Ololaha argagixisada caalamiga ah ee Obama kuma xidhna oo kaliya barnaamijkiisa dila ee diyaaradaha aan duuliyaha lahayn, balse waxa isa soo taraya in uu ku tiirsanaado in la geeyo ciidamo hawlgalo gaar ah ka wada wadamada aduunka oo dhan, kuwaas oo la sheegay in ay u dhexeeyaan 70 ilaa 120 wadan hal mar. Sida Obama uu damcay in uu hoos u dhigo duullaanka ballaaran ee dalalka (sida Bush u daba-joogay Afgaanistaan โโiyo Ciraaq), waxa uu sare u qaaday 'dagaalka qarsoon' ee adduunka, oo inta badan ka baxsan kormeerka Congress-ka iyo dadweynaha. Mid ka mid ah hay'adaha ugu muhiimsan ee "dagaalka qarsoodiga ah" ee caalamiga ah waa Taliska Hawlgallada Gaarka ah ee Wadajirka ah, ama JSOC oo gaaban.
JSOC waxaa la aas aasay 1980-kii ka dib markii lagu guul-darreystay badbaadinta la haystayaashii Mareykanka ee ku sugnaa safaaradda Mareykanka ee Iran oo ahayd "gees qarsoon oo qarsoodi ah oo ka mid ah madaxda sare ee militariga," ayaa xusay Atlantic. Waxay la kulantay "balaadhin degdeg ah" intii uu maamulkii Bush, iyo tan iyo markii uu Obama xukunka qabtay, "wuxuu u muuqdaa inuu ka ciyaarayo door caan ah oo sii kordheysa ee amniga qaranka" iyo "la-dagaalanka argagixisada," meelaha "caado ahaan ay hoos yimaadaan CIA." 1] Mid ka mid ah farqiga ugu muhiimsan ee u dhexeeya hawlgalladan qarsoodiga ah ee ay fulinayso JSOC halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd CIA waa in CIA ay u soo warbixiso Congress-ka, halka JSOC ay kaliya u sheegto hawlaheeda ugu muhiimsan Golaha Amniga Qaranka ee Madaxweynaha.
Intii lagu jiray maamulkii Bush, JSOC waxay "si toos ah uga warbixisay" madaxweyne ku xigeenka Dick Cheney, sida uu sheegay weriyaha baadhista ku guulaystay ee Seymour Hersh New Yorker), kuwaas oo sharaxay in, "Waa giraanta fulinta dhab ahaantii, waana socday iyo sii socday." Waxa kale oo uu intaa ku daray oo uu yidhi: โXukumada Madaxweyne Bush waxay galayeen waddamo, lamana hadlin safiirka iyo madaxa CIA-da, oo dad liis ku jira oo la dilayo oo la baxayo, taasi way socotay, magacii dadka oo dhanna way ku socdeen. anaga."[3]
2005, Dick Cheney wuxuu u gudbiyay ciidamada gaarka ah ee Maraykanka sida "xirfalayaasha aamusan" oo matalaya "nooca xoogga aan rabno inaan u dhisno mustaqbalkaโฆ Cheney iyada oo aan si la yaab leh loo arkin, Cheney wuxuu yiri: "Mid naga mid ah ma doonayo in uu mustaqbalka bini'aadamka u wareejiyo kooxo yaryar oo xagjir ah oo geysta dil aan loo meel dayin oo ay maleegayaan argagixisanimo ballaaran." xidhashada dareeska millatariga Maraykanka, dabcan, taas oo ah "in la geysto dil aan loo meel dayin iyo in la maleegayo argagixisanimo ballaaran" maaha arrin.
Taliyihii JSOC ee xilligii maamulkii Bush โ markii ay u shaqaynaysay Cheney โgarabka dilka fulintaโ โ waxa uu ahaa General Stanley McChrystal, kaas oo Obama u magacaabay taliyaha ugu sarreeya ee ciidamada Afgaanistaan. La yaab ma leh, JSOC waxay bilowday inay door aad u weyn ka ciyaarto labada Afgaanistaan โโiyo Pakistan.[5] Horraantii 2009, madaxa cusub ee JSOC, Vice Admiral William H. McRaven ayaa amar ku bixiyay in la joojiyo "laba toddobaad" hawlgallada gaarka ah ee gudaha Afgaanistaan, ka dib markii dhowr weerar oo JSOC ah bilihii hore lagu dilay dhowr haween iyo carruur ah, taas oo sii kordhisay "cadhada sii kordhaysa". " gudaha Afgaanistaan โโku saabsan dhimashada rayidka ah ee ay sababeen weerarrada Mareykanka iyo duqeymaha cirka, taas oo gacan ka geysatay kor u kaca dhimashada rayidka ee 2008.[6]
JSOC waxa ay sidoo kale ku lug lahayd socodsiinta "dagaal qarsoodi ah" gudaha Pakistan, laga bilaabo 2006 laakiin si degdeg ah u dardargelinaya maamulka Obama. "Dagaalka qarsoodiga ah" waxaa lala kaashaday CIA-da iyo qandaraaslaha gaarka ah ee caanka ah ee Blackwater, oo caan ku ah xasuuqii uu u geystay dadka rayidka ah ee Ciraaq, ka dib waxaa laga mamnuucay inuu ka shaqeeyo waddanka.[7]
Aasaasihii Blackwater, Erik Prince, waxaa loo shaqaaleysiiyay hanti CIA ah 2004tii, sannadihii xigayna wuxuu qandaraasyo ka badan $1.5 bilyan ka helay Pentagon iyo CIA, waxaana ku jiray hoggaankeeda dhowr sarkaal oo hore oo CIA ah. Blackwater, oo inta badan shaqaaleysiisa askartii hore ee gaarka ah, ayaa inta badan u shaqeysay "ilaaliye dibadda ah ee CIA iyo saraakiisha Waaxda Gobolka," kuwaas oo sidoo kale "caawinayey farsamada, maalgelinta, iyo fulinta hawlgallada," oo ay ku jiraan "ururinta kooxaha la garaacay," dhammaan wixii ka baxsan kormeerka Congress-ka ama dadweynaha (maaddaama ay farsamo ahaan ahayd shirkad gaar ah).[8]
CIA waxay u kiraysay Blackwater si ay uga caawiso barnaamij dil ah oo qarsoodi ah kaas oo ka qarsoonaa Congress-ka muddo toddobo sano ah.[9] Hawlgalladan waxaa kormeeri doona CIA ama shaqaalaha gaarka ah.[10] Blackwater ayaa sidoo kale qandaraas lagu siiyay in ay ku hubeyso diyaaradaha aan duuliyaha lahayn ee aan duuliyaha lahayn ee saldhigyada qarsoodiga ah ee Afgaanistaan โโiyo Pakistan ee barnaamijka dilka Obama, oo ay kormeerto CIA.[11] Khadadka kala qaybiya ciidamada, CIA iyo Blackwater waxay noqdeen "qaran", sida mid ka mid ah saraakiishii hore ee CIA u faallooday, "Waxay noqotay xidhiidh walaaltinimoโฆ Waxaa jiray dareen ah in Blackwater aakhirkii ay noqotay kordhinta hay'adda."[12]
"Dagaalka qarsoodiga ah" ee Pakistan waxa laga yaabaa inuu ka bilaabmay Bush, laakiin si degdeg ah ayuu u balaadhay sanadaha soo socda ee maamulka Obama. Shabakadda Wikileaks ayaa xaqiijisay howlgallada ciidamada JSOC ay ka wadaan gudaha Pakistan, iyadoo Raโiisul wasaaraha Pakistan Yousaf Raza Gillani uu u sheegay safiirka Mareykanka ee Pakistan, Anne Patterson (oo mar dambe loo magacaabi doono safiirka Masar), โWaxba igama gelin haddii ay taasi dhici doonto. yeel ilaa inta ay helayaan dadka saxda ah, waanu ka mudaaharaadaynaa Golaha Shacbiga, ka dibna waynu iska indha tiraynaa.โ[13]
Shantii bilood ee ugu horreysay ee madaxweynenimada Obama ee 2009, wuxuu oggolaaday "ballaadhin ballaaran oo millatariga qarsoon iyo hawlgallada sirdoon ee adduunka oo dhan," isagoo siinaya taliyeyaasha gobolka ee Pentagon-ka "awood cusub oo muhiim ah" hawlgalladan qarsoon.[14] Dardaaranku wuxuu ka yimid General Petraeus, taliyaha CENTCOM, isagoo fasaxaya askarta gaarka ah in loo diro "labadaba dalalka saaxiibka ah iyo kuwa cadawga ah ee Bariga Dhexe, Bartamaha Aasiya iyo Geeska Afrika." Dirista dilaaga aadka u tababaran ee tobanaan wadan waxay ahayd in ay noqdaan "nidaam iyo mustaqbalka fog" oo loogu talagalay in lagu "soo galo, khalkhal geliyo, laga adkaado ama la burburiyo" cadawga Qaranka, si ka baxsan sharciga, oo aan maxkamadeyn ama is-yeelyeel la xisaabtan. Waxay sidoo kale "u diyaariyaan deegaanka" weerarro waaweyn oo laga yaabo in Maraykanka ama wadamada NATO ay qorsheeyeen. Si ka duwan CIA-da, hawlgalladani kama warramaan Congress-ka, ama xitaa waxay u baahan yihiin "ogolaansho Madaxweynaha." Laakiin hawlgallada waaweyn, waxay ogolaansho ka helaan Golaha Amniga Qaranka (NSC), oo uu ku jiro madaxweynaha, iyo sidoo kale inta badan madaxda kale ee golaha wasiirrada, Pentagon, CIA, Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda, iwm.[15]
Awaamiirta cusub ayaa siisay taliyeyaasha gobollada - sida Petraeus oo madax ka ahaa CENTCOM, ama General Ward oo ka tirsan Taliska cusub ee Afrika (AFRICOM) - awood u leh ciidamada howlgallada gaarka ah ee aagga ay taliyaan, taasoo ka dhigaysa awoodda inay u soo diraan gacan-ku-dhiiglayaal tababaran daraasiin. wadamada aduunka si ay u fuliyaan hawlgalo qarsoodi ah oo aan wax kormeer ah lahayn; iyo 'Maamulkan' cusub ayaa la siiyay saraakiil badan oo ka tirsan militariga, kuwaas oo ka soo baxay meel sare oo machad ah oo aan haba yaraatee lahayn wax 'dimuqraadi ah'. Iyadoo aan loo eegin cidda madaxweynaha ah, "maamulkan" wuxuu ku sii ahaanayaa hay'ad ahaan " amarrada dagaalka."[16]
Awaamiirta dagaalka waxaa ka mid ah: AFRICOM oo ka sarreysa Afrika (est. 2007), CENTCOM ee Bariga Dhexe iyo Bartamaha Aasiya (est. 1983), EUCOM ee Yurub (est. 1947), NORTHCOM oo ka sarreysa Waqooyiga Ameerika (est. 2002), PACOM Baasifiga iyo Aasiya (est. 1947), SOUTHCOM ee Bartamaha iyo Koonfurta Ameerika iyo Kariibiyaanka (est. 1963), SOCOM oo ah Taliska Hawlgallada Gaarka ah (est. 1987), STRATCOM oo ah Taliska Istaraatiijiga ah ee hawlgallada milatari ee lagu sameeyo bannaanka bannaanka, sirdoonka , iyo hubka (est. 1992), iyo TRANSCOM maaraynta dhammaan gaadiidka Wasaaradda Difaaca. Waaxda Arrimaha Dibadda waxaa la siiyay "kormeer" si ay u nadiifiso hawlaha safaarad kasta, [17] kaliya si loo hubiyo in qof kastaa 'loop' ku jiro,' si ka duwan sannadihii Bush markii uu ka dhammaaday xafiiska Cheney iyada oo aan cid kale u sheegin.
Sannadkii 2010, waxaa lagu soo warramey Washington Post in Maraykanku uu balaadhiyey hawlgalada ciidamadiisa gaarka ah ee aduunka, laga soo bilaabo ku dhawaad โโ60 wadan oo Bush hoostimaado ilaa 75 wadan 2010kii Obama, kuwaas oo ka hawlgala meelo caan ah sida Filibiin iyo Colombia, iyo sidoo kale Yemen, oo dhan. Bariga Dhexe, Afrika iyo Bartamaha Aasiya. Hawlgalka caalamiga ah ee ciidamada gaarka ah - oo ay weheliyaan barnaamijka dagaalka caalamiga ah ee CIA-da - waxay ahaayeen laba weji oo Obama's "caqiidada amniga qaranka ee ka-qaybgalka caalamiga ah iyo qiyamka gudaha," erayada Washington Post, in kasta oo maqaalku aanu caddayn dhinaca dagaalka "dagaallada qarsoodiga ah" ee 75 waddan ka kooban yahay "qiyamka" Obama. Taliyeyaasha ciidamada hawlgallada gaarka ah waxay noqdeen "joogitaanka joogtada ah ee Aqalka Cad" xilligii Obama, marka loo eego George Bush, iyadoo mid ka mid ah taliyeyaashaas uu yiri, "Waxaan haysanaa galaangal badanโฆ Waxay diyaar u yihiin inay si degdeg ah u dagaallamaan." Hawlgallada khaaska ah ee noocan oo kale ah ayaa la geynayaa "waxay dhaafsiisan yihiin weerarrada hal dhinac ah oo ay ku jiraan tababarka ciidamada maxalliga ah ee ka hortagga argagixisada iyo hawlgallada wadajirka ah ee iyaga lala yeesho."[18]
Markaa kaliya maaha ciidamada Maraykanku inay wadaan dagaallo qarsoodi ah oo ka dhex dhaca tobanaan waddan oo adduunka ah, laakiin waxay tababaraan ciidamada gudaha ee dalal badan oo ka mid ah si ay u fuliyaan dagaallo qarsoodi ah gudaha, iyo danaha Boqortooyada Maafiyada ee Maraykanka.
Mid ka mid ah saraakiisha militariga ayaa xitaa sameeyay "shabakad" shirkado militari oo gaar ah kuwaas oo shaqaaleysiiyay ciidamadii hore ee gaarka ah iyo hawlgallada CIA si ay u ururiyaan sirta iyo fulinta hawlgallada qarsoodiga ah ee dalalka shisheeye si ay u taageeraan "tallaabada dilaaga ah": si guud loo kabo, 'la xisaabtan' gaar loo leeyahay. Shabakaddan oo kale "guud ahaan waxaa loo arkaa sharci-darro" waxaana "si aan habboonayn loo maalgeliyay."[19] Markii warka shabakadahan soo baxeen, Pentagon-ka ayaa sheegay in ay xidheen oo ay fureen "baaritaan dembiyeed." Waxay soo baxday, ma aysan helin wax "dambiile ah," sababtoo ah laba bilood ka dib, hawlgalladu way sii socdeen waxayna noqdeen "il muhiim ah oo sirdoon." Shabakadaha shirkadaha qarsoodiga ah waxaa "maareeyey" Lockheed Martin, oo ka mid ah qandaraaslayaasha militariga ugu weyn adduunka, iyadoo ay "ilaalinayaan" Taliska Hawlgallada Gaarka ah ee Pentagon.[20]
Admiral Eric T. Olson waxa uu ahaa madaxa Taliska Hawlgalka Gaarka ah ee 2007 ilaa 2011, sanadkaas, Olson wuxuu hoggaamiyay hindise guul leh - oo ay ayideen Guddoomiyaha Taliyeyaasha Wadajirka ah Mike Mullen iyo Xoghayaha Difaaca Robert Gates - si loo dhiirigeliyo horumarinta Saraakiisha ugu sareysa howlgallada gaarka ah ilaa jagooyinka sare ee dhammaan qaab dhismeedka taliska ciidamada. "Isbeddelka" wuxuu ahaa inuu ku sii socdo Xoghayaha Difaaca ee soo socda Leon Panetta, oo hore u ahaa CIA 2009 ilaa 2011.[21] Markii Olson uu ka tagay booskiisii โโโโmadaxa Howlgallada Gaarka ah, waxaa lagu bedelay Admiral William McRaven, oo madax ka ahaa JSOC 2008 ilaa 2011, isagoo raacay Stanley McChrystal.
Bishii Janaayo ee 2012, Obama wuxuu sii waday raadinta inuu ka sii fogaado dagaalladii waaweynaa ee dhulka sida Ciraaq iyo Afgaanistaan, oo uu dib u eego "xoog yar, xoog badan oo ku baahsan Aasiya, Pacific iyo Bariga Dhexe." Madaxweyne Obama oo ay ku hareeraysan yihiin Taliyeyaasha Ciidamada isku dhafka ah oo ku labisan dirays buuxa oo bilado lagu sharraxay, ayaa Madaxweyne Obama waxa uu shir jaraaโid oo naadir ah ka jeediyay xarunta Pentagon-ka, isagoo yiri, โCiidamadeennu waxay noqon doonaan kuwa caato ah, laakiin dunidu waa inay ogaataa United. Dawlad-goboleedyadu waxay ilaalinayaan sarrayntayada ciidankeena." Mudnaanta istiraatiijiyadani waxay noqon doontaa "maalgelinta difaaca iyo dembiga internetka, ciidamada hawlgallada gaarka ah iyo aagga ballaaran ee sirdoonka, ilaalinta iyo sahanka."[22]
Bishii Febraayo 2012, Admiral William H. McRaven, oo ah madaxa Taliska Hawlgallada Gaarka ah, ayaa "ku riixayay kaalin weyn oo loogu talagalay cutubyadiisa caanka ah kuwaas oo dhaqan ahaan ka shaqeynayay geesaha mugdiga ah ee siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Maraykanka," isaga oo u doodaya qorshe" in la siiyo madax-bannaani dheeraad ah si uu u meeleeyo ciidamadiisa iyo qalabkooda dagaalka halka sirta iyo dhacdooyinka adduunku ay tilmaamayaan in loogu baahan yahay aadka loogu baahan yahay,โ gaar ahaan iyadoo maskaxda lagu hayo ballaarinta Aasiya, Afrika iyo Laatiin Ameerika. McRaven wuxuu sheegay in, "Runtii maahan Socom [Taliska Hawlgallada Gaarka ah] oo socodsiinaya dagaalka caalamiga ah ee argagixisadaโฆ Uma maleynayo inaan diyaar u nahay inaan taas sameyno. Waxa ay ku saabsan tahay waa sida ugu wanaagsan ee aan u taageeri karo" taliska ugu weyn ee militariga gobolka. qaababka.[23]
Tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, qiyaastii 80% ciidamada Hawlgallada Gaarka ah ee Mareykanka ayaa la geeyay Bariga Dhexe, laakiin McRaven wuxuu rabay inay ku faafto gobollada kale, iyo sidoo kale inay awood u yeeshaan inay "si dhaqso leh ugu dhaqaajiyaan cutubyadiisa meelaha kulul ee suurtagalka ah iyada oo aan la marin habka caadiga ah ee Pentagon-ka ee maamulaya dirista dibadda." Taliska Hawlgallada Gaarka ah ayaa tiradoodu ahayd 66,000 oo qof, taas oo laba jibaartay tiradii tan iyo 2001-dii, waxayna miisaaniyaddiisu gaartay $10.5 bilyan, halka ay ahayd $4.2 bilyan sannadkii 2001.[24]
Bishii Maarso 2012, taliyaha ciidamada gaarka ah, Admiral William H. McRaven, ayaa sameeyay qorshayaal lagu balaadhinayo cutubyada hawlgallada gaarka ah, isaga oo ka dhigaya "xoogga doorashada" ee ka dhanka ah "halisyada soo baxaya" tobanka sano ee soo socda. Taliska Hawlgallada Gaarka ah ee McRaven ayaa kormeeraya in ka badan 60,000 oo ciidan iyo rayid ah, isagoo ku sheegay warqad qabyo ah oo lagu faafiyay Pentagon-ka in: "Waxaan ku jirnaa halgan jiilโฆ Xag-jirnimada, si loo sameeyo hawlgal joogto ah oo adduunka oo dhan ah, hawlgalladayada gaarka ah waa in ay la qabsadaan." McRaven wuxuu sheegay in ciidamada gaarka ah ay ka howlgalayeen in ka badan 71 wadan oo aduunka ah.[25]
Balaadhinta hawlgallada ciidamada gaarka ah ee caalamiga ah waxa ay si weyn uga fal-celisay caqabada sii kordhaysa ee ah in la meel dhigo ciidamo badan oo milatari ah oo adduunka ah, laguna qaado dagaalo iyo shaqooyin baaxad leh, kuwaas oo ay aad u yar tahay taageerada shacabka gudaha iyo dibaddaba. 2013, Taliska Hawlgallada Gaarka ah wuxuu lahaa ciidamo ka hawlgala 92 waddan oo kala duwan oo adduunka ah, iyadoo mid ka mid ah dhaleeceynta Congress-ka uu ku eedeeyay McRaven inuu ku hawlan yahay "dhismaha boqortooyada." adduunka oo dhan, gaar ahaan aagagga dagaalka ee waaweyn sida Pakistan.[26]
Sannadkii 2013, Taliska Hawlgallada Gaarka ah ee McRaven wuxuu helay maamul cusub iyo miisaaniyad la ballaariyay, iyadoo McRaven uu ka hor caddeeyay Guddiga Adeegyada Qalabka ee Senate-ka in, "Maalin kasta oo sanadka ah waxaad ka heli doontaa ciidamo hawlgal gaar ah [ee] meel u dhaxaysa 70 iyo 90 waddan oo ku wareegsan. adduunka."[28] Sannadkii 2012, waxaa la sheegay in ciidamadan oo kale ay ka howlgali doonaan 120 waddan oo kala duwan dhammaadka sanadka.[29]
Bishii Disembar 2012, waxaa lagu dhawaaqay in Maraykanku u dirayo 4,000 oo askari 35 waddan oo Afrikaan ah oo kala duwan "qayb ka mid ah dadaalka Pentagon-ka ee lagu xoojinayo si loogu tababaro waddammada si loola dagaallamo xagjiriinta iyo in la siiyo Maraykanka ciidan diyaarsan oo tababaran si uu u diro Afrika haddii qalalaase u baahan yahay Milateriga Mareykanka ayaa soo baxaya,โ oo hoos imaanaya taliska gobolka cusub ee Pentagon-ka, AFRICOM, oo la aasaasay 2007.[30]
Ilaa Sebtembar 2013, millatariga Maraykanku wuxuu ku lug lahaa hawlo kala duwan Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde Islands, Senegal, Seychelles, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda iyo Zambia, iyo kuwo kale, oo dhismo ah. saldhigyada, qabashada "ka-qaybgalka iskaashiga amniga, laylisyada tababarka, diritaanka la-talinta, hawlgallada gaarka ah, iyo shabakad saadka oo sii kordheysa."[31]
Marka la soo koobo, Obama ee dagaalka caalamiga ah of Argagixisadu waxay ku fiday ilaa 100 waddan oo adduunka ah, iyadoo hoos u dhigtay duullaankii ballaadhnaa ee militariga iyo shaqooyinka sida kuwa Afgaanistaan โโiyo Ciraaq, iyo kordhinta hawlgallada dagaalka "yar-yar" ee Ciidamada Gaarka ah, oo ka baxsan sharciga. oo ka baxsan kormeerka Kongareeska iyo dadweynaha, fulinta hawlgallada "afduub iyo qabsasho", tababarida ciidamada milateriga ee cabudhinta gudaha ee quruumaha ay inta badan maamulaan kalitalisyadu si ay u fuliyaan hawlgaladooda iyaga oo ka wakiil ah 'Global Godfather'.
Qalad ha samayn: kani waa dagaal caalami ah. Bal qiyaas cabashada caalamiga ah ee ka dhalan doonta wararka Shiinaha ama Ruushka oo hawlgalo dagaal oo qarsoodi ah ka fulinaya ku dhawaad โโ100 waddan oo adduunka ah. Laakiin marka Maraykanku sameeyo, waxaa jira in la xuso, marka laga reebo faallooyinka gudbinta ee bogga New York Times ama Washington Post isagoo muujinaya olole argagaxiso oo caalami ah oo aan horay loo arag oo mataleya "qiyamka" Obama. Hagaag, runtii waa wakiil qiyamka Obama, iyadoo loo eegayo xaqiiqda ah inuusan midna haysan.
Runtii, Ameerika waxay muddo dheer ahayd Godfather-ka Caalamiga ah ee codsanaya 'Mabaadi'da Mafia' ee xiriirka caalamiga ah, oo ku xiran tallaabo ay la socoto dambiyada abaabulan ee 'Capo' ee Galbeedka sida Great Britain iyo France. Hase yeeshee, xilligii Obama, madaxweynihii ku guuleystay abaal-marinnada warshadaha xiriirka dadweynaha ee ololihiisii โโxayeysiiska ee sida wanaagsan loo maamulay ee ballanqaadka "rajo" iyo "isbeddel," boqortooyadu waxay isku aragtay inay dagaal ku qaadayso boqol waddan, iyada oo fulinaysa olole argagixiso caalami ah oo aan horay loo arag. , kordhinta xadgudubyada ka dhanka ah xuquuqul insaanka, dembiyada dagaalka iyo dambiyada ka dhanka ah aadanaha, oo dhammaan hoos yimaada hay'adda Nobel Peace Prize ee Barack Obama.
Haddii madaxwaynuhu yahay Clinton, Bush, ama Obama, Boqortooyada Argagixisadu waxay ku mushahaartay ololaheeda caalamiga ah ee xukunka iyo hoos-u-dhigga, si ay u waxyeelayso dhammaan bini'aadamka, badbaadiyaan danaha kuwa fadhiya heerarka sare ee caalamiga ah. Waxay ku jirtaa danta madaxda talada haysa in Maraykanku uu ilaaliyo oo uu mashruuco naqshadeeda boqortooyo caalami ah. Waa danta aadanaha oo dhan, markaas, in Boqortooyada laga soo horjeesto - oo ugu dambeyntii, la dhiso - iyada oo aan loo eegin cidda ku fadhiisata xafiiska, iyada oo aan loo eegin cidda haysa magaca 'wadaadka sare ee munaafiqiinta' (aka: Madaxweynaha Midowga Gobolada). Waa Boqortooyada ka talisa, iyo Imbaraadooriyadda wax dumisa, Boqortooyadana waa in iyana, la dumiyo.
Adduunka guud ahaan โ Bariga Dhexe, Afrika, Aasiya, Laatiin Ameerika โ waxa soo food saartay dhibka ugu weyn ee nidaamka Imperial ee Maafiyada Galbeedka: faqriga xididaysan, dhiig-miirashada, xaalufka deegaanka, dagaal iyo burbur. Halgankii Imbaraadooriyadda lala galay ma awoodno inaan dibadda oo keliya ka guulaysanno. Dunida inteeda kale waxay la halgamaysay inay ka badbaado Boqortooyada Galbeedka muddo tobanaan sano ah, iyo, run ahaantii, boqolaal sano. Si halganku u guulaysto (iyo awooddo ku guulaysta), dhaqdhaqaaq xoog leh oo ka soo horjeeda Boqortooyada waa in uu ka dhex abuurmaa awoodaha Imbaraadooriyadda laftooda, iyo gaar ahaan gudaha Maraykanka. Mustaqbalka bini'aadmigu isagay ku xidhan tahay.
Amaโฆ dhamaanteen waan sii wadan karnaa dukaamaysiga iyo daawashada TV-ga, annagoo si farxadi ku dheehan tahay inooga indho la'aan ololaha caalamiga ah ee argagixisada iyo dagaalka lagu wado magacyadeena aduunka oo dhan. Hubaal, doorashadan oo kale ayaa laga yaabaa inay soo jiidato, laakiin ugu dambeyntii, dagaalladii dibeddu waxay u yimaadaan guriga si ay u abuurmaan. Sida George Orwell mar qoray: "Dagaalku maaha in lagu guuleysto, waxaa loola jeedaa in la sii wado. Bulshada kala sareynta waxay suurtogal u tahay oo kaliya ku saleysan saboolnimada iyo jahliga. Nuqulkan cusub waa hore, mana jirto taariikh ka duwan oo weligeed jiri karta. Mabda 'ahaan dadaalka dagaal ayaa had iyo jeer la qorsheeyaa in bulshada lagu sii hayo qarka u saaran macaluul, dagaalka waxaa qaaday kooxda talada haysa oo ka dhan ah dadkeeda, ujeedkiisuna maaha guusha Eurasia ama Bariga Aasiya, laakiin waa in la ilaaliyo qaab-dhismeedka. bulshada dhexdeeda.
Andrew Gavin Marshall waa cilmi-baare iyo qoraa 26 jir ah oo deggan Montreal, Canada. Isagu waa Maareeyaha Mashruuca Mashruuca Buugga Dadka, guddoomiyaha Qaybta Juquraafiga ee Machadka Hampton, agaasimaha cilmi-baarista ee Mashruuca Awoodda Caalamiga ah ee Occupy.com, wuxuuna martigeliyaa bandhig muuqaal ah oo toddobaadle ah BoilingFrogsPost.
tixraacyada
[1] Max Fisher, "Taliska khaaska ah ee Ops-ka ee barakiciya CIA," Atlantic, 1 Disembar 2009:
[2] Mark Mazzetti, "Mareykanka ayaa la sheegay inuu ku fidinaayo falalka sirta ah ee Bariga Dhexe," The New York Times, 24 May 2010:
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/25/world/25military.html?hp
[3] Eric Black, "Wariye wax baadha Seymour Hersh wuxuu qeexayaa 'garaanta dilka fulinta'," Minnesota Post, 11 March 2009:
[4] John D. Danusiewicz, "Cheney wuxuu ammaanay 'xirfadleyaasha aamusan' ee hawlgallada gaarka ah," Adeegga Saxafada Ciidamada Mareykanka, 11 Juun 2005:
http://www.defense.gov/News/NewsArticle.aspx?ID=16430
[5] Max Fisher, "Taliska Ops-ka Gaarka ah ee barakicinaya CIA," Atlantic, 1 Disembar 2009:
[6] Mark Mazzetti iyo Eric Schmitt, "Mareykanku wuxuu joojiyay qaar ka mid ah weerarrada Afgaanistaan," New York Times, 9 Maarso 2009:
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/10/world/asia/10terror.html?hp
[7] Jeremy Scahill, Dagaalkii Maraykanka ee sirta ahaa Pakistan. Qaranka: Noofambar 23, 2009: http://www.thenation.com/doc/20091207/scahill
[8] Adam Ciralsky, "Tycoon, Qandaraasle, Askari, Basaas," Vanity Fair, Janaayo 2010:
http://www.vanityfair.com/politics/features/2010/01/blackwater-201001
[9] Mark Mazzetti, "C.I.A. Waxay Raadisay Caawinta Blackwater si ay u disho Jihaadiyiinta," The New York Times, 19 Agoosto 2009:
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/20/us/20intel.html?_r=0
[10] R. Jeffrey Smith iyo Joby Warrick, "Blackwater waxay ku xidhan tahay weerarrada qarsoon ee CIA," Washington Post, 11 Diseembar 2009:
[11] James Risen iyo Mark Mazzetti, "CIA ayaa sheegtay inay u adeegsato dibadda si ay bambaanooyinka ugu dhigaan Drones," The New York Times, 20 Agoosto 2009:
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/21/us/21intel.html
[12] James Risen iyo Mark Mazzetti, "Ilaaliyeyaasha Blackwater waxay ku xidhan yihiin Sirta CIA Raids," The New York Times, 10 Diseembar 2009:
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/11/us/politics/11blackwater.html
[13] Jeremy Scahill, "Sirta ah (Ma aha sidaas) Dagaalkii Maraykanka ee Pakistan," Qaranka, 1 Disembar 2010:
http://www.thenation.com/blog/156765/not-so-secret-anymore-us-war-pakistan#
[14] March Ambinder, "Obama wuxuu siinayaa Taliyeyaasha Ballaaran ee Dagaalka Qarsoon," Atlantic, 25 Meey 2010:
[15] Mark Mazzetti, "Mareykanka ayaa la sheegay inuu ku fidinaayo falalka sirta ah ee Bariga Dhexe," The New York Times, 24 May 2010:
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/25/world/25military.html?hp
[16] Marc Ambinder, "Obama Waxa uu Siyaa Taliyayaashii Si Balaadhan Dagaalka Qarsoon," 25 Meey 2010:
[17] Max Fisher, "Dhammaadka Dick Cheney's Kill Squads," Atlantic, 4 Juun 2010:
http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2010/06/the-end-of-dick-cheneys-kill-squads/57707/
[18] Karen DeYoung iyo Greg Jaffe, "Dagaalka qarsoodiga ah ee Maraykanku" wuxuu ku fidaa caalamka iyadoo ciidamada hawlgallada gaarka ahi ay door weyn ka qaataan," Washington Post, 4 June 2010:
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/06/03/AR2010060304965.html
[19] Dexter Filkins iyo Mark Mazzetti, "Qandaraaslayaal ku xidhan Dedaalka Dabagalka iyo Dila Maleeshiyada," The New York Times, 14 March 2010:
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/15/world/asia/15contractors.html?pagewanted=1
[20] Mark Mazzetti, "Mareykanku weli wuu isticmaalayaa giraanta basaaska gaarka ah, in kasta oo ay jiraan shaki," The New York Times, 15 May 2010:
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/16/world/16contractors.html?pagewanted=all
[21] Thom Shanker iyo Eric Schmitt, "Hawlgallada Gaarka ah ee Ruug-caddaaga waxay u kaceen Heerarchy," The New York Times, 8 Agoosto 2011:
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/09/us/09commanders.html?pagewanted=all
[22] Elisabeth Bumiller iyo Thom Shanker, "Obama waxa uu ku dhejiyay Istaraatiijiyada Milatari Leaner," The New York Times, 5 Janaayo 2012:
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/06/us/obama-at-pentagon-to-outline-cuts-and-strategic-shifts.html
[23] Eric Schmitt, Mark Mazzetti iyo Thom Shanker, "Admiral wuxuu raadinayaa gacan xor ah oo la geeyo ciidamada Elite," The New York Times, 12 Febraayo 2012:
[24] Ibid.
[25] David S. Cloud, "Taliyaha ciidamada gaarka ah ee Mareykanka wuxuu doonayaa inuu ballaariyo hawlgallada," Los Angeles Times, 4 May 2012:
http://articles.latimes.com/2012/may/04/world/la-fg-special-forces-20120505
[26] Eric Schmitt iyo Thom Shanker, "Taliye wuxuu doonayaa inuu jaangooyo waddo cusub oo loogu talagalay hawlgallada gaarka ah," The New York Times, 1 Meey 2013:
[27] Nick Turse, "Sidee Obama u xasilinaysaa aduunka," Salon, 19 Sebtembar 2011:
http://www.salon.com/2011/09/19/obama_global_destablization/
[28] Walter Pincus, "Hawlgallada gaarka ah waxay ku guuleysteen miisaaniyadda 2014," Washington Post, 11 Abriil 2013:
http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-04-11/world/38448541_1_mcraven-socom-special-forces
[29] David Isenberg, "Calaamaynta Ciidamada Hawlgallada Gaarka ah ee Maraykanka," IPS News, 24 Maajo 2012:
http://www.ipsnews.net/2012/05/the-globalisation-of-u-s-special-operations-forces/
[30] Tom Bowman, "Militeriga Maraykanku Waxay Ku Dhisayaan Joogitaankooda Afrika," NPR, 25 Diseembar 2012:
http://www.npr.org/2012/12/25/168008525/u-s-military-builds-up-its-presence-in-africa ;
Lolita C. Baldor, "Kooxaha ciidamada ee Afrika u socda sida khatarta argagixisa ay sii kordheyso," Yahoo! Wararka, 24 December 2012:
http://news.yahoo.com/army-teams-going-africa-terror-threat-grows-082214765.html
[31] Nick Turse, "Xadiga Bilowga ah ee Hawlgallada Milatari ee Maraykanka ee Afrika," Mother Jones, 6 Sebtembar 2013:
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