Anthony Arnove
Gacanka Faaris
Dagaalka, dagaalka Balkans-ka, iyo hadda Afgaanistaan, ayay yiraahdeen qorshayaasha ciidamada Mareykanka
waxay soo saareen habab cusub oo dagaal kuwaas oo ku dhufan lahaa bartilmaameedyada militariga iyo
nolol rayid ah oo badbaado ah ama, ereybixinta la door bidayo, "waxyeello dammaanad ah."
"Kani waa dagaal iyo
dagaalku waa cadaab,” Senatar Joseph Lieberman (D-CT) ayaa yiri Sebtembar 16. "Laakiin waan haysanaa
Awoodda lagu beegsanayo si ka wanaagsan sidii aan weligay u yeelan jirnay. I
Waxaan kuu sheegi karnaa inaan ku dadaaleyno inaan xaddidno dhaawaca dammaanadda ah." The
millatariga ayaa sameeyay "dadaal aan caadi ahayn" si loo xaddido dhaawaca dammaanadda,
Admiral ee USS Enterprise Kooxda dagaalka ayaa u sheegay wariyeyaasha 8-dii Oktoobar.
"Ujeedadayadu waa inaan argagaxisada argagaxisada." Maraykanku wuxuu sameeyay "cusub
qaabka dagaalka” ee Afgaanistaan, the New York Times ayaa sheegay in December 18.
In dhow oo dhan
Dagaalada, mas’uuliyiin ka tirsan dowladda ayaa ka gadoodsan in ciidamadu ay bartilmaameedsanayaan
hogaanka siyaasadda, ma rayidka. "[W] gabi ahaanba wax khilaaf ah kama lihi
Dadka Ciraaq,” ayuu yiri Ra’iisul Wasaare Tony Blair. “Runta ayaa ah in United
Dawladaha Maraykanku wax khilaaf ah kalama laha Afgaanistaan iyo dadka Afgaanistaan,” ayaa lagu dooday
Xoghayaha Difaaca Donald Rumsfeld.
Laakiin xaqiiqda
Saameynta duqeymaha Mareykanka ayaa muujineysa sida ay sheegashadan u marin habaabiyeen. Ma aha oo kaliya
"Bambooyinka casriga ah" ayaa si joogto ah u seegay bartilmaameedyadoodii waxayna sababeen dad rayid ah oo aad u badan
silica, laakiin dagaaladu waxay si aad ah u adeegsadeen hub ay ku jiraan dad rayid ah oo aad u badan
saamaynta, oo ay ku jiraan hubka uranium-ka ee Ciraaq iyo Kosovo oo dhammaaday iyo koox
bambooyinka saddexda weerar.
Sida Seamus Milne
ayaa laga soo sheegay Guardian (London) Diseembar 20, "Qiimaha ku jira dhiigga
taas oo horay loogu bixiyay dagaalka Mareykanka ee ka dhanka ah argagixisada ayaa hadda bilowday
si loo caddeeyo. Ma ahan Ingiriiska ama Mareykanka, xitaa ilaa hadda al-Qaacida iyo
Hogaamiyeyaasha Taliban ayaa mas'uul ka ahaa weeraradii 11-kii Sebtembar ee New York iyo
Washington. Taas beddelkeeda waxaa bixiyay dadka reer Afgaanistaan caadiga ah, oo aan waxba haysan
wax kasta oo la sameeyo xadgudubyada, ma dooran teocrats Taalibaan oo xukumay
iyaga, oo aan wax talo ah ku lahayn go'aanka ah in guri la siiyo Bin Ladin iyo
saaxiibbadiis.” Milne waxay soo xigatay Marc Herold, oo ah borofisar dhaqaalaha ka dhiga Jaamacadda
ee New Hampshire. kuwaas oo si taxadar leh u falanqeeyay warbixinada saxafada in “at
Ugu yaraan 3,767 qof oo rayid ah ayaa lagu dilay duqaymaha Maraykanku intii u dhaxaysay Oktoobar 7 iyo Disembar
10… celcelis ahaan 62 dhimasho oo aan waxba galabsan maalintii.
Dagaalkii Khaliijka,
inkastoo sheegashooyinka ku saabsan gantaalada saxda ah, 70 boqolkiiba bambooyinka Maraykanka ayaa la waayay
bartilmaameedkooda iyo kaliya 7 boqolkiiba hubka la isticmaalay waxa loogu yeero smart
bambooyinka, inta lagu guda jiro "duqeymihii hawada ee ugu xoogganaa taariikhda,"
Washington Post ayaa la sheegay March 16, 1991. Bambooyinkaas ku dhacay koodii
Bartilmaameedka loogu talagalay wuxuu inta badan ku dhacaa kaabayaasha rayidka, oo ay ku jiraan buundooyinka, biyaha
xarumaha sahayda, iyo xarumaha korontada.
Laakiin taariikhda
Hubka argagaxa leh, bambaanooyinka kooxuhu waxay mudan yihiin meel gaar ah. Bambaanooyinka kooxda
weelkooda ku kala firdhiyaan dhul ballaadhan; waxaa ku jira ilaa 200 oo yaryar
"Bambooyin" oo aan si joogta ah u qarxin saamaynta; oo weli si dhab ah loo dilay
lacag sanado ah. Qaar ka mid ah bambooyin kooxeed ayaa lagu dhisay "rusheeyaha" kuwaas oo loo qaabeeyey
in lagu kala firdhiyo bambooyinka meel ka sii ballaadhan marka loo eego moodooyinka dhaqanka.
Carruurta badanaa
la kulan bambaanooyinka aan qarxin oo soo qaada iyaga oo u malaynaya inay yihiin alaabta lagu ciyaaro. Gudaha
Xaaladda Afgaanistaan, bambooyinka jaalaha ah ee dhalaalaya waxay aad ugu eg yihiin cuntada
baakadaha uu Maraykanku ku tuuray xidhiidhka dadwaynaha ee xishoodka leh ayaa si ballaaran u dhaqaaqay
oo ay cambaareeyeen kooxaha gargaarka bini'aadantinimo ee hore uga shaqayn jiray Afgaanistaan
dagaalka.
Ciraaq, ka socota
weerarrada hawada ee dalka “ka tag qashin halis ah oo sheegan kara
dhaawaca dad rayid ah muddo sanado ah,” the Washington Post qiray in a
warbixin naadir ah oo ku saabsan weerarrada. "Dhibaatooyinka [C] waxay noqdeen kuwo joogto ah" sida a
natiijada, Post xusay.
Maqaal loogu talagalay
Mareegta Washington Post.com, oo aan lagu faafin wargeyska, William M. Arkin
wuxuu xusay in Maraykanku uu si isa soo taraysa u isticmaalay bambaanooyinka "cluster bombs" oo aan run ahayn
hadafka iyo dilka iyo dhaawaca dadka rayidka ah ee aan waxba galabsan sanadaha soo socda."
ee 28 JSOW
Bambaanooyin kooxeed ayaa Ciraaq ku soo riday diyaarado ciidan 16-kii February, 2001, “Pentagon
Ilaha ayaa sheegaya in 26… ay seegeen ujeeddooyinkoodii,” sida uu sheegay Arkin, boqolkiiba 93
heerka guuldarada. 1,000 rodol, 14 cagood oo hub ah waxa uu sido 145 ka hortagga hubka iyo
Bambaanooyinka dab-damiska ee ka hortaga ee ku firirsan aagga
ku dhawaad 100 cagood oo dherer ah iyo 200 fiit oo balac ah. Marka la soo koobo,” ayuu Arkin qoray, JSOW
“Roob bambaanooyin lagu hoobtay ayaa ka da’ay dhul le’eg oo garoon kubbadda cagta lagu ciyaaro oo lix ah
bambooyinka ku dhacaya 1,000 cagood oo laba jibbaaran. Wax badan oo sax ah."
Khubarada miino saarista
qiyaas in 35,000 oo bambaanooyin aan qarxin ayaa looga tagay Kosovo, taasoo keentay "an
celcelis ahaan hal qof oo rayid ah ayaa todobaadkii ku dhintaa aagga,” sida uu sheegay Guardian
(London).
Afgaanistaan waa
hadda waxaa buux dhaafiyay bambaanooyin aan wali qarxin, taasoo khatar ku ah dadka rayidka ah
sidoo kale waxay si joogta ah ugu dhintaan qiyaastii 10 milyan oo miinooyin ah oo ka soo haray
dagaaladii hore. Sida laga soo xigtay Guddiga Caalamiga ah ee Laanqeyrta Cas, an
celcelis ahaan 88 Afgaanistaan ah ayaa u dhinta bishiiba dhaawacyada miinada dhulka. Mid ka mid ah
Khasaaraha ugu horreeya ee dagaalka ka dhanka ah argagixisada wuxuu ahaa dilka afar ka mid ah Qaramada Midoobay
shaqaalaha miino saarista horraantii Oktoobar iyo guud ahaan hakad ku yimid shaqada miino-saarka. "Anaga
waxaa tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay ku waayay 30 shaqaale ah meelaha miinada, laakiin tani waa tii ugu horeysay
Waqti aan dad ku waynay xafiiska,” ayuu yiri Syed Ahmad Farid Elmi, ku simaha
agaasimaha kooxda miino baarista. In ka badan 1,000 shaqaale miino baaris ah ayaa la saaray
"Fasaxa mushahar la'aanta ah ee qasabka ah mar ay u muuqatay in Maraykanku uu ka aargoosan karo
Afgaanistaan,” Boston Globe la sheegay.
Qaxootiga Afghanistan
dib ugu soo laabashada tuulooyinkoodii hore ayaa loo dilay oo naafo u soo galay
bambooyin kooxeedyo aan qarxin. "Iyadoo dad badan ay yimaadaan aagagga mar laga tagay,
isbitaallada ayaa laga soo sheegayay dhaawacyo soo qulqulaya,” sida ay sheegeen New
York Times.
“Kii aan qarxin
Bambaanooyinka kooxda jaalaha ah, mid kastaaba wuxuu le'eg yahay cabbirka hawada hawada, walina waa isku dhex yaacsan yihiin a
beerta bariiska, luuq iyo laba barxadood" ee Charykari, sida uu sheegay Times.
“Dadka deegaanka ayaa ku daboolay qaar ka mid ah weelasha lagu dhaqo rogrogmaday si ay u xafidaan
digaagga iska fogee.”
Inkastoo "qofna
wuu garanayaa inta tan ee rasaasta Mareykanka ee jiifa oo aan qarxin dusheeda ama hoosteeda
dhulka,” the Times waxa uu intaa ku daray, “Waxa muuqata in jiidaha hore ee dagaalka iyo
Wadooyin badan oo istaraatiiji ah, miinooyin iyo rasaas aan xasiloonayn ayaa hareeraha ka taagan.”
Laakiin United
Dawladdu waxay ku tabarucaysaa $7 milyan oo keliya dadaallada miino-saarka ee hadda jira. Wax badan
Muhiimad ahaan, "Maraykanku ma uusan bixin liiska meelaha uu ku yaal
tuuray bambooyin kooxeed,” the Times la sheegay. Markaa, Halo Trust miino saarista
Shaqaaluhu hadda waxa ay dhex marayaan aagagga dagaalka ee Land Rover, iyaga oo raadinaya
bambooyinka jaalaha yar laftooda.” Z
Anthony
Arnove waa tafatiraha Ciraaq ee go'doominta: Saamaynta dilaaga ah ee cunaqabataynta iyo dagaalka
(South End Press, 200)