Mudaaharaadyo wareeg ah bilaabay ee Haiti bishii Luulyo 2018, iyo — in kasta oo masiibadadu — ay sii socotay tan iyo markaas. Sababta ugu weyn ee mudaaharaadka ee 2018 waxay ahayd bishii Maarso ee sanadkaas dowladda Venezuela-sabato ah sharci-darrada ah cunaqabataynta uu Maraykanku soo rogay -ma soo rari karo saliid dhimis Haiti iyada oo loo marayo nidaamka PetroCaribe. Qiimaha shidaalka korodhay ilaa boqolkiiba 50. Agoosto 14, 2018, filim sameeye Gilbert Mirambeau Jr. tweeted sawir isaga oo indhaha ka xidhan oo haysta boodh ay ku qoran tahay, “Kot Kòb Petwo Karibe a???” (Aaway lacagtii PetroCaribe?). Waxa uu ka tarjumayay dareenka caanka ah ee dalka ka jira ee ah in lacagta qorshahan ay bililiqeysteen madaxda Haitian, kuwaas oo qabashadooda dalka lagu hubiyay laba afgambi oo ka dhan ah madaxweynihii dimuqraadiga ahaa ee la doortay Jean-Bertrand Aristide (mar 1991 iyo mar kale 2004). Sare u kaca qiimaha saliidda ayaa nolosha ka dhigay mid aan lagu noolaan karin inta badan dadka, kuwaas oo mudaaharaadkoodu ay qalalaasaha sharcinimada siyaasadeed u abuureen madaxda Haiti.
Toddobaadyadii la soo dhaafay, waddooyinka Haiti ayaa mar kale la soo galiyay socodyo waaweyn iyo jidgooyo, iyadoo niyadda laga dareemayo. Bangiyada iyo ururada aan dawliga ahayn (NGOs) — oo ay ku jiraan Hay'adaha samafalka Catholic- waxay la kulmeen cadho mudaaharaadayaasha, kuwaas oo rinji "Laga daa [USA]" dhismayaal ay booqdeen oo gubeen. Ereyga Creole dechoukaj ama rujin - taasi waxay ahayd marka hore la isticmaalo dhaqdhaqaaqyadii dimoqraadiyada ee 1986-kii ayaa yimid qeexo mudaharaadyadan. Dowladda ayaa ku eedeysay rabshadahaasi inay ka dambeeyaan kooxo uu ka mid yahay G9 oo uu hoggaamiyo sarkaalkii hore ee booliiska Haiti Jimmy "Babekyou" (Barbecue) Chérizier. Kooxahan ayaa runtii qayb ka ah dhaqdhaqaaqa mudaaharaadka, laakiin ma qeexaan.
Dowladda Haiti-oo uu hogaamiyo ku simaha madaxweynaha Ariel Henry-ayaa go'aansaday in ay sare u qaaddo qiimaha shidaalka inta lagu guda jiro xiisadan,taasi oo ka careysiisay mudaaharaad ka yimid ururada gaadiidka. Jacques Anderson Desroches, madaxweynaha Fós Sendikal pou Sove Ayiti, ayaa sheegay Haitian Times, "Haddii gobolku aanu go'aansanin in la joojiyo xoraynta suuqa saliida ee u janjeera shirkadaha saliida oo ay gacanta ku dhigaan," wax wanaagsan kama iman doono. "[Haddii kale]," ayuu yidhi, "dhammaan tillaabooyinka uu qaado Ariel Henry waxay noqon doonaan tallaabooyin isqurxin." Sebtembar 26, ururada shaqaalaha ayaa ku baaqay shaqo joojin, taas oo curyaan ah dalka, oo ay ku jirto caasimadda Haiti, Port-au-Prince.
Qaramada Midoobay (UN) Daadgureyn shaqaalaheeda aan muhiimka ahayn ee dalka ka yimid. Ergeyga gaarka ah ee Qaramada Midoobay Helen La Lime ayaa sheegay Golaha Ammaanka ee Qaramada Midoobay in Haiti ay curyaamisay "xasas dhaqaale, qalalaase burcad ah, iyo qalalaase siyaasadeed" kuwaas oo " isu rogay masiibo bini'aadantinimo." Sharcinimada Qaramada Midoobay ee Haiti waa mid xadidan, marka loo eego xadgudubka galmo fadeexado kuwaas oo burburiyay hawlgaladii nabad ilaalinta Qaramada Midoobay ee Haiti, iyo waajibaadka siyaasadeed ee Qaramada Midoobay ee dadka Haiti u arkaan inay ku jihaysan tahay ilaalinta madaxda musuqmaasuqa ah ee fuliya rabitaanka reer galbeedka.
Madaxweynaha hadda ee Ariel Henry ayaa ahaa rakibay qoraalkiisa waxaa qoray "Kooxda Koowaad” (oo ka kooban lix wadan, kooxdan waxaa hogaaminaya Mareykanka, Midowga Yurub, UN, iyo Ururka Mareykanka). Henry wuxuu noqday madaxweynaha ka dib dilkii aan wali la xalin ee madaxweynihii aan la jeclayn ee Jovenel Moïse (ilaa hadda, kan kaliya ee Hufnaan waa in Moise ay dileen calooshood u shaqeystayaasha Colombia iyo Haitian Americans). La Lime ee Qaramada Midoobay ayaa sheegay Golaha Ammaanka ee bishii Febraayo in "baaritaanka qaran ee dilkiisa [Moise] uu istaagay, xaalad sii kicinaysa xanta oo sii xumaynaysa shakiga iyo kalsooni darada gudaha dalka."
Dhibaatooyinka Haiti
Fahamka wareegtada mudaaharaadyada hadda ma suurtowdo iyada oo aan si cad loo eegin afar horumar oo Haiti dhawaanahan soo maray. Marka hore, xasiloonida dalka ka dib afgambigii labaad ee ka dhanka ahaa Aristide 2004, kaas oo dhacay isla markiiba ka dib musiibo Dhulgariirkii 2010, ayaa horseeday burburka gobolka Haiti. Kooxda Xudunta ah ee waddamadu waxay ka faa'iidaysteen dhibaatooyinkan halista ah ee Haiti si ay u soo dhoofiyaan jasiiradda NGO-yo badan oo reer galbeedka ah, kuwaas oo u muuqday inay bedelaan dawladda Haitian. NGO-yada dhawaan siiyaa 80 boqolkiiba adeegyada dadweynaha. Waxay "shiilan” lacag aad u badan oo ka mid ah gargaarka iyo gargaarka dalka soo galay dhulgariirka ka dib. Hay’adaha dawliga ah ee daciifka ah waxay ka dhigan tahay in dawladdu haysato qalab yar oo ay wax kaga qabato dhibaatadan aan xal loo helin.
Marka labaad, sharci-darrada ah Cunaqabateynta Mareykanka uu ku soo rogay Venezuela ayaa burburisay qorshaha PetroCaribe, kaasoo lahaa siiyaa Haiti oo leh iibka saliida yar yar iyo $2 bilyan oo macaash ah intii u dhaxaysay 2008 iyo 2016 taas oo loogu talagalay gobolka Haitian laakiin ku luntay xisaabaadka bangiga ee dadka caanka ah.
Saddex, 2009, baarlamaanka Haitian isku dayay in la kordhiyo mushaharka ugu yar ee jasiiradda oo laga dhigo $5 maalintii, laakiin dawladda Maraykanku waxay soo faragalisay iyada oo wakiil ka ah shirkadaha waaweyn ee dharka iyo dharka si ay u joojiyaan biilka. David Lindwall, ku xigeenkii hore ee Mareykanka ee howlgalka Port-au-Prince, ayaa sheegay in in Haitian isku dayga ah in ay kor u qaadaan mushaharka ugu yar "ma aysan xisaabtamin xaqiiqda dhaqaalaha" laakiin kaliya waxay ahayd isku day lagu qancinayo "shacabka shaqo la'aanta ah iyo kuwa mushahar la'aanta ah." Sharcigan ayaa looga adkaaday cadaadis dowladda Mareykanka ay saartay. Kuwan "Shaqo la'aanta iyo Mushahar la'aanta" ayaa hadda waddooyinka taagan oo lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin "koox" Kooxda Muhiimka ah.
Afar, ku-simaha madaxweynaha Ariel Henry wuxuu jecel yahay inuu sheego inuu yahay dhakhtarka neerfaha ee maaha siyaasi xirfadeed. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xagaagii 2000, Henry wuxuu ka mid ahaa kooxdii abuurtay Convergence Democratique (CD), oo loo dejiyay inay ku baaqdo in la afgambiyo dawladdii dimuqraadiga ahayd ee la soo doortay ee Aristide. CD-gu wuxuu ahaa samee Haiti oo uu leeyahay Machadka Caalamiga ah ee Jamhuuriga, oo ah cudud siyaasadeed oo ka tirsan Xisbiga Jamhuuriga Maraykanka, iyo dawladda Maraykanka ee National Endowment for Democracy. Henry's call xasiloonida Sebtembar 19, 2022, waxay keentay in la sameeyo dhufeysyo badan iyo xoojinta dhaqdhaqaaqa mudaharaadka. Dhegtiisu waxay aad ugu foorarsan tahay Washington marka loo eego Petit-Goâve, oo ah magaalo ku taal xeebta waqooyi ee xudunta u ah fallaagada.
Mowjadaha Duulaanka
Dhanka Qaramada Midoobay, Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda ee Haiti Jean Victor Geneus ayaa sheegay in, "[T] jahawareerkiisa waxa kaliya oo lagu xallin karaa taageerada wax ku oolka ah ee la-hawlgalayaashayada." In badan oo ka mid ah indha-indheeyayaal u dhow xaaladda Haiti, weedha "taageerada wax ku oolka ah" waxay u egtahay faragelin kale oo militari oo ay sameeyeen quwadaha reer galbeedka. Runtii, tifaftirka Washington Post loo yaqaan loogu talagalay "ficilka murqaha ee jilayaasha dibadda." Ilaa iyo kacaankii Haitian, kaas oo dhamaaday 1804tii, Haiti waxa ay wajahday mowjado duullaan ah (oo uu ku jiro Maraykanka dheer shaqo laga bilaabo 1915 ilaa 1930 iyo Maraykanku taageeray kaligii talisnimada 1957 ilaa 1986). Duullaankani waxa ay ka hor istaageen in qaranka jasiiradda ahi uu sugo qaranimadiisa, waxana uu dadkiisa ka hor istaagay in ay dhistaan nolol sharaf leh. Duulaan kale, ha ahaato ciidamada Maraykanka ama ciidamada nabad ilaalinta Qaramada Midoobay, waxa ay sii kordhinaysaa xiisadda.
Fadhigii Golaha loo dhan yahay ee Qaramada Midoobay oo dhacay Sebtembar 21, ayuu Madaxweynaha Maraykanka Joe Biden ayaa sheegay in in dowladiisu ay sii wado "inay garab istaagto jaarkayaga Haiti." Tan macnaheedu waxa weeye si fiican ayaa loo fahmay Amnesty International Warbixin taas oo diiwaangelinaysa tacaddiyada cunsuriyadda ah ee ay la kulmaan magangelyo-doonka Haiti ee gudaha Maraykanka. Maraykanka iyo kooxda Core waxa laga yaabaa inay garab istaagaan dadka sida Ariel Henry, laakiin uma muuqdaan inay garab taagan yihiin dadka Haitian, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa u qaxay Maraykanka.
Ikhtiyaarada dadka Haitian waxay ka iman doonaan gelitaanka ururada shaqaalaha ee mowjadda mudaaharaadka. Haddi ay noqoto ururada iyo ururada bulshada-ay ku jiraan kooxaha ardayda kuwaas oo dib ugu soo noqday jilayaasha muhiimka ah ee dalka-waxay awood u yeelan doonaan in ay isbedel firfircoon ka dhaliyaan cadhada lagu arkay wadooyinka oo la arki doono.
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