyinka 774 maxbuus ee ku jira xabsiga sharci-darrada ah ee Maraykanka. Websaydhkiisu waa: http://www.andyworthington.co.uk/
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