Kunobva: Jacobin
Alexis Tsipras mutungamiri weCoalition of the Radical Left (SYRIZA)
Mufananidzo naArvnick/Shutterstock.com
Kune avo vari kuedza kunzwisisa kuti takasvika sei pano, uye kwatinofanira kuenda, Dambudziko reSocialist Nhasi (Haymarket 2020) inzvimbo yakakosha yekutanga. Kuramba tariro yenhema yemhando ipi neipi, bhuku rinobatsira chaizvo nekuti rinotsanangura kuti nei zvakadaro zvakaoma kuva socialist. Nekuona zvine hungwaru zvipingamupinyi kushanduko ye-anti-capitalist, inopa masocialists mepu yenzira yekukunda.
Kuruboshwe Kusimuka, Kuderera, uye Kuberekwazve
Bhuku rinotanga nechamupupuri nhoroondo yesocialist movement. Dambudziko redu razvino, vanyori vanopokana, rinoratidza magumo enzira mbiri dzekuruboshwe dzezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri: gutsaruzhinji uye Leninism.
Leninism yakanga ine hunhu hwakawanda hunoyemurika, kusanganisira (pakugona kwayo) kutarisisa kurwisa kwakarongwa kurwisa boka re capitalist, kuzvipira mukuvaka kubatana kwevashandi kuyambuka miganhu yenyika, uye "kuzivikanwa kuti kuronga kwehupfumi hwesocialism kunoda kubvisa mari kubva kumari." Zvakawanda zveizvi zvakapfuura, zvisinei, nekutyisa kwe Stalinism uye tsika yekuwedzeredza zano resocialist kubva kune chaiyo yechiitiko cheRussia. Democratic socialism nhasi inofanirwa "kusanganisira zvese zvaive zvakanaka nezvechiono chechikomunisiti," uku ichiramba maitiro ayo anopokana nedemocracy pamwe nemaitiro ayo echikomunisti. kutenda kusina kururama kuti mhirizhonga ye "kupwanya nyika" inogoneka mumademocracies epamusoro.
Asi nenhaka ya1917 pamakumbo ayo okupedzisira, “denho huru” yemasocialists nhasi inzira yokunzvenga nayo musungo wakasiana uyo vakasiiwa vakawirawo mukati mezana ramakore rapfuura: “kusarudzwa kwegutsaruzhinji.”
Kubva pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri zvichienda mberi, sangano revashandi kurwa kwakabudirira kuvhoti nedzimwe kodzero dzedemocracy zvakaburitsa tsika inoshamisa yemasangano evashandi vakawanda - uye kunyanya hutungamiriri hwavo - kuve. kubatanidzwa mune capitalist status quo. Izvi zvakava pachena muna 1914, apo vatungamiriri vemasoshazimu muEurope yose vakamira vachitsigira vatongi venyika dzavo pakaziviswa hondo yenyika.
Mumakumi emakore akatevera, kubatana nemasimba-anofanira kuenderera mberi kuvharidzira kurwisana kwekirasi. Mukati memasangano evashandi nemapato esocialist pasirese, kuedza kuvaka hunyanzvi hwevashandi-ne-mafaira uye kuronga boka revashandi rakakura zvakawira parutivi.
Takatarisana nekukanganisika kweutongi hwezvido zvevanhu uye communism, mafambiro ezvematongerwo enyika akabuda muma1970 aitsvaga nzira itsva, yaidzivirira kusasimba kwezvose zviri zviviri. Kune ava vakasiya mapato mukati memapato edemocratic, uye vanofunga se André Gorz, Tony Benn, Ralph Miliband, uye Nicolas Poulantzas, zvakanga zvakakodzera uye zvichibvira kurwisana nemacapitalist kwete mumigwagwa nomunzvimbo dzebasa bedzi, asiwo mukati mehurumende.
Nehurombo, ava vanopikisa vedemocratic-socialist havana kukurira zvakakwana vatungamiriri netsika vaivepo nenguva kuti vanyatsotarisana nemhirizhonga yepasi rose yakatanga muma1980s. Mhedzisiro yacho inosanozivikanwa: mibatanidzwa yakabviswa, nyika yerubatsiro yakadzoserwa kumashure, basa rakava nenjodzi, uye nharaunda dzevashandi dzakawedzera kushushikana uye kudzikisirwa.
Mumakumi mana emakore apfuura ekudzokera shure, masangano emagariro agara achimuka achipesana nehondo, kudzvanyirirwa kwemarudzi uye kwevakadzi, kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi rose, uye kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Zvakadaro pasina simba remibatanidzwa yakasimba kana mubatanidzwa wemapato emasocialist, mazhinji ekuratidzira uku kwakauya nekuenda pasina kana kuhwina zvavanoda kana kusandura zvakanyanya kuenzana kwemasimba pakati pedu nemabhirioni.
Kuzvigadzirisa kune iyi yekufamba kutenderera, yakawanda yekusarudzika uye anarchist-tinged left zvakadonhedza zvematongerwo enyika zvesarudzo pamwe chete. Iyo mantra itsva yaive "shandura nyika pasina kutora simba." Kufuratira nyika yechibatiso, zvinosuruvarisa, kwakaratidza kuva nzira isingashandi yokuikurira. Nerudzi urwu"movementism” pakusagadzikana, chikuva chakanga chagadzirirwa nzira itsva.
Dambudziko rechiGiriki
Zvichitevera Kuderera Kukuru Kwezveupfumi uye kuputika kwepasi rose kwekuratidzira kunopesana nehupfumi mumigwagwa, mabasa, uye kusagadzikana muna 2011, mhirizhonga dzakazotanga "kubva pakuratidzira kuenda mune zvematongerwo enyika." Dambudziko reSocialist Nhasi anopokana kuti zvakasiya zvematongerwo enyika kubvira 2014 zvakatsanangurwa nekuchinja kwe "kupikisa kudyidzana kwepasi rose" kubva "mumigwagwa kuenda kuhurumende." Munguva iyi ipfupi inoshamisa, Kuruboshwe kwakabuda mumakumi emakore ekusarudzika munharaunda uye mumigwagwa-chete zvematongerwo enyika, kuve mukwikwidzi mukuru wesimba rehurumende.
Zvematongerwo enyika zvekirasi zvadzokera kune zvematongerwo enyika - chiitiko chikuru chenhoroondo chinogona kubhadhara mubairo mumakore nemakumi emakore ari kuuya. Asi semutungamiri wemubatanidzwa weBritish Andrew Murray manotsi, "iyi zvematongerwo enyika matsva kazhinji anonyanya kutarisana nekirasi pane akadzika midzi," sezvo asina kubuda "kubva kumasangano akasarudzika ekirasi-in-pamene." Nemamwe manzwi, kunyangwe nhasi Kuruboshwe ichitsvaga kupatsanura vashandi vachipesana nemacapitalist, ichiri kushaya hukama hwakadzama kumasangano evashandi nenetiweki munharaunda.
Kuvaka midzi yakadaro kwave kwakaoma zvikuru nemhaka yenhambo dzakarongwa dzebasa mumakumi amakore apfuura. With mubatanidzwa density uye mitengo yekuramwa mabasa pakuderera kwenhoroondo munyika yeanglophone, mhirizhonga yedemocratic-socialist yakamanikidzwa kurwisa mabhiriyoni nerumwe ruoko rwakasungwa kumusana.
Takatarisana nechirevo ichi chinopokana, Dambudziko reSocialist Nhasi inotarisa pane kusimba uye kusakwanisa kwezvidzidzo zvitatu zvenyaya: Syriza muGreece, Corbyn muUnited Kingdom, uye Sanders muUnited States. Thesis yepakati yevanyori iri nyore: kudzoreredza neoliberalism uye kuenda kuSocialism kunoda kuwedzera nekushandura sangano revashandi pamwe nekuita gutsaruzhinji nekukurudzira kubatanidzwa kune mukurumbira. Pasina shanduko idzi, hatingahwine.
Zvakaitika kuGreece ndezvechokwadi. Mafungu ekuputika, mabasa, uye kuratidzira kubva muna 2010 zvichienda mberi zvakaisa nhanho yekukunda kwaSyriza musarudzo. Yakasarudzwa muna Ndira 2015 ine mvumo yakakurumbira yekumisa kuomarara kunoparadza kwakaiswa neTroika (European Central Bank, European Commission, uye International Monetary Fund), bato iri rakasimudza zvakanyanya zvinotarisirwa nevashandi veGreek uye nyika dzakasara. Asi muna Chikunguru wegore iro, vatungamiriri vepamusoro veSyriza vakanga vachisaina "chibvumirano chechitatu" chaisimbisa iyo. mitemo yakafanana kuti vakanga vasarudzwa kuti vadzokere shure.
Panitch, Gindin, uye Maher vanopokana kuti kuumba izvi sechipo uye kupandukira nehutungamiriri hwaAlexis Tsipras kunopotsa kukundwa kwakadzika midzi yezvematongerwo enyika. Uye harisi dambudziko chete rekuti vatungamiriri veSyriza vakatadza kunyatsofunga nezve "Chirongwa B" mavaizoramba matanho ese ehusterity, kusiya eurozone, uye kutora imwe mari. Zvisati zvatanga kutonga, hutungamiriri hwakanga hwasiya kuzvipira kwahwo mukuvaka hunyanzvi hwevashandi:
Haana kunyanya kutariswa kuti ndiani aizosara mubato kuti aite semurongi munzanga. Kuwedzera kwenhengo dzebato kwanga kusingaenderane nebudiriro yesarudzo. Kunyangwe pakapinda varatidziri vatsva, hutungamiriri hwaiwanzoita zvishoma kutsigira avo vaive mubato vaida kusimudzira hunyanzvi hwevaratidziri ava kuti vashandure mapazi ebato kuti ave nzvimbo dzehupenyu hwevashandi uye kuti vabatane navo zvine hungwaru. iyo solidarity network, mukuronga dzimwe nzira dzekugadzira nekushandisa. Zvese izvi zvakataura kuti Syriza ichiri kure sei kubva pakuziva nzira yekupukunyuka nayo miganhu yegutsaruzhinji.
Mikana yakarasika yekusimudzira uye kutsamira pakuronga kwevashandi kwakava kwakanyanya kana Syriza atora chigaro. Vanyori vanotora murwi weSyriza Andreas Karitzis, uyo akapokana kuti hapana hutungamiriri hwebato kana, zvakatonyanya kukosha, vatsoropodzi varo vakapa hurongwa hwakabatikana hwekuunganidza masimba ane mukurumbira kuti aite mitemo inofambira mberi.
Kukunda zvipingamupinyi zvemasangano anopikisa democratic kunoda kushandura nyika nekuibatanidza, uye nekusimbisa, zvirongwa zvakakurumbira: "makomisheni mazhinji akange aumbwa akaburitsa kusawirirana kwezvematongerwo enyika kusinganzwisisike pane kutsanangura hurongwa hwekuita nechikamu kukunda zvipingamupinyi uye kugadzirisa zvakare mabasa ehurumende. uye masangano ane hutongi hwejekerere. " Pamikana yakawanda yakadai, Bazi reDzidzo semuenzaniso ringadai rakashandura zvikoro kuita “nzvimbo dzenharaunda” kuti dzitsigire kuedza kwevamiriri venzvimbo uye kupa dzidzo kana kudzidziswa kwehunyanzvi kuvavakidzani pamwe nevabereki.
Nemafambiro evazhinji veGreece uye masangano evashandi akadzikisirwa - uye nehurumende yakaparadzaniswa nedzimwe nyika nekuda kwehukama husina simba hwemauto kune dzimwe nyika - hazvishamise kuti Tsipras akazokotamira kuTroika. Kucherekedza chimiro ichi hakuregerere sarudzo dzehutungamiriri hweSyriza. Asi zvinotinongedzera kuchidzidzo chakakodzera. Kukunda sarudzo hakuna kukwana: kuti iite zvayaida, hurumende yeKuruboshwe inofanira kuzembera nekukurudzira mafambiro evashandi vakawanda. Uye inofanirwa kurwira kuita democratize nyika.
Iyo Corbyn uye Sanders Movements
Pane chete kusvika pari zvino kuti masocialists anogona kuenda pasina masangano evashandi vemauto anokwanisa kukurudzira mamirioni evashandi uye kuvaka hutsva hwezvematongerwo enyika pfungwa pasi. As Dambudziko reSocialist Nhasi inoratidza, masocialists muUnited Kingdom vaipokana izvi pamberi peCorbyn's 2019. kukunda akanyatsojekesa.
Kunyangwe hazvo vakahwina vakahwina hutungamiri hweBato reLabour muna 2015, vazhinji vebato reparamende reLabour, vakuru venzvimbo, uye mubatanidzwa wevashandi vakaramba vasina kushandurwa. Kutaura zvazviri, a ichangoburwa 850-mapeji mushumo unonyora kuti vatungamiriri vebato rekurudyi vakapedza sei makore mashanu apfuura vachitsvaga kukanganisa Corbyn kubva mukati.
Kuwanda kwenhengo dzechidiki, dzakarongwa zvakanyanya kutenderera tichimhanya, yasundirwa nenzira inoyemurika munzira itsva. Asi basa iri raive rakakura kune vasina ruzivo uye vasina midzi. Senhengo yebato reSalford, Tom Blackburn vakakavadzana muna 2017, dambudziko raive "kushinga kusimudzira rutsigiro rwakakurumbira kune imwe nzira yezvematongerwo enyika, pane kufungidzira kuti kune rutsigiro rwakakwana rwagara rwuripo, rwakangomirira kupinzwa." Sezvo kuzvipira kuCorbynism kwaive kusina kuenzana nechizvarwa nedunhu, zvaizotora basa rakawanda rekuronga nemoyo murefu kuti rikunde ruzhinji rwevashandi.
Matanho kubva pazasi uye kubva kuhutungamiriri hweCorbyn kumusoro aidiwa kufambisira mberi chirongwa ichi chinotyisa, chingangokonzera kunetsana nevakuru vebato vakadzika midzi pamwe nenhengo dzeParamende dzeVashandi. Achisimbisa kukosha kwe "kujeka uye kutendeseka pamusoro pehukuru hwebasa rakatarisana neruboshwe rutsva rweLabour, uye chimiro chebasa iro zvakare," Blackburn akadana kudzoreredza "Bato reLabour sesimba rinokurudzira munharaunda dzevashandi, kuita demokrasi. magadzirirwo emitemo, uye kuunza kuburikidza nechizvarwa chinotevera cheVashandi vakasiya makadhi, vamiriri, uye varatidziri. "
Pakati pezvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvikonzero nei Corbyn rasika mukupera kwa2019, kusavapo kwesangano rakasimba revashandi pamwe kwakakura zvakanyanya. Kunyanya mu post-maindasitiri matunhu, makumi emakore ekukundwa uye kutsakatika kweBato rakasimba reBato kana zvimiro zvemubatanidzwa zvakasiya vanhu vanoshanda vakasiya basa uye vatomisikidzwa kuti meseji yaCorbyn isvike zvakakwana. dzokorora. Pakugogodza pamagonhi evavhoti, vazvipiri vakasangana nekukahadzika kunonzwisisika kuti Labor yaigona kuita zvayakavimbisa. Makore mashoma mashoma emushandirapamwe wemukati nekunze akange aratidza kusakwana kuratidza imwe nzira inoshanda:
Kukundwa kwevashandi muna 2019 kwakasimbisa miganho yezvingaitwe pasina shanduko yakakosha mubato pachayo, zvishoma kwazvo izvo zvakaitwa mumakore eCorbyn, kunyanya maererano nekuita zvakanangana nekunetsana uye zviitiko padanho renharaunda zvakare. senzvimbo yebasa, uye kusimudzira magariro pamwe nevezvematongerwo enyika kuti vagadzire hukama munharaunda dzakasiyana dzevashandi nenzvimbo dzebasa. Kuwanda kwekuwedzera kwenhengo mumakore eCorbyn kwakaitika kuburikidza nekudyidzana padanho renyika kwete kuburikidza nebato renzvimbo. Uye vashoma vavo, kusanganisira veMomentum activists, vaipinda misangano yebato renzvimbo.
Kunyangwe dai Corbyn akakunda musarudzo, kushaya simba kwebato revashandi uye kupikiswa kwemukati menhengo dzeparamende dzine mwero pakati peVashandi vangadai vakaramba vari zvipingamupinyi zvekukunda vachirwa neboka recapitalist rine simba guru. Sechiitiko chechiGiriki akaratidzwa, chinhu chimwe chakaipisisa kupfuura kukundwa musarudzo kuhwina uye kusundidzirwa kushandisa mitemo yevanopikisa.
Bato reDemocratic-socialist rakamuka zvakare muUnited States rakaratidza simba rakafanana nemiganhu sevamwe varo kunze kwenyika. Bernie Sanders anomhanya muna 2016 uye 2020 anga ari game-kuchinja yetsika nemagariro ezvematongerwo enyika, zvichiratidza kusimuka kunoshamisa kubva kune centrist, pro-corporate liberalism yevanhu vakaita saHillary Clinton naJoe Biden. Panitch, Gindin, naMaher vanocherekedza kuti nekuita "kusaenzana kwekirasi dingindira repakati pemushandirapamwe wezvematongerwo enyika nenzira yakarongedzerwa kupindirana nepakati pedzinza uye kupatsanurwa kwevanhukadzi kusvika kumagumo ekuvaka mauto anowirirana ekirasi," Bernie akaita basa risingaenzaniswi. kumuAmerica akaremerwa akasiyiwa.
Seneta weVermont wechikuru akadzoreredza masocialism uye kudzoreredza zvematongerwo enyika pamwero mukuru: "Sanders atungamira nzira mukugadzira kuvhurwa kwehurukuro itsva yesocialist, pamwe nekushanda kuburikidza nemushandirapamwe wemutungamiri wenyika kuti asangohwina musarudzo, asiwo kuvaka sangano rinogara reboka revashandi.” Imwe budiriro inocherechedzwa kwave kuri kuputika kwekukura kwe Democratic Socialists of America. New DSAers vakatora basa rekurwira kushandura basa rakarongeka, kunyanya nekutamba hutungamiriri hwakakosha uye mabasa ekutsigira mune mazhinji kuramwa mabasa kwevadzidzisi kubvira 2018.
Kutaura chokwadi, mishandirapamwe yaBernie yakave nemipimo yakakura. Vanyori, semuenzaniso, vanonongedza kuedza kwaBernie "kudzosa" Democratic Party, iyo yakatora simba uye zviwanikwa zvakashandiswa zviri nani kuvaka hupenyu hunogara. midziyo yezvematongerwo enyika yakazvimirira. Kuchengeta rusununguko rwedu kubva kuDemocratic kugadzwa, uye kuchengeta vanozvipira vakarongeka kupfuura kutenderera kwesarudzo, kunoda kusimba. nhengo yedemokrasi masangano - uye pakupedzisira a party yedu.
Ndakaenda kunotsikisa muna Ndira 2020, Dambudziko reSocialist Nhasi hainyatso ongorora zvikonzero zvekukundwa kwaBernie munguva pfupi yapfuura. Asi ongororo yaro inonongedzera zvakajeka kuchidzidzo chikuru: kusavapo a kumutsiridza kufamba kwevashandi, zvakanga zvakaoma zvikuru kuti Bernie akunde sarudzo yenyika - ndoda kuita chirongwa chake kana akasarudzwa. Kufanana neUnited Kingdom, matunhu akawandisa uye zvikamu zvevashandi zvinoramba zvakasiya zvematongerwo enyika semazuva ese.
Mapoka ekuti Bernie angadai akahwina dai akanzvenga ichi kana chikanganiso chiya chehungwaru akadzikisira simba revanopikisa vedu uye kudiwa kwedivi redu kurongeka zvakanyanya kuvakunda. Vanyori vanogumisa kuti hapana kukurumidza kugadzirisa kwekukunda kusaenzana kwemagariro eiyo radicalization kana yekuvakazve sangano rine simba revashandi:
Kutiza dambudziko iri reboka revashandi haisi nyaya yemitemo iri nani kana mazano ari nani. Zvikuru idambudziko resangano kufambisa hurongwa hutsva hwekuumbwa kwemapoka kwakadzika midzi mumatanho akawanda ehupenyu hwevashandi anosanganisira kuzivikanwa kwakawanda nenharaunda.
Izvi zvingaratidzika sei kuenderera mberi? Fungidzira kushandura mibatanidzwa yedu kuti itungamirire kuramwa mabasa munyika yose, kuronga nekubudirira mamirioni evashandi veAmazon, Walmart, uye Whole Foods, uye hondo dzakasimba dzakatenderedza rusaruraganda, shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, uye kodzero dzekugara. Bato rakamutsiridzwa revashandi raizokwanisa kutsigira, nekuzendamira, mazana evatsva vakasanangurwa vegutsaruzhinji mumahofisi emunharaunda, ematunhu, uye enyika akazvipira kuvandudza zvinobatika muhupenyu hwevashandi. Kwete chete taizosimudza tarisiro dzedu pamwe chete - pakupedzisira taizove nekugona kwesangano kutanga kushandura zviroto zvedu kuti zvive chokwadi.
mhedziso
Kuruboshwe kunobatwa mune zvinosiririsa kubata-22 izvozvi. Kunyangwe tadzokera mune zvematongerwo enyika, hatisati tasimba zvakakwana kuti tihwine musarudzo dzenyika muUnited States kana kuUnited Kingdom. Uye sezvinoratidzwa neruzivo rwechiGiriki, kunyangwe paine simba rakakwana rekusarudzwa, hatina kukwanisa kudzosera kumashure hutongi hwejekerere.
Kukundwa kwesarudzo uku uye tarisiro dzakaparara, zvakare, zvinodzokera kwatiri nekuodza moyo vazvipiri, kuderedza simba redu, uye kukanganisa chirongwa chekuvaka ruboshwe rwakasimba rwakadzika midzi mubato rakamutsiridzwa revashandi. Pane njodzi chaiyo yekuti kudzikiswa kwekubva “kupikisa kuenda kune zvematongerwo enyika” kuchaita kuti vatsigiri vasiye tariro kana kutsvaga nzira dzekudimbudzira.
Sezvineiwo, pane nzira yekubuda nayo mukutenderera kwakashata uku. Kutora nzira yekuona-refu yakataurwa mukati Dambudziko reSocialist Nhasi kwaizogonesa kufamba kwedu kumirisana nekukwira nekudzika kwayo kusingadzivisiki. Panzvimbo pekupererwa nekushaya tariro kana kukanda mwana kunze nemvura yekugeza mushure mekukanganisa kwega kwega, maDemocratic socialist anogona kuramba achivaka masimba nekubatanidza basa resarudzo rekurwira kirasi - uye kutamburira kuita demokrasi - nekuedza kuwedzera nekushandura bato revashandi. . Ndiyo yega nzira yedu inogoneka kune simba.
Maitiro aya, anonzi nevanyori "hondo refu yechinzvimbo muzana ramakore rechimakumi maviri nerimwe," inzvimbo inodiwa yekukunda - asi haina kukwana. Kudzosera kumashure neoliberalism uye pakupedzisira kubvisa capitalism inoda zvinopfuura pfungwa dzakanaka uye simba. Mhando dzese dzezvinhu zvatisiri kutonga zvinosanganisira matambudziko ehupfumi, masaisai ekuramwa mabasa ega ega, kusagadzikana kukuru, uye mienzaniso inokurudzira kubva kunze kwenyika. Kushandisa zvakanyanya mazaruro aya paanosimuka, zvisinei, zvinoda hurongwa hwakajeka uye neruboshwe rwakasimba zvakakwana kuumba mafambiro ezviitiko.
Kuve socialist hakusi kuzomira kuoma chero nguva munguva pfupi. Vapikisi vedu vane simba rakawandisa zvekuti pasave nemabikirwo echokwadi ekubudirira kwenguva pfupi. Asi kukunda kunogoneka kana tikazvishongedza nezvidzidzo zvekare - pamwe nepimo ine hutano yekushivirira uye kutsunga.
Panguva ino, dzidza kuda kutamburira pachako. Takatarisana nekutambudzika kwakanyanya kusingakoshi uye kusarongeka, hapasisina nzira ine musoro yekushandisa nguva yako kupfuura kuronga shanduko huru munharaunda. Sokunyora kwakaita Karl Marx muna 1835,
Kana takasarudza nzvimbo muupenyu yatinogona kunyanya kushandira rudzi rwomunhu, hapana mitoro inogona kutikotamisa, nokuti zvibayiro zvinobetsera vose; ipapo hatizowani mufaro muduku, wakaganhurirwa, woudyire, asi mufaro wedu uchava wamamirioni, zviito zvedu zvichapfuurira chinyararire asi nokusingaperi pabasa, uye pamusoro pemadota edu kuchadeurwa misodzi inopisa yavanhu vanokudzwa.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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