Maguta eIndia haambonyarara. Ruzha chinhu chinogara chiripo—nyanga dzemotokari, kurira kweshiri, kuchema kwevatengesi, ruzha rwakadzikama rweinjini yemudhudhudhu. NeChipiri, India iri kuramwa mabasa. Zvingangoita kuti vashandi vangangosvika miriyoni zana nemakumi mashanu vagare kure nekwavanoshanda. Masangano evashandi ari Kuruboshwe okurudzira kuramwa mabasa, kuramwa mabasa munyika yaneta nekukwira kwekusaenzana pamwe nekusagutsikana.
Migwagwa yeKerala - nyika inotongwa neLeft Democratic Front - haina kunyarara. Motokari nemidhudhudhu zvinoenda zvavo. Asi migwagwa yati zii. Zvifambiso zveveruzhinji hazvisi mumigwagwa, nekuti masangano ezvekutakurwa kwezvinhu ndiwo ari kukonzera kuramwa mabasa. Thiruvananthapuram inonzwika sezvayakaita makore makumi maviri apfuura, apo traffic yaive yakareruka uye kana guta rakadzikama. Asi mumhepo hamuna chinhu chakadzikama. Vashandi vakatsamwa. Hurumende muDelhi inoramba ichivatengesa.
Kuramwa kukuru muNhoroondo yeNyika
Kurohwa kwechiyero ichi hakuna kujairika muIndia. Kuramwa kukuru kwakanyorwa munhoroondo yepasirese kwakaitika muIndia muna 2016, apo vashandi vanosvika miriyoni zana nemakumi masere vakaratidzira hurumende yeMutungamiriri weNarendra Modi. Zvinodiwa nekuramwa mabasa uku—semazuva ose—zvizhinji, asi zviri maererano nekuparara kwemararamiro evashandi, pakuparara kwemabasa pachako kwevanhu vakawanda uye nekurwiswa kwemasangano ezvematongerwo enyika.
Hurumende yaModi inoda kugadzirisa mitemo yemasangano evashandi. Tapan Sen, mutungamiri weCentre of Indian Trade Unions (CITU), akataura kuti mitemo mitsva yemubatanidzwa ichatungamira muuranda hwevashandi veIndia. Aya mazwi ane simba. Asi havadaviriki.
Liberalization
Kubva India yakawana kuzvitonga muna 1947, yakatevera nzira “yakasanganiswa” yebudiriro yenyika. Zvikamu zvakakosha zvehupfumi zvakaramba zviri mumaoko ehurumende, nemafemu ehurumende akaumbwa kuti aendese zvinhu zvakakosha mumaindasitiri kusimudzira zvinangwa zvebudiriro yenyika. Bazi rezvekurima rakarongwawo kuitira kuti hurumende ikwanise kupa varimi zvikwereti nemitero yerubatsiro uye hurumende yakatara mitengo yekutenga kuitira kuti varimi varambe vachirima zvirimwa zvekudya zvakakosha.
Zvose izvi zvakashanduka muna 1991, apo hurumende yakatanga "kusunungura" hupfumi, kushandura hurumende, kuderedza basa rayo mumusika wekurima uye kugamuchira mari yekunze. Kukura kwaive kwakavakirwa pachiyero chekudzoka pakudyara kwemari uye kwete pakudyara muvanhu neramangwana ravo. Hunhu hutsva hwematongerwo enyika - kusununguka - hwakakura vepakati uye vakawana hupfumi hwakawanda hwemari. Asi zvakare yakagadzira dambudziko rekurima uye yakagadzira mamiriro asina kunaka kune vashandi.
Dzidzisa Vashandi
Hurumende, kubvira muna 1991, yaiziva kuti zvakanga zvisina kukwana kuita kuti masangano ehurumende asununguke uye kutengesa midziyo yehurumende kumaoko akazvimirira. Chaifanira kuita zvimwe zvinhu zviviri.
Kutanga, yaifanira kuve nechokwadi chekuti mabhizinesi ehurumende aizokundikana uye obva arasikirwa nemvumo. Hurumende yakaita kuti makambani ehurumende awane mari nenzara aya achibva aona achipeperetswa nemhepo. Pasina mari, mafemu aya haana kukwanisa kugadzirisa uye akatanga kushata. Kufa kwavo kwakasimbisa gakava rekusununguka, kunyangwe kufa kwavo kwakagadzirwa nekuramwa kwekudyara.
Chechipiri, hurumende yakamanikidza kutyora masimba emubatanidzwa wevashandi nekushandisa matare kukanganisa kodzero yekuramwa mabasa uye nekushandisa paramende kugadzirisa mitemo yemubatanidzwa. Mibatanidzwa isina simba yaizoreva vashandi vakaora mwoyo, izvo zvinoreva kuti vashandi vachange vava kunzwira tsitsi mafemu akazvimirira.
Kodzero yekurova
Kuramwa mabasa uku, sezvakaita 17 kusati kwaitwa, kune chekuita nenyaya dzekurarama uye nezvekodzero yekuramwa mabasa. Mutemo mutsva wesangano revashandi unogara mudare reparamende. Zvinoreva kufa kwevashandi vemubatanidzwa muIndia. Chirevo chaTapan Sen nezve huranda chinoita sechisina hyperbolic mune ino mamiriro. Kana vashandi vasina simba, saka vanonyatsoitwa varanda kune iyo femu. Izvi zvatove zvakadaro mumafekitari anoshanda anenge semisasa yevasungwa.
Kufamba nemafekitori uchitevedza Chennai-Coimbatore corridor kana munzvimbo yeManesar kunokupa pfungwa yesimba remafekitori matsva aya. Ivo inhare, yakaoma kuputsa. Kana jeri. Chero nzira, masangano evashandi haagamuchirwe ipapo. Vanodzivirirwa kunze nechisimba—kungava chisimba kana kuti mhasuru dzezvematongerwe enyika. Vashandi vanowanzounzwa kubva kure, vatami vasina midzi munzvimbo. Hapana vashandi vanogara kwenguva refu. Pavanongoonekwa vakagadzikana, vanobviswa.
Vashandi vetsoka uye vanoshungurudzwa masangano evashandi vanoita kuti pave nenzvimbo yebasa yakaoma. Tsika yekubatana kwevashandi inoparadza, mhirizhonga yemagariro inokura-mbeu yezvematongerwo enyika zveneofascist.
Hope muKerala
Kerala inzvimbo yakasarudzika muIndia. Pano, tsika yekurwisana inoramba yakasimba; kudada munhoroondo yeKerala yekuchinja kwemagariro kunoonekwa. Mukati memakore zana apfuura, Kerala yakarodza kurwisa kwayo hutungamiriri uye kupatsanura. Tsika dzinotyisa dzemagariro dzakadzoserwa kumashure, uye Kuruboshwe kwakagadzira chiitiko cheruzhinji sechinhu chakajairika chehupenyu hwemagariro.
Kana Kuruboshwe kwave kutonga-sezvazvave musimba-hazviunzi mitemo mitsva nefiat. Mafambiro mazhinji eKuruboshwe anovandudza veruzhinji kusimudzira ruzivo uye kuvaka chido chezvematongerwo enyika kuseri kwezvirongwa. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero nei mweya wekushaya tariro usingarembeke pamusoro peKerala.
Kumwewo muIndia, varimi vanenge 300,000 XNUMX vakazviuraya zvakanyanya pamusana pedambudziko rechikwereti chekurima. Purofesa Siddik Rabiyath weYunivhesiti yeKerala anondiudza kuti vabati vehove vane chikwereti chakanyanya kupfuura varimi, asi kuti havazviuraye. Anokarakadza kuti ikoku kungava nemhaka yekariro yokuti kubatwa kwezuva rinotevera kuchavanunura pachikwereti. Imhaka zvakare nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze etariro muKerala.
Gore rakapera, apo nyika iyi yemamiriyoni 35 yakapinda pasi pemvura mumafashamo, vabati vehove vakabata magwa avo ndokuva pamberi pevashandi vekununura. Havana kuita basa iri nokuda kwemari kana mukurumbira. Vakazviita nekuda kwetsika yekubatana kwevanhu mudunhu uye nekuda kwetsika yekuita veruzhinji pano (ona Tricontinental: Institute for Social Research. dossier pamafashamo muKerala).
sitiraiki
Nzira dzenjanji dzinobuda muThiruvananthapuram hadzishande. Vanorova vanogara panjanji. Vavhara zvitima. Saka itaiwo nevarovi muAssam-mhiri kweIndia. Vavharawo njanji. National Highway 16 muBhubaneswar, Odisha, inzvimbo yekupaka. Motokari nemidhudhudhu haigoni kufamba. Zvikoro nemayunivhesiti zvakanyarara. Masangano akatenderera nzvimbo dzemaindasitiri kunze kweDelhi uye kunze kweChennai. Mabhazi evoruzhinji muMumbai anogara munzvimbo dzavanopaka, zvimire zvemabhazi zvinongoona wega.
Hurumende yeMutungamiriri weNarendra Modi yakanyarara. Kune maelections gare gare gore rino. Tembiricha muIndia haifarire Modi. Asi handicho chikonzero chekunyarara kwake. Akaita tsika yekufuratira zvinoitwa neruzhinji, kumira pamusoro pazvo zvese, kunyepedzera kuti hazvisi kuitika. Kana mutemo mutsva wesangano revashandi ukatanga kushanda, India ichasiya chero kuzvipira kune democracy yepabasa. Icho chikamu chekudzikira zvishoma nezvishoma kwemaitiro edemocracy munyika, kunyura mukushata kwehutungamiriri nehutongi. Vashandi havadi izvi. Vari mumigwagwa. Vane zvimwe zvirongwa zveramangwana ravo.
Ichi chinyorwa chakabudiswa Globetrotter, chirongwa cheiyo Independent Media Institute.
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