Kodzero yekudzoka kwevapoteri vePalestine kunzvimbo yavakabva inoiswa muzvikamu zvina zvakasiyana zvemitemo yenyika yose: mutemo wevanhu, mutemo wekodzero dzevanhu, mutemo wenyika sekushandiswa kunoenderana nenyika, uye mutemo wevapoteri.
Kupfuura miviri iyi yemitemo, inoshanda kune vese vapoteri pasi rose, UN General Assembly yakatsanangura nyaya yePalestine muResolution 194, ndima 11, iyo inotaridza hurongwa hwekugadzirisa dambudziko revapoteri vePalestine, kusanganisira mukana wekudzoka. : โVapoteri vanoda kudzokera kumisha yavo kuti vagare murugare nevavakidzani vavo vanofanira kubvumirwa kuita kudaro nokukurumidza zvikuru, uye muripo wacho unofanira kubhadharwa nokuda kwepfuma yeavo vakasarudza kusadzoka uye nokuda kwokurasikirwa kana kuti kukuvadzwa. kumidziyo iyo, pasi pemitemo yemutemo wenyika dzakawanda kana mukuenzanisa, inofanira kuitwa zvakanaka nehurumende kana zviremera zvine basa.โ
Kuti tinzwisise kukosha kwenyaya yevapoteri kune vePalestine, tinofanira kunzwisisa kuti nyika yePalestine uye nyika yePalestine sezvazviri nhasi yakazvarwa zvichitevera kudzingwa kwevanopfuura hafu yevagari vePalestine kubva munyika yavo muna 1948, uye kuti chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha Kuzivikanwa kwePalestine "hupoteri." Kunzwisisa kwakadaro kunotimanikidza kugadzirisa dambudziko revapoteri vePalestine sechinhu chakakosha kune chero mhinduro yekunetsana kwePalestine-Israel.
Pane zvikonzero zvishanu zveizvi: Chekutanga, chero bedzi vaIsraeri vasingafungi zvakaitika kuvaPalestine muna 1948 uye kudzingwa kwevagari vemo kubva mu78 muzana yenyika yePalestine yenhoroondo, vacharamba vachikurukurirana pamusoro pezvakasara. 22 muzana (iyo West Bank kusanganisira East Jerusalem neGaza Strip). Hapana mhinduro kunyaya yevhu pasina kubatanidza nyaya yevapoteri. Ichi chinogona kunge chiri chikonzero nei Oslo Accords yakundikana.
Chechipiri, kugadzirisa nyaya yevapoteri haisi nyaya yeunyanzvi yekunyura, uye haisi nyaya yekudzokorora mutemo wenyika dzakawanda sekuverenga Korani. Asi, zvinosanganisira kumisa mhirizhonga yePalestine-Israel kunzvimbo yayo chaiyo, kuti unzwisise kuti zvakakonzera zvakakonzera sei kune imwe mhando yetsika yekoloni, uye kuziva kukosha kwegakava kwete kungonzwisisa chete, asiwo kubvuma uye kugamuchira, nhoroondo. mutoro.
Ichi ndicho chisungo chekuyananisa chokwadi uye kuregererana, sezvakataurwa namushakabvu Edward Said.
Chechitatu, zvisinei nekuti kugadzirisa kwekupedzisira kwekupokana kwePalestine neIsrael kunotora chimiro chenyika mbiri kana mubatanidzwa wenyika, nyaya yevapoteri haigone kunzi yechipiri. Ikozvino intifada yakaratidza kukosha kwevapoteri; ndivo vanoita zvemagariro uye vezvematongerwo enyika vasingakwanise kutakura kusagadzikana muOslo process.
Chechina, kunze kwekukosha kwehutsika uye kwekufananidzira kwekuwana kodzero yekudzoka, kodzero inobatsira pakugadzira hurongwa hwekupa vapoteri sarudzo pakati pekuramba vari munyika dzavanotambira, kudzokera kunzvimbo dzavanobva kana kuuya kune ramangwana rePalestine nyika ( kana nyika yechitatu). Kodzero yekusarudza chinhu chinodiwa kune avo vane, kwehafu yezana remakore, vakamanikidzwa kurarama sevatorwa vasina kodzero dzakakosha mumisasa inosuruvarisa uye muhurumende dzisina kuvambundira nemaoko akasununguka nguva dzose.
Pakupedzisira, kana kodzero yekudzoka uye kodzero yekusarudza yakagamuchirwa, ichazarura mikana yakawanda yekuti vapoteri vasarudze kubva. Kufamba kwevapoteri kunoenderana nezvinhu zvakawanda zvine chekuita nemagariro avo, hupfumi, tsika uye kuzivikanwa kwavo. Kudzoka kwevapoteri hakurevi kuti nzanga yose yevapoteri ichadzokera kuIsraeri. Munenge muzviitiko zvose, ruzivo rwevapoteri pasi rose runoratidza kuti nhamba yevaya vanodzoka iduku pane avo vanosarudza dzimwe mhinduro. Iyo yeIsrael phobia yekudzoka haina kurongeka.
Hannah Arendt, mufundo yake youdzvinyiriri, akatiyeuchidza nezveโchisarudzo chevakuru vakuru vehurumende chokugadzirisa chinetso chokusava nenyika kupfurikidza nokuchifuratira.โ Akasimbirira pakukoshera kwekuongorora kutamiswa kwevanhu kuburikidza nenyika dzevatorwa, uye akateedzera pfungwa dzezvematongerwo enyika uye dzekufananidzira dzakakonzera "pathologizing" uye kunyange kupa vapoteri mhosva. Kubatana kwemazuva ano kwakagadzirwa pakati pekudzoka kwePalestine uye kukanganisa kwehurongwa hwedunhu, kunyanya muIsrael, hunopupurira kuenderera mberi kweiyo pfungwa yaArendt.
* Sari Hanafi ndiye mutungamiriri wePalestinian Diaspora uye Refugee Center. Tsananguro iyi yakabuda mubitterlemons.org, tsamba yepamhepo
NaSari Hanafi
Kodzero yekudzoka kwevapoteri vePalestine kunzvimbo yavakabva inoiswa muzvikamu zvina zvakasiyana zvemitemo yenyika yose: mutemo wevanhu, mutemo wekodzero dzevanhu, mutemo wenyika sekushandiswa kunoenderana nenyika, uye mutemo wevapoteri.
Kupfuura miviri iyi yemitemo, inoshanda kune vese vapoteri pasi rose, UN General Assembly yakatsanangura nyaya yePalestine muResolution 194, ndima 11, iyo inotaridza hurongwa hwekugadzirisa dambudziko revapoteri vePalestine, kusanganisira mukana wekudzoka. : โVapoteri vanoda kudzokera kumisha yavo kuti vagare murugare nevavakidzani vavo vanofanira kubvumirwa kuita kudaro nokukurumidza zvikuru, uye muripo wacho unofanira kubhadharwa nokuda kwepfuma yeavo vakasarudza kusadzoka uye nokuda kwokurasikirwa kana kuti kukuvadzwa. kumidziyo iyo, pasi pemitemo yemutemo wenyika dzakawanda kana mukuenzanisa, inofanira kuitwa zvakanaka nehurumende kana zviremera zvine basa.โ
Kuti tinzwisise kukosha kwenyaya yevapoteri kune vePalestine, tinofanira kunzwisisa kuti nyika yePalestine uye nyika yePalestine sezvazviri nhasi yakazvarwa zvichitevera kudzingwa kwevanopfuura hafu yevagari vePalestine kubva munyika yavo muna 1948, uye kuti chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha Kuzivikanwa kwePalestine "hupoteri." Kunzwisisa kwakadaro kunotimanikidza kugadzirisa dambudziko revapoteri vePalestine sechinhu chakakosha kune chero mhinduro yekunetsana kwePalestine-Israel.
Pane zvikonzero zvishanu zveizvi: Chekutanga, chero bedzi vaIsraeri vasingafungi zvakaitika kuvaPalestine muna 1948 uye kudzingwa kwevagari vemo kubva mu78 muzana yenyika yePalestine yenhoroondo, vacharamba vachikurukurirana pamusoro pezvakasara. 22 muzana (iyo West Bank kusanganisira East Jerusalem neGaza Strip). Hapana mhinduro kunyaya yevhu pasina kubatanidza nyaya yevapoteri. Ichi chinogona kunge chiri chikonzero nei Oslo Accords yakundikana.
Chechipiri, kugadzirisa nyaya yevapoteri haisi nyaya yeunyanzvi yekunyura, uye haisi nyaya yekudzokorora mutemo wenyika dzakawanda sekuverenga Korani. Asi, zvinosanganisira kumisa mhirizhonga yePalestine-Israel kunzvimbo yayo chaiyo, kuti unzwisise kuti zvakakonzera zvakakonzera sei kune imwe mhando yetsika yekoloni, uye kuziva kukosha kwegakava kwete kungonzwisisa chete, asiwo kubvuma uye kugamuchira, nhoroondo. mutoro.
Ichi ndicho chisungo chekuyananisa chokwadi uye kuregererana, sezvakataurwa namushakabvu Edward Said.
Chechitatu, zvisinei nekuti kugadzirisa kwekupedzisira kwekupokana kwePalestine neIsrael kunotora chimiro chenyika mbiri kana mubatanidzwa wenyika, nyaya yevapoteri haigone kunzi yechipiri. Ikozvino intifada yakaratidza kukosha kwevapoteri; ndivo vanoita zvemagariro uye vezvematongerwo enyika vasingakwanise kutakura kusagadzikana muOslo process.
Chechina, kunze kwekukosha kwehutsika uye kwekufananidzira kwekuwana kodzero yekudzoka, kodzero inobatsira pakugadzira hurongwa hwekupa vapoteri sarudzo pakati pekuramba vari munyika dzavanotambira, kudzokera kunzvimbo dzavanobva kana kuuya kune ramangwana rePalestine nyika ( kana nyika yechitatu). Kodzero yekusarudza chinhu chinodiwa kune avo vane, kwehafu yezana remakore, vakamanikidzwa kurarama sevatorwa vasina kodzero dzakakosha mumisasa inosuruvarisa uye muhurumende dzisina kuvambundira nemaoko akasununguka nguva dzose.
Pakupedzisira, kana kodzero yekudzoka uye kodzero yekusarudza yakagamuchirwa, ichazarura mikana yakawanda yekuti vapoteri vasarudze kubva. Kufamba kwevapoteri kunoenderana nezvinhu zvakawanda zvine chekuita nemagariro avo, hupfumi, tsika uye kuzivikanwa kwavo. Kudzoka kwevapoteri hakurevi kuti nzanga yose yevapoteri ichadzokera kuIsraeri. Munenge muzviitiko zvose, ruzivo rwevapoteri pasi rose runoratidza kuti nhamba yevaya vanodzoka iduku pane avo vanosarudza dzimwe mhinduro. Iyo yeIsrael phobia yekudzoka haina kurongeka.
Hannah Arendt, mufundo yake youdzvinyiriri, akatiyeuchidza nezveโchisarudzo chevakuru vakuru vehurumende chokugadzirisa chinetso chokusava nenyika kupfurikidza nokuchifuratira.โ Akasimbirira pakukoshera kwekuongorora kutamiswa kwevanhu kuburikidza nenyika dzevatorwa, uye akateedzera pfungwa dzezvematongerwo enyika uye dzekufananidzira dzakakonzera "pathologizing" uye kunyange kupa vapoteri mhosva. Kubatana kwemazuva ano kwakagadzirwa pakati pekudzoka kwePalestine uye kukanganisa kwehurongwa hwedunhu, kunyanya muIsrael, hunopupurira kuenderera mberi kweiyo pfungwa yaArendt.
* Sari Hanafi ndiye mutungamiriri wePalestinian Diaspora uye Refugee Center.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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