Pane kushushikana kwakanyanya pamusoro pekugona kwehondo yekutengeserana pakati peChina neUSA. Mukutanga kwaKubvumbi, Mutungamiriri wenyika yeAmerica, VaDonald Trump, vakazivisa kuti hutongi hwavo hwaive hwekuda kubhadharisa mabhiriyoni zana emadhora ekuwedzera mutero wekutengesa kunze kwenyika kweChina, mushure mekunge hurumende yeChina yapindura kukwidzwa kwemutero weUS pazvinhu zveChina zvemadhora mabhiriyoni makumi mashanu nekuzivisa mutero wayo wakaenzana. kukwira kuUS kunze kwenyika. Uye hurumende yeChina yakaburitsa pachena kuti ichapindura zvakare mumhando kana mitero mitsva iyi ikaiswa.
Saka, zvese nezvei?
Kusvika panguva ino, zvakakosha kusimbisa kuti hapana mitero mitsva yakabvisiswa, nehurumende dzeUS kana dzeChinese. Dunhu rekutanga remitero yakaziviswa yeUS pazvinhu zveChinese ichiri pasi penguva yekutaura neveruzhinji isati yatanga kushanda, uye zviri muchikamu chechipiri hazvisati zvasarudzwa zviri pamutemo. Nokudaro, nyika mbiri idzi dzine nguva yekudzokera shure kubva pakutyisidzira kwadzo.
Chakakoshawo inyaya yekuti nyika mbiri idzi dziri kungwarira zvinhu zvadziri kuda kubhadharisa mutero. Semuyenzaniso, hutongi hwaTrump hwakanyatso dzivirira kutaura nezvekuisa mutero pamakomputa kana nharembozha, zviviri zvezvakakura zveUS kubva kuChina. IUS yakarambawo kuisa mutero pazvipfeko, shangu, uye fenicha, zvakare zvinhu zvikuru zvinobva kuChina.
Multinational Marketing Networks
Hazvina kuoma kufungidzira chikonzero nei: zvinhu izvi zvinogadzirwa sechikamu chenyika dzakawanda makambani anodzorwa kugadzirwa uye kushambadzira network inoshanda pasi pekutungamirwa neanotungamira makambani eUS seDell, Apple, uye Walmart. Kubhadharisa mutero zvinhu izvi kwaizokanganisa purofiti yemakambani. Semunhu aimbove komisheni weUS International Trade Commission Ratidza: "Zvinoita sekuti mumiriri weUS wekutengeserana ainyatsoziva nezvecheni dzepasi rose mukuchengeta zvimwe zvezvinhu izvi zvisiri pachirongwa."
Hurumende yeChina, kune chikamu chayo, yakangwarira zvakaenzana. Semuyenzaniso, yakaisa ndege diki pane yainoda tariff rondedzero ichibvisa ndege huru dzakagadzirwa neBoeing.
Kunyangwe vezvenhau vachinyanya kutsigira zvakataurwa naPresident Trump zvekuti kutyisidzira kwavo mutero kuChina ndezvekuyedza kudzikisa kushomeka kwekutengeserana kweUS neChina kuitira kuchengetedza mabasa ekugadzira anobhadhara zvakanyanya uye kumutsiridza kugadzira kweUS, mutungamiri wenyika ane chinangwa chakatetepa kwazvo - ndiko kuchengetedza chinzvimbo chemonopoly uye purofiti yemakambani makuru eUS. Mutsara mupfupi weruoko rweichi kuchengetedzwa kwe "intellectual property rights." SaTrump tweeted muna Kurume: “US iri kuita nekukurumidza pakubirwa kweIntellectual Property. Hatigoni kubvumira izvi kuti zviitike sezvazvave zvichiita kwemakore akawanda!”
Bloomberg News inopa zvimwe tsananguro yakadzama yekubatana pakati pekutyisidzira kwemitero uye chinangwa chekudzivirira hupfumi hwemakambani:
"White House iri kufunga kuisa mutero pazvinhu zvakawanda zvevatengi kuranga China nekuda kweIP [intellectual property] maitiro ... iyo US inoti ... mamiriro ekuita bhizinesi kumahombekombe, uye nekupa rutsigiro rwenyika kumafemu eChinese kuwana tekinoroji yakakosha kunze kwenyika. Kubvumirana kuri kukura kuti mitemo iyi, yakagadzirirwa kumisa China semutambi ane hunyanzvi mune ramangwana, kubva kumasemiconductors kuenda kumota dzemagetsi, anotyisidzira kukanganisa tekinoroji yeAmerica, zvese zvekutengeserana nemauto. "
Mune mamwe mazwi, kutyisidzira kwemitero yeUS, muchokwadi, idanho rekuita kuti hurumende yeChina igamuchire dziviriro yakasimba yekodzero dzepfuma yehungwaru uye tekinoroji yemafemu ekutungamira eUS mumaindasitiri akadai semishonga, ndege, nharembozha, uye mota. Kana Trump akabudirira, makambani eUnited States emarudzi akawanda achaita mari yakawanda. Asi pachave nekuwana kushoma kwevashandi vekuUS.
Mabasa eVashandi veUS?
Iyo indasitiri yemotokari inopa yakanaka nyaya. Mutungamiri wenyika VaTrump vakadzokorora kutaura kuti kumanikidza China kudzikisa mutero wayo pamotokari dzeAmerica dzinotengwa kunze kwenyika zvichabatsira indasitiri yemotokari yeAmerica. Sezvaanotaura nemazvo, kune mutero we2.5 muzana pamotokari dzinotumirwa kubva kuChina kuenda kuUS uye mutero we25 muzana pamotokari dzinotumirwa kubva kuUS kuenda kuChina. VaTrump vanoti kudzikisa mutero weChinese kunobvumidza veautomaker vekuUS kutumira dzimwe mota kuChina uye kuwedzera mabasa emotokari muUSA.
Zvakadaro, GM, Ford nevamwe vanogadzira mota vakatotanga kudyidzana nemakambani ekuChina uye mota zhinji dzavanotengesa kuChina dzinogadzirwa kuChina. Izvi zvinovabvumira kuti vadzivise tariff. China ndiyo musika mukuru weGM uye yave kwemakore matanhatu akatwasuka. Kambani iyi ine makambani gumi akabatana uye maviri ane makambani ekunze akazara pamwe nevashandi vanodarika zviuru makumi mashanu nezvisere muChina. Inotengesa mota dzinosvika mamirioni mana pagore muChina, dzinenge dzese dzakagadzirwa muChina.
Iwo maviri makuru vatengesi vemotokari kubva kuUS kuenda kuChina maGerman chaiwo. BMW yakatumira 106,971 mota kubva kuUS kuenda kuChina muna 2017; Mercedes yakatumira 71,198. Ford ndiyo yaive inotungamira yekuUS ine auto kunze kwenyika uye iri pachinhanho chechitatu nemotokari dzinosvika makumi mana neshanu nemazana mana neshanu pagore. Fiat Chrysler aive wechina aine 45,145.
Muchidimbu, kudzikisa mutero wezvinhu zvinotengwa nemotokari kubva kuUS hazvichaita zvishoma kusimudzira kugadzirwa kwemotokari kana basa muUSA, kana kunyange purofiti yemakambani. Vanotungamira veUS automaker vakatove nepasirese yavo yekugadzira network. Asi, shanduko kumutemo wemubatanidzwa, kana kuomeswa kwekodzero dzezvivakwa muChina zvinogona kureva kuwedzera kukuru kune purofiti yeautomaker yeUS.
Nekudivi rayo, hurumende yeChina iri kuyedza kushandisa makambani makuru ehurumende, kutonga mari, kurambidza kudyara mari kune dzimwe nyika, masimba ekupihwa marezenisi, mitemo yekutenga zvinhu nehurumende, uye zvirambidzo zvekutengeserana kuvaka makambani ayo akasimba. Aya ndiwo marongero anonzwisisika ebudiriro, akafanana zvakanyanya neanoshandiswa neJapan, South Korea, neTaiwan. Ipfupi-side kune vanofambira mberi muUS kushoropodza kushandiswa kwemitemo yakadaro. Muchokwadi, isu tinofanirwa kunge tichikurudzira kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro ehurumende akafanana muUS kuitira kuvaka patsva nekumutsiridza hupfumi hweUS.
Izvo hazvireve kuti isu tinofanirwa kugashira zvisina tsarukano chinzvimbo cheChinese. Chikonzero ndechekuti hurumende yeChina kushandisa mitemo iyi kusimudzira makambani ekuChina anodzvanyirira ayo ari kuwedzera kuburitsa kunze kwenyika uye kudyidzana pasi rose. Mune mamwe mazwi, nyika yeChinese inongotsvaga kudzoreredza kwesimba nehupfumi kune iyo kubatsirwa nevakuru vayo, kwete kugadziridzazve kunofambira mberi kwayo kana kuti upfumi hwenyika yose.
Muchidimbu, kutyisidzira uku uye kutyisidzira pamusoro pekutengeserana hakuna chekuita nekudzivirira zvido zvevashandi muUS kana kuChina. Nehurombo, chokwadi ichi chakarasika munhau yekupenga pamusoro pekuti vangadudzira sei hukuru hwaTrump uye hunogara huchichinja marongero. Zvakare, kuda kwevanoongorora vanofambira mberi kuti vabatane nehutongi hwaTrump mukushoropodza China nekushandisa kwayo mitemo yemaindasitiri ehurumende kunoguma kwadzima musiyano wakakosha pakati pehunyanzvi nemashandisirwo ari kuitwa masimba aya. Uye izvo zvinongoita kuti zvinyanye kuoma kuvaka rudzi rwekufamba kwatinoda kugadzirisa hupfumi hweUS.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta