Musangano wevatapi venhau, matsotsi nevanoridza muridzo muBerlin svondo rino wakanzwa aimbove mukondirakiti weNational Security Agency (NSA), Edward Snowden, achidaidza vagari kuti vatsvage nzira dzekutora kutonga kwakananga pamusoro pehunyanzvi hweruzivo hwatinoshandisa mazuva ese.
The Logan Symposium, yakarongwa neCentre for Investigative Journalism (CIJ) iri muGoldsmiths University, London, yakanzwawo kubva kumutsikisi weWikileaks Julian Assange, uye vanoridza muridzo veNSA Thomas Drake naWilliam Binney.
Musangano wemazuva maviri uyu wakatsigirwa nemasangano akasiyana siyana erusununguko rwevatori venhau, zvipfeko zvakazvimirira zvevatapi venhau, uye midhiya yenhau - kusanganisira bepanhau reGerman. Der Speigel.
Ndakatora chikamu muhurukuro yekusiyirana semukurukuri, apo ini nevamwe vanyori vangu vanosanganisira mutori wenhau anoferefeta Jacob Appelbaum - uyo akashanda naAssange naSnowden, uye akazvimiririra akatyora nyaya yeNSA yekusora Chancellor weGerman Angela Merkel - akatsanangura. zviitiko zvedu zvemberi yekushuma.
Papanera pangu paivewo naEveline Lubbers, uyo akatanga kuferefeta achifumura mashandiro emapurisa ekuUK kupinda mumapoka evaratidziri; Martin Welz, mupepeti we Noseweek, magazini yeSouth Africa chete inoongorora nhau; Natalia Viana, mubatanidzwa wedhipatimendi reBrazil rinotungamira risingabatsiri rekuferefeta nhau, Agencia Publica; naAnas Aremeyaw, mutori wenhau anonyanyozivikanwa muAfrica.
Panguva yake oga vhidhiyo kero neMugovera manheru, Snowden akayambira pamusoro pekuona zvitsva mu encryption senzira chete yekugadzirisa kuongororwa kwevazhinji, pachinzvimbo ichisimbisa kukurumidza kwekuchinja kunoshamisa kwezvematongerwo enyika nemutemo.
Muridzi akashoropodzawo danho remutungamiri wenyika VaBarack Obama pagakava riripo pakati peApple neFBI panyaya yekuwana IPhone yakashandiswa mukupfurwa kweSan Bernardino.
"Pave nezvakawanda pamusoro pekuti tingagadzirisa sei matambudziko kuburikidza nehunyanzvi nzira," Edward Snowden akaudza vateereri muBerlin kuburikidza nevhidhiyo link.
โTinofanira kufunga kuti tasvika sei kuno. Tinotaura nezvekuvandudzwa kwemutemo, asi izvi hazvina kupihwa mvumoโฆ Ndiyo nzira yainofanira kushanda nayo, nzira iyo nzanga dzedu dzakagadzirwa kuti dzishande.
Chii chinoitika kana masisitimu akatadza kushanda?
Isu tine mafungiro aya echisikigo ekufunga kuti aya mabviro kubva kuhurongwa hwechisikigo hwezvinhu, uye zvese zvichave nani zvakare, uye isu tinogona kuvimba zvakare nehurongwa.
Asi, zvinozoitika, kuti kushandiswa zvisina kunaka uku kunobva kwesimbaโฆ Pose patinova nemapoka madiki ane masimba, tinenge tichishandisa masimba zvisizvo. Mechanichani nhasi ndeye tekinorojiโฆ
Pane mharadzano yetekinoroji uye kuwana ruzivo munharaunda. Indaneti ndiyo pfupiso yayo ... Inoramba ichitibata tose, asi isu tine zvishoma uye zvishoma kudzora pazviri. "
NeChishanu, muparidzi wekutanga weWikileaks, Julian Assange, akataura kushushikana kwakafanana mukero yake yevhidhiyo kubva kumumiriri weEcuadorian muLondon, uko bato reUN nguva pfupi yadarika rakagumisa kuti ari kusungwa zvisina tsarukano. Mhedziso iyoyo yakasvikwa, Assange akadaro, "zvisinei nekumanikidzwa kwakashata kubva kuhurumende dzeUS neUK paUN."
Assange akayambira nezvekuwedzera kuri kuita mharadzano pakati peGoogle, parizvino kambani hombe yenhau pasi rose, uye mauto eUS maindasitiri, kunyanya kuratidza kuwedzera kwekudyara kweGoogle muhungwaru hwekugadzira (AI) nemarobhoti, zvakanyanya kuitira 'kuchengetedzwa kwenyika' zvikumbiro nemauto eUS. intelligence community.
"Google iri kubatanidza masisitimu eAI nehurongwa hwekuchengetedza nyika," akadaro Assange. โIyi injodzi kuvanhu. Tinofanira kurega kupa Google chikafu."
Akakurudzira veruzhinji kuti vatarise mamwe masevhisi epamhepo kudzikamisa kugona kweGoogle kutsvaira dhata remunhu muAI masisitimu akasarudzwa nePentagon.
Kutyisidzira democracy
Vese Assange naSnowden vakapokana kuti kukurumidza kuiswa pakati pekutonga kweruzivo rwekutaurirana matekinoroji mukati mekambani yakazvimiririra iri kuwedzera kunyura nedziviriro-nyika, inomiririra kutyisidzira kwakakosha kune inoshanda demokrasi, kunyanya nhepfenyuro yemahara.
"Tinofanirwa kubvuma kuti nzira chete yekudzivirira kodzero dzemunhu, kuchengetedza kodzero dzevanhu vese," akadaro Snowden. "Kuwedzera izvi zvinoonekwa sekutyisidzira hurumende nekuti inomiririra nzvimbo yavasingachakwanise kupindira."
Achitsanangura maitiro aPresident Obama pagakava reApple-FBI se "dichotomy yenhema pakati pekuvanzika nechengetedzo," akataura kuti "unoda zvese", uye haugone kuve neimwe pasina imwe.
Snowden akawedzera kuti kushandiswa kwemetadata kunanga vanhu sekutyisidzira kuchengetedzeka kwenyika kunoisa muenzaniso une njodzi, uine huwandu hwakakura hwekumisikidzwa kwekururamisira kune vagari vemazuva ese. Munhu akangotaura nemutori wenhau achityora nyaya zvichienderana neruzivo kubva kumunhu anoridza muridzo wehurumende, semuenzaniso, anogona kupedzisira abatwa nemhosva - kunyangwe vasiri ivo vanobva - zvichibva pakushandiswa kwemetadata inovabatanidza nemamiriro ezvinhu. mutori wenhau.
"Kunyangwe uriwe kana kuti kwete, kana ukangotaura nemutori wenhau, unogona kupihwa mhosva," akadaro Snowden.
MuBritain, hurumende yeTory iri kuyedza kupinza mutemo wakanyanya kuoma, Investigatory Powers Bill (IP Bill), iyo yaizopa nyika masimba anoshamisa ekukanganisa kutapi venhau. Bhiri iri, iro kana rikapasiswa rinogona kuisa muenzaniso kune dzimwe nyika dzekuMadokero, rinofanirwa kuverengerwa kechipiri muparamende neChipiri, 15 Kurume.
Sangano reNational Union of Journalists, rinoti bhiri iri richapa hurumende masimba ekuona nhaurirano dzevatori venhau pamwe nekubira midziyo yavo yemagetsi, kusanganisira kubata zvirimo nemetadata yenhaurirano dzavo, pasina kuvazivisa.
Kunyange hazvo paine kushorwa kwakanyanya kubva kumakomiti eparamende akasiyana siyana, anosanganisira Joint Committee on the Investigatory Powers Bill, hurongwa hwehurumende hwakazotevera hwave huchitowedzera kuipa.
Sekureva kwaMichelle Stanistreet, munyori mukuru weNUJ, IP Bill:
โโฆ injodzi pakukwanisa kwevatapi venhau kuita basa ravo, kuvimbisa zvinyorwa zvavo uye kuchengetedza kwavanobva. Pasina dziviriro iyoyo, hatizove nevezvenhau vakasunungukaโฆ Kushaikwa kwedziviriro kune vatori venhau vese kuchava nemhedzisiro huru pakodzero yeruzhinji yekuziva muUK.
Metadata, hongu, yakatoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana nenharaunda yehungwaru kuti ione kwete chete vanofungidzirwa hugandanga, asiwo vanorwira, mapoka ekodzero dzevanhu, uye vamwe vanotsoropodza mutemo wehurumende.
Kuwedzera, siginicha inorova kurwisa mapoka asingazivikanwe evanofungidzirwa kuti magandanga anonangwa munzvimbo dzemitambo seSyria, Yemen, Pakistan neAfghanistan zvinongobva pametadata yakaunganidzwa kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwenharembozha, nhoroondo dzesocial media, uye mamwe emagetsi ruzivo repositori. Izvi zvakakonzera kufa kwevanhu vasingaverengeki.
Metadata kubva kune akawanda emagetsi masosi, kusanganisira social media, iri kuramba ichionekwa nePentagon, pamwe neUK neEU kuchengetedza masangano, senzvimbo yakakura yekuwanikwa nyore nyore 'yakavhurika sosi' yehungwaru kuedza kufanotaura, uye kutonga, maitiro evanhu.
Sezvandakataura muna February, zvinyorwa zvepamutemo zvisina kunyorwa kubva kuUS Hofisi yeNaval Research pakati pezvimwe zvirongwa zvekutsvagisa zvePentagon zvinopa chiedza pane zvinotyisa 'zvishoma report'-maitiro ezvishuvo zvevakuru vehurumende yeUS maererano nekuda kunyatsotarisira uye kufanotaura kuratidzira mune ramangwana, kuratidzira, kuparwa kwemhosva, hugandanga, kukakavara uye nyika- kukundikana. Zvakadaro nyanzvi dzakazvimiririra dzinoona kuti matekinoroji akadaro anowanzo gadzira manyepo enhema uye red-herrings, pane kufanotaura kweiyo chaiyo yekufungidzira kukosha.
Encryption?
Edward Snowden akakurudzira kushandiswa nekuchenjerera uye kufambiswa kwematekinoroji ekunyorera nevatori venhau kubatsira kuchengetedza masosi, asi akacherekedza kuti tekinoroji yega haisiyo mhinduro.
Imwe tekinoroji nyowani ine simba, yakazara inoshanda sisitimu inozivikanwa seSubGraph OS iyo inogona kuiswa paPC kana Mac kuti ipe yakazara yakazara yakavharidzirwa maturusi ekutaurirana, yakatangwa pamusangano uyu. SubGraph ndiyo ichangoburwa mune akati wandei akasiyana asi akafanana maturusi, akadai seMiswe - sisitimu yekushandisa inogona kusimudzwa pane chero komputa kuburikidza ne USB drive - uye Qubes, imwe sisitimu inoda kuisirwa pamakomputa akaomeswa akachengetedzwa akaomeswa.
Vagadziri vezvirongwa izvi pamusangano vakayambira, zvisinei, kuti kunyangwe maturusi aya aine simba, haape vimbiso yekupokana nekuongororwa kwehurumende, kunyanya nekuda kwekugona kusati kwazivikanwa kwakavakirwa-mukati 'backdoors' mune zvese zviri zviviri software nehardware.
"Iwo mapurojekiti makuru zvechokwadi," akadaro Snowden, achisimbisa SubGraph OS kunyanya: "Ini ndinoronga kuishandisa ini pachangu. Asi isu tinofanirwa kuziva kuti izvi hazvigoneke kune ruzhinji rwevashandisi, kune vatori venhau, vasiri nyanzvi. "
Dambudziko revatekinoroji nderekukudziridza hushamwari uye nyore nyore mushandisi-mainterface ayo anogona kudzidzwa nevanhuwo zvavo paunoenda. Snowden akakurudzira kuongorora iyo 'gamification' yeiyo yekudzidza curve yezvishandiso zvakadaro kuita kuti ruzivo rwekuwana kubata navo ruve nyore.
"Tinogona kupa vanhu hunyanzvi hwekutanga, kunzwisisa, nekuvadzidzisa sezvavanoenda - gamification yechimiro, chinodzidzisa vanhu sezvavanoishandisa, nenzira inonakidza, isingaremi, uye inonakidza. Ichi chinhu chatinofanira kushanda pachiri zvakanyanya. "
Snowden akakurudzirawo nyanzvi dzehunyanzvi "kukwikwidzana zvakananga nemabhiriyoni emadhora emakambani anofarira" seGoogle, Facebook neApple. Pane mukana, akadaro, wekuti bhizimusi rinotungamirwa nevagari rinogona "kubudirira zvakanyanya, kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvinoyevedza, zviri nyore kushandisa, asi zvisina njodzi kukodzero dzemunhu kuti asununguke uye kushamwaridzana mune yemahara uye. nzira yakachengeteka."
Radical shanduko
Edward Snowden akayambirawo kuti asafunge kuti kuyedza kupikisa kuongororwa kwenyika kuburikidza nekunyorera chete kungave mushonga, vachikurudzira kukosha kwekupokana nepakati pesimba pamusoro pehunyanzvi hweruzivo mumawoko ehurumende.
"Isu tinovimba nemakambani anoita purofiti seApple kudzivirira kodzero dzedu. Isu tinofanirwa kuvimba nemaprotocol uye masisitimu ari pasi pekutaurirana kwedu.
Isu tinofanirwa kuwana zvakanyanya hunyanzvi sehunyanzvi uye vatori venhauโฆ
Kwave kune kusaenzana kunoshamisa kwesimba munhoroondo yose. Ini handisi muKomonisiti, asi pane vanhu vaikakavadzana kuti tinofanira kutora nzira dzekugadzira. Tava kusvika padanho rekuda kubata nzira dzekutaura kwedu. โ
Nei?
"Tiri kuona kutonga kwakawandisa kwemasangano atinofanirwa kuvimba nawo, asi isu hativimbe," akadaro. "Panguva imwecheteyo, tiri kuona makambani achiwana mukana wehupenyu hwedu hwakavanzika, nenzira dzatisingafungire uye hatizive mashandisirwo ayo."
Zvakavanzika kana kuchengeteka?
Snowden akarasa pfungwa yekuti kuvanzika kana rusununguko rwakamira neimwe nzira kuchengetedzeka kwechokwadi.
โVanyori vezvematongerwo enyika vanopedzwa nekureruka kwekutya mukutumira mameseji. Kutaura kuti 'izvi zvichaponesa hupenyu' zvinonyengetedza muvhoti. Vanhu vanoda kuzvitendaโฆNgatitarisei chokwadi chaicho, pana 9/11. Isu takanga tine ongororo yeCongress - uye ivo vakawana kuti yanga isiri iyo iyo isu tisina kuunganidza zvakakwana. Dambudziko nderekuti tarisiro yedu yaive yakapararira, mapurogiramu mazhinji achiunganidza zvakawanda, hatina kugovana nemazvo, uye nekuda kwaizvozvo, vanhu zviuru zvitatu vakafa. Vezvematongerwo enyika nhasi vari kuti tinoda kuunganidza zvakawanda - asi vari kutiita kuti tisachengeteke, uye kuisa hupenyu munjodzi. "
Mabhomba eBoston marathon, akadaro, akapa muenzaniso wakajeka wekubhuroka kwekutarisa-kwe-security mantra - vapari vemhosva, kunyangwe vachishanda mumamiriro e "chirongwa chikuru chekukwevera munhoroondo yenyika yangu" chakaramba chisingaoneki.
โPakupera kwezuva, tinofanira kuita sarudzo. Tinoda kuva nzanga inodzorwa here? Kana kuti tinoda kugara mune yakasununguka? Nekuti hatikwanise kuva nazvo zvese.โ
Muboka neChishanu, Thomas Drake - aimbove mukuru weNSA uyo akafuridzira Snowden kuridza muridzo nekufumura kukanganisa kwechirongwa chekuongorora cheTrailblazer mass bhiriyoni yesangano - akarangarira kuti vakuru vake veNSA vakashora sei kutadza kwehungwaru kwa9/11. mukana wekuwedzera bhajeti resangano zvakanyanya.
"Handina kuzvitenda apo mutariri wangu akatsanangura 9/11 se'chipo kuNSA.'
Pfungwa yekuti kuongorora kwevazhinji kune tarisiro ipi neipi yekutichengetedza zvechokwadi haina chokwadi. Dambudziko rakakosha nekusimbirira kubvisa zvakavanzika muzita redziviriro isimba rayo rehudzvanyiriri munharaunda yedu yese.
โTinofanirwa kufunga kuti kodzero dzakadini? Vanobva kupi? Ndezvipi zvavanokoshesa? Chii chinonzi kuvanzika, chaizvo?" Snowden akaudza vateereri pagungano reCIJ.
โKuvanzika ikodzero inotorwa mamwe ese. Pasina kuvanzika kune nzanga chete, chete mubatanidzwa, izvo zvinoita kuti vese vave uye vafunge zvakafanana. Iwe haugone kuve nechinhu iwe pachako, haugone kuve nemafungiro ako, kunze kwekunge uine nzvimbo ine yako chete.
Kuita nharo kuti hauna basa nekuvanzika nekuti hauna chekuvanza kwakafanana nokutaura kuti hauna basa nerusununguko rwekutaura nekuti hauna chekutauraโฆโ
Kupokana kwezvematongerwo enyika
Kana kutariswa kwevanhu vakawanda kwaive kwekukanganisa hugandanga, vavariro dzavo dzaisazogara dziri vapikisi vezvematongerwo enyika, Snowden akapokana, achinongedzera kune yakakurumbira 'Ini ndine hope' kutaura naMartin Luther King Jr - akatsanangurwa naSnowden se "mutungamiri mukuru wekodzero dzevanhu munyika yangu. akamboona.โ
Mazuva maviri mushure mekutaura uku, Snowden akati, FBI yakaongorora Mambo se "kutyisidzira kukuru kuchengetedzeka kwenyika" panguva iyoyo.
Zvishoma zvachinja kubva ipapo.
Aimbove mukontrakta wehungwaru akataura kuti sangano reBritain rinoona nezvehungwaru, GCHQ, rakasora zvisiri pamutemo mapoka anorwira kodzero dzevanhu akaita seAmnesty International, vatori venhau, vezvenhau nemamwe maNGO, "vachishandisa masimba anopihwa pachena kuvhiringidza magandanga."
Achitaura nezvemagwaro epamusoro epachivande aakaburitsa, akataura kuti zvikonzero zvemukati zvekuchengeta zvirongwa zvakadaro zvakaiswa mumapoka zvaisareva nyaya dzekuchengetedzwa kwenyika. Panzvimbo pezvo, magwaro acho akati โkuashambadza kwaizotungamirira kuโgakava revoruzhinji rinokuvadzaโ nemhaka yokuti isu [voruzhinji] taizoshora mabasa aya.โ
Zvazvinoreva ndezvekuti nyika yekuchengetedza nyika inoona zvakakoshesesa zvehutongi hwejekerere - nhau yemahara zvechokwadi, gakava reruzhinji rine simba, kutarisa pamusoro pemitemo yehungwaru yakasarudzika - semuvengi.
Kudzingwa kwekukosha kwekodzero dzekuvanzika, Snowden akadaro, ibasa resimba risina kuenzana. Muridzi akakurudzira vateereri vake kuti vatarise kuti kudiwa kwekubvisa zvakavanzika kunobva sei kuvanhu vane simba โpanzvimbo yeropafadzoโฆ Kana uri murungu mukuru ari pamusoro pepiramidhi, nzanga inorairwa kuchengetedza zvaunofarira. Iwe wakagadzira system kuchengetedza zvaunofarira. "
Uku kusaenzana musimba, Snowden akadaro, zvinoreva kuti "ndivo vadiki ndivo vari panjodzi" kubva mukukanganisa kwekuongororwa kwevanhu vakawanda.
"Hazvina kukwana kufunga nezvezvinhu izvi, hazvina kukwana kutenda mune chimwe chinhu," akagumisa Snowden achiombera maoko. "Iwe unofanirwa kumiririra chimwe chinhu, unofanirwa kutaura chimwe chinhu, unofanirwa kuisa chimwe chinhu panjodzi, kana uchida kuti zvinhu zvive nani."
Dr Nafeez Ahmed mutori wenhau anoferefeta, munyori anotengesa zvakanyanya uye nyanzvi yezvekuchengetedzwa kwenyika. Aimbova munyori weGuardian, anonyora iyo 'System Shift' koramu yeVICE's Motherboard, uye munyori wevhiki nevhiki weMiddle East Eye.
Ndiye akahwina mubairo we2015 Project Censored Award for Outstanding Investigative Journalism yebasa rake reGuardian, uye akasarudzwa kaviri muMadekwana epamusoro chiuru ane mukurumbira pasi rose eLondoners, muna 1,000 na2014.
Nafeez akanyorawo uye akashuma kune The Independent, Sydney Morning Herald, The Age, The Scotsman, Foreign Policy, The Atlantic, Quartz, Prospect, New Statesman, Le Monde diplomatique, New Internationalist, The Ecologist, Alternet, Counterpunch, Truthout, pakati vamwe.
Ndiye Anoshanyira Tsvakurudzo Fellow paFaculty yeSainzi neTekinoroji paAnglia Ruskin University, kwaari kutsvaga hukama pakati pematambudziko epasi rose uye kusagadzikana kwevagari veSpringer Energy Briefs.
Nafeez ndiye munyori we Nhungamiro Yemushandisi kune Dambudziko reBudiriro: Uye Maitiro Ekurichengeta (2010), uye iyo scifi inonakidza novel ZERO POINT, pakati pemamwe mabhuku. Basa rake pamusoro pezvinokonzeresa uye mashandiro epachivande akabatana nehugandanga hwepasirese zvakabatsira zviri pamutemo ku9/11 Commission uye 7/7 Coroner's Inquest.
Nyaya iyi iri kuburitswa pachena mukuda kweruzhinji, uye yakagoneswa necrowdfunding. Ndinoda kutenda nharaunda yangu inoshamisa yevatsigiri nerutsigiro rwavo, izvo zvakandipa mukana wekugadzirisa nyaya iyi. Ndapota tsigira yakazvimirira, yekuferefeta nhau dzepasi rose kuburikidza nePatreon.com, kwaunogona kupa zvakawanda kana zvishoma sezvaunoda.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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