HBoqolaal ka mid ah dadka deggan Q'eqchi'Maya ee deggan waqooyiga bartamaha Guatemalan ee degmada Chisec ayaa isugu soo baxay waddooyinka iyaga oo mudaaharaadaya ka dib Energuate, oo ay leedahay shirkadda tamarta Israel ee IC Power, adeegyada tamarta la joojiyay magaalada dhexdeeda. Dadka deegaanka ayaa sameeyay jidgooyo nabadeed 14-kii Juun si ay u joojiyaan gaadiidka soo galaya iyo kuwa dhex wareegaya Chisec.
Shirkaddu waxay qiil uga dhigtay joojinta adeegga 38 ka mid ah bulshooyinka degmada, oo ku yaal waaxda Alta Verapaz, iyadoo tixraacaysa xaqiiqda ah in dadka deggan 13 bulsho ay diideen inay bixiyaan biilasha.
Adeegyada tamarta ayaa weli ah kuwa liita dalka oo dhan, iyadoo adeeggu si joogto ah u go'ay, gaar ahaan meelaha miyiga ah sida Chisec. "Marka ay korontadu baxdo way na saamaysaa," ayay tiri Rita Coc, oo deggan Sepoc, tuulo yar oo ay ku nool yihiin ku dhawaad โโ100 qoys saacaddii waxay ku sii socdaan wadooyin qarda-jeex ah oo ka yimid Chisec. "Shumacyada aan isticmaalno uma iftiimiyaan guriga sida aan u baahanahay marka aan daryeeleyno xubnaha qoyskayaga jiran. Waxaan u barannay in aan nalal ku haysanno guryahayaga, taasina waa sababta aan ugu baahanahay inaan helno hab aan hoos ugu dhigno qiimaha tamarta."
Manuel, oo degan Sepoc, ayaa sharaxay in dad badan oo magaalada ku nool ay go'aansadeen in ay joojiyaan bixinta biilasha nalalka sababo la xiriira kharashyo mamnuuc ah. Kharashaadka ayuu ku tilmaamay โdhacโ, iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay in marar badan, ay ku bixinayaan adeeg aysan helin. "Waxaan bixinay biilasha in muddo ah, laakiin ma sii wadi karno in aan iska bixinno dhacan markii aan ku tiirsannahay dakhliga yar ee ka soo baxa dalagyadayada," ayuu yidhi.
Dhaqdhaqaaqayaasha iyo dadka deegaanka ayaa qiyaasaya in badi bulshooyinka Chisec aysan helin nalka dadweynaha. "Waxaan bixinaa kharashyo badan sababtoo ah nalalka dadweynaha," ayay tiri Rita Coc, oo deggan Sepoc. "Laakin waligey hal nal kuma arag waddooyinka."
Dhaqdhaqaaqayaasha Chisec ee taageeraya bulshooyinka mudaharaadkooda waxay qiyaasayaan in kharashyada laydhka ee goobaha dadweynaha - kuwaas oo inta badan kiisaska lagu dabooli doono miisaaniyada dawladda hoose, maaha mid shakhsi ahaaneed - oo ka kooban boqolkiiba 60 kharashka tamarta bishiiba, xitaa marka adeeggu yahay mid goos goos ah ama aan jirin.
Sepoc ayaa markii ugu horeysay ku xiran shabakada tamarta qaranka ee 2014. Markay helaan biilasha ugu horeeya, bulshada campesino waxay la yaabtay inay arkaan kharashyo badan oo bille ah, oo ka badan 200 ilaa 400 Guatemala quetzales ($ 25 ilaa $ 50), oo si fiican uga baxsan dakhligooda bil kasta. In kasta oo mushaharka ugu yar ee rasmiga ah ee Guatemala ee shaqaalaha beeralayda uu yahay 2,644 quetzales bishii ($ 343 USD), laakiin inta badan xeryaha yar yar ma helaan dakhli joogto ah, celcelis ahaan qiyaastii 800 Quetzales ($ 100 USD) bishiiba tuulooyinka Chisec, sida laga soo xigtay dadka degan degmada.
Bulsho badan ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaara in ay magaalooyinkooda ku soo xiraan shabkada korontada marka ugu horeysa, oo ay ku jiraan xaaladaha qaarkood xitaa in ay dhisaan tiirarka xadhkaha korontada ee bulshadooda. Marka koronto la keeno, biilasha shaqsiga ah ee bilaha ah waxaa ka mid ah kharashka isticmaalka qoyska iyo nalalka dadweynaha ee ay bixiso shirkadu oo ay maamusho degmada.
Sepoc, dadka deegaanka ayaa diiday in ay bixiyaan biilasha muddo ku dhow afar sano iyaga oo ka cabanaya la'aanta nalka dadweynaha iyo kharashka badan.
Tamarta "cadaalad darada" iyo colaadaha sii kordhaya
ABulshooyinka ayaa mudaaharaad dhigay bishii Juun, Jordรกn Rodas, Wakiilka Xuquuqda Aadanaha ee Guatemala (PDH), wuxuu gudbiyay dacwad ka dhan ah Energuate ee dhimista adeegyada. Shirkaddu waxay bilawday inay dib u soo celiso adeegyadii tamarta ee hakadkanaa horraantii bishii Luulyo ka dib markii ay heshiis la gashay bulshooyinka ay dhibaatadu saameysey. Energuate waxay ogolaatay inay hoos u dhigto kharashaadka boqolkiiba 40 beelaha Chitocรกn II, Babatzul, Cubilgรผitz, Semanzana, Tonzul Uculรก, Secocpur, iyo Sequixquib, iyo sidoo kale in la dhimo deymaha bulshooyinkan wakhtiga aanay bulshadu bixin korontada, sida laga soo xigtay war saxaafadeed ay shirkaddu siisay qoraaga iyada oo la adeegsanayo whatsapp.
Bulshooyinka kale sida Sepoc waxay sii wadaan inay la kulmaan deymo aan la bixin sanadaha aysan bixin adeegga. Laakiin dadka deegaanka ayaa rajeynaya inay la xaajoodaan Energuate si ay u helaan hab lagu dhimo deynta, xalinta kharashaadka badan, iyo sidoo kale baabi'inta khidmadaha fanka ee adeegyada aysan waligood helin.
Maalmo ka dib markii la xiray waddooyinka Chisec, mudaaharaadyada looga soo horjeedo shirkadda tamarta ayaa ku fiday dalka oo dhan xeebta koonfureed. Dadka deegaanka ayaa xannibay taraafikada 28-kii Juunyo wadada weyn ee dhex marta Coatepeque, Quetzaltenango si ay uga mudaaharaadaan joojinta tamarta toddobo bulsho oo degmada dhexdeeda ah. Jidgooyada ayaa socday laba maalmood, iyadoo la joojiyay dhoofinta mid ka mid ah waddooyinka waaweyn ee Guatemala. Juun 29, Booliska Qaranka Guatemala ayaa la geeyay si ay u banneeyaan wadada weyn, iyaga oo ridaya sunta dadka ka ilmeysiisa si ay u kala eryaan dibadbaxayaasha.
Energuate waxay sheegtay in beelaha Coatepeque ay diideen inay bixiyaan lacag ku dhawaad โโsideed sano. Shirkaduhu waxay sheegeen in bulshooyinka aan waxba bixin ay leeyihiin wax wadareed deynta taagan in ka badan 21 milyan Quetzales ($2.8 milyan USD.)
Bil ka dib, Agoosto 3, dad cadhaysan oo ka yimid tuulada San Agustรญn Pacayรก ayaa la sheegay xabsiga loo taxaabay maayarkii dawladda hoose, Alfonso Garcรญa Junco, isaga oo booqday tuulada si uu u bilaabo wadahadal lagu soo afjarayo khilaafka kharashka tamarta. Wargeyska maalinlaha ah ee Guatemala Prensa Libre ayaa sheegay in San Agustรญn Pacayรก uu ahaa mid ka mid ah seddex beelood, oo ay ku jiraan El Troje iyo San Rafael Pacayรก 1 kuwaas oo diiday wada-hadalka lagu soo afjarayo khilaafka.
Haddana duqa ayaa soo saaray bayaanka PDH 3-dii Agoosto halkaas oo uu ka soo horjeeday wararka oo uu beeniyay in la xiray. Waxa uu ku andacoodey in aysan jirin wax dhacay, waxa uuna ugu baaqay warbaahinta in ay iska ilaaliyaan in ay tabiyaan wararka la buun buuniyay, isaga oo ku baaqay in la is dejiyo.
Si kasta oo uu hadalka u dhigay badhasaabku, ayaa haddana waxa bulshada loo daad-gureeyay ciidamo boolis ah, si ay maayarka uga soo daayaan dad la sheegay in uu gacanta ku dhigay, halkaas oo dad cadhaysan ay iskaga horyimaadeen markii ay soo gaadheen. Markii la sii daayay dabayaaqadii Agoosto 3, Duqa Garcรญa Junco ayaa sii waday sheegashada in uu doortay in uu iskiis u dhex joogo bulshada si uu u helo hab lagu xaliyo khilaafka tamareed.
Hase yeeshee siyaasiyiinta garabka midig, sida Alvaro Arzรบ Escobar, Madaxweynaha hadda ee Congress-ka iyo wiilka duqii hore ee Guatemala City, ayaa twitter-ka ku eedeeyay guddiga horumarinta Campesino (CODECA), kaas oo si firfircoon uga qayb qaatay halganka Qaramaynta tamarta in ka badan toban sano, ee waxa warbaahinta qaranka ay ku dhawaaqday afduub. Siyaasiyiinta kale ayaa sidoo kale eedayn dusha uga tuuray Guddiga Midnimada Campesino (CUC).
Wakiilada CODECA iyo CUC ayaa si cad u beeniyay inay qayb ka yihiin afduubka lagu eedeeyay maayarka. Labada ururba waxay isku xiraan isku dhacyada qiimaha sarreeya ee tamarta iyo gaar-yeelaynta tamarta. Duqa ayaa sidoo kale si joogta ah u diiday in la afduubay.
Dhaxalka gaar-ahaaneed
ENergy ee Guatemala waxa ay ku jirtay maamul gaar ah ilaa 1997, markaasoo adeegyada tamarta laga dhigay mid gaar loo leeyahay ka dib markii uu dhamaaday iskahorimaadkii hubaysanaa ee dalka ee 36 sano jirsaday. Qiimaha tamarta ayaa si degdeg ah u kordhay ku dhawaad โโ212 boqolkiiba, marka loo eego waxbarasho by CODECA ee 2014, waxayna sii waday inay korodho labaatankii sano ee la soo dhaafay tan iyo markii Energuate u wareegay gacmo gaar ah.
Shirkadda Isbaanishka ee Uniรณn Fenosa waxay asal ahaan iibsatay Energuate 1997, waxayna maamushay shirkadda ilaa 2011 markii Uniรณn Fenosa iibiyey saamigeedii ee shirkadda markii la xidhay. Shirkadda Biritishka ee gaarka loo leeyahay ee Actis ayaa markaa la wareegtay Energuate. Sannadkii 2015, shirkadda Israel IC Power, oo hoos timaada Kenon Holdings, ayaa iibsatay shirkadda. Sida laga soo xigtay Energuate, shirkadda bixiyaans tamarta ilaa 1.7 milyan macaamiisha 20 ka mid ah 22 waaxood ee Guatemala, in kastoo khariidada Mareegta shirkadu waxay ka kooban tahay 19 waaxood.
Labaatankii sano ee la soo dhaafay tan iyo dhammaadkii dagaalkii sokeeye, Guatemala waxay xaqiijisatay boos mid ka mid ah dhoofiyeyaasha aasaasiga ah ee tamarta inteeda kale ee Bartamaha Ameerika iyada oo qayb ka ah heshiiska dhaqaalaha suuqa guud ee gobolka. Sida laga soo xigtay xogta ka socota Wasaaradda Tamarta iyo Macdanta ee Guatemala, 2015, Guatemala waxay soo saartay 3,139 megawatts oo tamar ah, kaas oo waddanku uu cunay qiyaastii 1,700. Inta soo hartay waxaa loo dhoofiyay gobolka ku xeeran, oo ay ku jirto Mexico.
Dhanka kale, Maraykanku wuu sii socdaa si kor loogu qaado ballaarinta Jiilka tamarta guud ahaan Guatemala iyo Bartamaha Ameerika si loo yareeyo kharashyada. Dhowaanahan, dadaalladan waxaa lagu horumarinayaa qayb ka mid ah Isbahaysiga Barwaaqada, qorshaha uu bilaabay 2015 maamulka Obama si uu si muuqata u joojiyo socdaalka Guatemala, El Salvador, iyo Honduras. Dhismaha mashruucyo koronto oo cusub oo dalka oo dhan ah ayaa keenay inta badan tamarta cusub ee tamarta.
Saraakiisha Maraykanka ee kor u qaadaya balaadhinta waxay ku adkaysanayaan in kordhinta wax soo saarka tamarta ee gobolku aanay hoos u dhigi doonin oo kaliya kharashaadka, balse ay sidoo kale "dejin doonaan" xadhkaha. Saraakiishu waxay ku doodayaan in tani ay ka dhigan tahay in adeegyada la wanaajiyay iyo in la helo hab lagu horumariyo dhaqaalaha gobolka.
"Siyaasadda tamarta ee Bartamaha Ameerika waxay diiradda saareysaa gaarsiinta tamar la heli karo, la isku halleyn karo oo la awoodi karo dadweynaha," ayuu yiri Brian Nichols, safiirkii hore ee Mareykanka ee Peru iyo sii hayaha ku meel gaarka ah ee safaaradda Mareykanka ee Tegucigalpa, Honduras. "Isku dhafka tamarta guud ahaan cirifka cirifka waxay ka dhigan tahay in la heli karo tamar badan oo la isku halayn karo, gaar ahaan marka cimilada iyo cimiladu ay noqonayaan kuwo aan la saadaalin karin. Isku-xirnaanta waxay bixisaa fursad lagu xasiliyo awoodda."
Haddana wax soo saarka korodhay ma hoos u dhigin kharashaadka wuxuuna abuuray iskahorimaadyo bulsho oo cusub iyo barokac guud ahaan Guatemala. Abaaraha ayaa sidoo kale saameeyay kharashka tamarta ee gobolka, iyadoo qiimaha tamarta uu kor u kacay 2016 sababtoo ah si loo yareeyo heerarka wax soo saarka Biyo xidheenka Chixoy ee Baja Verapaz, oo ah mid ka mid ah wax soo saarka ugu weyn ee dalka.
Gaar ka dhigista shabkada korantada ayaa saameyn la mid ah ku yeelatay deriska Honduras ee 2016 iyo El Salvador sanadkii 1998. Saraakiisha Maraykanku waxay ku doodayaan in kor u kaca kharashku uu ka dhashay qiimuhu la siman yahay qiyamka suuqa.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida ay xaaladdu tahay Sepoc, ka dhigista tamarta ayaa si adag u saamaysay bulshooyinka reer miyiga ah ee la ildaran heerka saboolnimada ba'an.
"Waa cadaalad darro in ay nagu soo oogaan [wax aynaan helin]," ayuu yiri Manuel. "Waxaan ku tiirsannahay dalagyada yar ee aan iibino. Laakiin way nagu adag tahay in aan bixino, laakiin mar walba ma helno lacag bil kasta, qayb ahaan, sababtoo ah lacag ma helno bil kasta. Wax walba ayay nagu adkaynaysaa.โ
Jeff Abbott waa wariye madax banaan oo hadda fadhigiisu yahay Guatemala. Shaqadiisu waxay ka soo muuqatay Horumarka, Waqtiyadan, iyo Runta. Raac isaga on Twitter @palabrasdeabajo.
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