Zvinoshamisa kuona hondo yeRussia/Ukraine ichiitwa makwikwi ekufarisa, sekunge kuri kutariswa mutambo wenhabvu. Kune avo vari muchikamu chezvematongerwo enyika, kufara uku kwe "divi redu" hakushamisi kupihwa mafuta ekunyepa anoumba mazhinji emakambani enhau. Asi vazhinji vari Kuruboshwe vakatsiva cheerleading yekuongorora, kumativi ese.
Kune rimwe divi, isu tine nyika yemacapitalist inomirira maoligarchs akasarudzwa umo chechi inopindirana inozvibatanidza nemutongi ane masimba ane masimba anotarisira hurongwa hwemagariro evanhu hune hukadzi hwakadzama uye nechisimba homophobia (Russia). Kune rimwe divi, isu tine nyika yecapitalist inodzorwa nekuchinja kuchinjika kwe oligarchs umo hutsinye hune hutsinye hwakareba hwakabatana nemafungiro echifascist hunotsigirwa nemauto ekurudyi anopihwa mahara (Ukraine).
Nei tichifanira kutsigira chimwe cheizvi? Kutaura izvi hakusi kuramba hutsinye hwekupinda kwaVladimir Putin kuUkraine kana kuzviregerera, kana kuramba chokwadi chehudzvanyiriri hweUS uye nehukasha, kukanganisa kuwedzera kweNATO kwakakonzera kusawirirana kwakakonzera hondo. Asi vanhuwo zvavo vekuUkraine vari kubhadhara mutengo mukuru wehondo iyi - kana isu tichipokana nehondo, saka pamwe kuedza kwedu kunogona kunanga kuunza hondo kumagumo ekutaurirana. Mativi ese ari maviri achiri kutenda kuti anogona kukunda muchiuto, asi sezvo hondo iri kuramba ichikura mitsetse yepamberi, zvinoita sekunge nhaurirano ndiyo yega nzira yekupedza kurwa. Kubva pakuona kwerubatsiro, kupedza hutsinye hakusi kungoponesa hupenyu hweUkraine neRussia, zvakare kuchaponesa hupenyu kune imwe nzvimbo, zvichipihwa kuvharika pazviteshi zveUkraine Gungwa Dzvuku izvo zvakadzivirira kutengeswa kwezviyo.
Chibvumirano cheChikunguru 22 pakati peRussia, Ukraine, Turkey neUnited Nations kubvumira kutumirwa kwezviyo kuti kutangezve chaive chiratidzo chetariro, kunyangwe kubhomba kwechiteshi cheOdessa zuva rakatevera kunoratidza kuti kune matambudziko mazhinji ari kuuya uye kuti kushushikana kwevanhu hakusi pamberi. zvepfungwa dzechiuto.
Kunyatsotarisa nyika mbiri idzi dziri kurwisana kunogona kutipa chikonzero chakakwana chekusaita cheerleading. Russia inonyatso kurongeka senhare inofambira mberi nekuda kwekupokana kwayo nehutongi hwepasirese hweUS sevamwe vangada kuti titende? Ichokwadi here kuti Ukraine ibhekoni yedemocracy umo mapoka echifascist ari madiki zvekuti haana basa zvachose seizvo vamwe vangada kuti titende? Ngatitarisei.
Putin anomiririra kuenderera kweYeltsin
Kuti unzwisise kusimuka kweMutungamiriri Putin uye kuenderera mberi kwekubata simba, zvinodikanwa kupfupisa nhoroondo yeRussia yemashure-echikomunisti. Boris Yeltsin akakwanisa kuburitsa Mikhail Gorbachev mumakore ekupedzisira eSoviet Union, uye pakuparadzana, Yeltsin akange atove mutungamiri weRussia. Yeltsin pakarepo akaisa chirongwa che "shock therapy" - kusimudzwa kamwe kamwe kwemitengo yese uye kutonga kwemari uye kubviswa kwerubatsiro rwehurumende pamwe nekukurumidzira kukurumidzira hupfumi hwehupfumi nezvivakwa. Chinangwa chekukurumidza chechirongwa chakadaro ndechekuisa zvinhu zvese mumaoko emunhu kuitira kuti purofiti yakawanda sezvinobvira ibviswe, pamwe chete nezvinangwa zvakakura zvekuvharira kusikwa kwemamwe magariro anowirirana ehupfumi. Uku kungave kwakanyatso kuyedza pfungwa - "yakachena" capitalism. "Kuchena" nekuti ichi chingave capitalism pasina zvisungo.
Pakanga pasina chinhu chedemokrasi pane izvi. Zvirongwa zvekurapa kwekuvhunduka hazvina kuiswa pamberi peruzhinji kana paramende yeRussia; dzakaunzwa kuInternational Monetary Fund chete. Ruzhinji rwevanhu vekuRussia vaipikisa privatization yakazara, pachinzvimbo ichitsigira shanduko yemabhizinesi kuita macooperatives uye vimbiso yenyika yebasa rakazara. The shock therapy programme yekusunungurwa kwakazara kwemitengo (kunze kwesimba), kupera pamwe chete kwerubatsiro rwese rwezvinogadzirwa nevatengi uye indasitiri, uye kubvumira ruble kuti iyangamire inopesana nemari dzepasirese pane kuve neyakagadziriswa mwero wekuchinjana yaive njodzi. Kusunungurwa kwemitengo kwaireva kuti mutengo wezvinhu zvevatengi, kusanganisira chikafu, waizokwira zvakanyanya, uye kukosha kweRuble kwaizodzikira nekuti mutengo wakatarwa wawakapihwa nehurumende yeSoviet wainzi wakakwirisa nevatengesi vemari vekunze. Kusanganiswa uku kungareva instant hyper-inflation. Panguva imwecheteyo, maoligarchs akakurumidza kusimuka, kunyanya kubva kune-black-market network akabudirira panguva yehuori hweBrezhnev nguva, achitora kutonga kwemabhizimisi eRussia anobereka. Hurumende dzekuMadokero, dzichiita zvese zvadzaigona kuti dzive nekukatyamadza kurapwa, dzakatemesa Russia kuti ideredzwe kuva mutengesi wezviwanikwa kunze kwenyika sezvo kubuda kwemaindasitiri eRussia kwakadzikira zvakanyanya.
Hupfumi hweRussia hwakadonha zvakanyanya zvekuti Yeltsin aingokwanisa "kuhwina" sarudzo zvakare muna 1996 kuburikidza nekubiridzira kukuru, nekupa mibairo mikuru, mabhizinesi makuru ezviwanikwa akange asati aitwa, kune manomwe makuru oligarchs pasina chero chinhu mukutsinhana. tsigiro yavo yezvemari neyenhau. Muuyo wamakore okutanga oucapitalism wakanga uri wokuti upfumi hweRussia hwakabatwa ne45 muzana inoshamisa pakasvika 1998 sezvo urombo noutsotsi hwakawedzera. Yeltsin akagadza Vladimir Putin semutungamiri wake wekupedzisira, ndokumugadza mutevedzeri wake semutungamiri wenyika achichinjana neruregerero rwegumbeze kwaari nemhuri yake. Kukwira kwemitengo yemafuta negasi kwakabatsira hupfumi hweRussia kusimba panguva yekutanga yaPutin setemu semutungamiri. Kunyange zvakadaro, aidzikisa mitero kuvapfumi uku achideredza mibairo yevanodya penjeni. Uori hwakapararira kwazvo zvokuti, mumakore okutanga aPutin ari purezidhendi, mari yakashandiswa pazviokomuhomwe yakapfuura mari inobhadharwa kuhurumende yeRussia.
Icho chinhu chakajairika kutaura kuti iye chibereko cheKGB anotarisira hudzvinyiriri hwemunhu hunomiririra kuzorora kwakapinza kubva pakutonga kwaYeltsin. Hazvina kudaro. Ongororo yakanakisa yePutin rรฉgime inowanikwa mubhuku raTony Wood Russia Pasina Putin. Munyori anoratidza zvakanaka kuti nguva yaPutin iri muchikamu chikuru kuenderera kweYeltsin nguva, kuti huori huripo pakati pevakuru veRussia uye kuti Putin ari pamusoro pehurongwa hwakamutangira. Iyo kleptocratic, autocratic siyana yeRussia capitalism yakasimbiswa kwazvo Putin asati akwira kusimba. Putin akaumbwa muhuori hukuru hweiyo post-communist 1990s uye Yeltsin rรฉgime. Akaunzwa muhurumende yeguta reSt. Petersburg muna 1990 uye akava mushandi muhurumende yenyika yeYeltsin pakati pemakore ekuma1990. Kuvimbika kuvakuru uye kuna Yeltsin kwakagonesa kusimuka kwake nekukurumidza. Pakave nekufamba zvishoma nezvishoma kwehurumende yaPutin kubva pakutsvaga kushandira pamwe nenyika dzekuMadokero kuenda kuhupikisi hwakasimba, shanduko yakasimbiswa nekupidigura hurumende yeUkraine muna 2014 uye neUS kutora nemaoko mutungamiriri mutsva weKyiv. Ruvengo rusingaregi kubva kuUS kunyangwe kubatwa kweRussia, uye kuwedzera kweNATO sezvo US yakadzvanya simba rayo pamusoro pekushaya simba kweRussia, yakaita basa rakakura mukushanduka uku.
Va Wood vanopa iyi pfupiso yekutonga kwaPutin:
โHutongi hwekutanga hwaPutin, kubva muna 2000 kusvika 2004, pamwe hwaive hwakanyanya kusimba neoliberal, vachiunza nhevedzano yezviyero zvakagadzirirwa kuwedzera kusvika kune yakazvimirira capital: muna 2001, mutero wemari wakadzika wakaiswa pagumi nematatu muzana; muna 13, mutemo wevashandi unoderedza kodzero dzevashandi; kuderedzwa kwemitero kumabhizinesi muna 2002 na 2002. Mafambiro aya akaombererwa zvikuru kuMadokero panguva iyoyo: bapiro rekurudyi Heritage Foundation yakarumbidza 'chishamiso chemutero weRussia', uku Thomas Friedman akagutsurira pamusoro pekumbundira kweRussia 'chinhu ichi che capitalist', achikurudzira. vaverengi veNew York Times kuti 'vachengete midzi' yaPutin'. Hutungamiri hwake hwechipiri, zvakare, hwakaratidzwa nedanho rekuwedzera basa rebazi rakazvimirira mudzidzo, hutano nedzimba, uye nekushandurwa kwemamwe mabhenefiti emagariro ekubhadhara mari - 'kuita mari' kwakakonzera kuratidzira kwakakurumbira munguva yechando. 2003-2004, asi iyo yakafambiswa nenzira yakagadziridzwa zvakafanana. "
Reactionary social policy yakavakirwa mumisogyny uye homophobia
Haisi kufambira mberi zvakanyanya, ndizvo here? Kana iyo Putin hutongi mune zvemagariro. Heino chidimbu kubva muHuman Rights Campaign press release yakabudiswa mushure mutemo unorwisa LGBT wakadzikwa:
โGore rapera, mutemo unorambidza โmashoko anoparadzirwa evatano isiri yechinyakareโ wakadzikwa neFederal Assembly yeRussia ukasainwa kuva mutemo neMutungamiriri Vladimir Putin. Mukunyepedzera kudzivirira vana kubva ku'nhema dzechingochani,' mutemo unoisa faindi kana nguva yejeri kune vagari vanoparadzira ruzivo rwunogona kukonzera 'kukanganisa kunzwisisa' kuti LGBT uye hukama hweungochani 'zvakafanana mumagariro.' Mafaindi acho akakwira zvakanyanya kana ruzivo rwakadaro ruchiparadzirwa kuburikidza nenhepfenyuro kana Internet."
Chinyorwa mujenari redzidzo rakatariswa nevezera Slavic Ongororo, rakanyorwa nenyanzvi yezvemagariro evanhu Richard CM Mole, rinopa zvimwe ruzivo pamusoro pemutemo waPutin we-anti-LGBT:
"Kuitwa kwezvematongerwo enyika kwehomophobia mushure meSoviet Russia kwakasvika pakakwirira mumutemo we "gay propaganda" muna 2013, pasi pemitemo yekuti vanhu nemasangano vanogona kubhadhariswa faindi yekuparadzira ruzivo nezve "zvisiri zvechinyakare zvepabonde" kune vadiki, vachikurudzira 'kuenzana mumagariro ehukama hwechinyakare uye husiri hwechinyakare' kana 'kuratidzwa kwevanhu vanongochani semienzaniso, kusanganisira kutaura nezvechero ngochani dzine mukurumbira.' "
Zvinonzwika seizvo zvinosimudzirwa nevaKristu vane bapiro rekurudyi muUnited States, handizvo here? Kana isu, nemazvo, tichipikisa zvakasimba ruvengo rwakadaro kuMadokero, hatifaniri here kupikisa nesimba kune imwe nzvimbo? Zvakanangana nezviri kuitika izvi, Russian Orthodox yave zvakare chitendero chepamutemo chehurumende - mune echo yekutonga kwetsarist, mutongi nekereke vari kusimbisana. Chechi yeOrthodox yokuRussia yakanyanyisa muruvengo rwayo zvokuti mukuru mukuru wayo akaienzanisa kuroorana kwengochani ne "Nazism" uyewo โchimiro cheโSoviet Unionismโ chinotyisidzira[vanhu].โ Akadaidzawo mutemo waVladimir Putin "chishamiso" apo Putin anopa chechi "Rutsigiro rwakakura rwehupfumi kubva kuhurumende-akabatana nemasimba makuru." Chechi zvakare inovenga vakadzi zvakanyanya, nekereke mitemo inopikisana nemhirizhonga yemudzimba nokuti mirangariro yakadaro โinobva kunze kwenyikaโ uye vakuru vechechi vanoti vakadzi vane njere shoma kupfuura varume.
Putin zvakare ari mukuvhara nechechi kana zvasvika kune vakadzi. Akasaina kuita mutemo chiyero chinorambidza mhirizhonga mudzimba - munyika umo inofungidzirwa Vakadzi 14,000 XNUMX pagore vanofa kubva mukukuvara kunoitwa nevarume kana vadiwa. Russia inewo imwe yenyika mapeji makuru emubhadharo pakati pevarume nevakadzi, uye mabasa mazhinji akavharirwa kuvakadzi.
Ideologist yekurudyi inopa Putin maonero ake enyika
Kunyangwe Russia iri kuwedzera kuenderana neChina, mubatanidzwa uyu ungangove wakadzika midzi mupragmatism pane chero chirongwa chekuvaka hupfumi chakagovaniswa. China yakapa tsigiro yekurwisa kweRussia kuUkraine, asi inoratidzika kunge isina kupa rubatsiro rwezvinhu. Chero zvazvingaitika, Moscow ichava mubatsiri wejunior mune chero chibvumirano chepamutemo neBeijing. Ndivanaani vanobatana naPutin pasirese? Donald Trump, Jair Bolsonaro wekuBrazil, Marine Le Pen weFrance uye National Rally yake, Matteo Salvini weItaly uye League yake yekurudyi, Viktor Orbรกn weHungary nebato rake reFidesz rekuita, naNigel Farage, aimbova mutungamiri weBritain akadanwa zvisina musoro kuti United Kingdom Independence Party. Panogona kunge paine pateni pano?
Tichifunga zvese izvi, pamwe nekutaura kwaPutin zvisina chokwadi kuti Ukraine chivakwa chekugadzira, zvinogona kusiya mucherechedzi anonzwisisa asingavhunduke zvekuti munhu anofungidzirwa kuti ndiye mukuru wepfungwa dzaPutin ndiAleksandr Dugin. Ndiani munhu uyu anogara achitsanangurwa se "uropi hwaPutin"? "Alexander Dugin anogona kunge ari, mushure meSteve Bannon, mufashisti ane simba kwazvo pasi rose nhasi," anonyora kudaro Dan Glazebrook, mutori wenhau uye muratidziri anonyora kakawanda nezve fascism. "Nhepfenyuro yake yeTV inosvika kuvanhu vanopfuura mamirioni makumi maviri, uye akawanda enyanzvi dzepfungwa, mapepanhau uye mawebhusaiti anofambiswa naiye nevashandi vake anozove nekumwe kusvika."
Mr. Glazebrook vakanyora nyaya inonakidza zvikuru pamusoro peDugin mune zvino inochema yakaregererwa CounterPunch dhinda magazini (Bhuku 25, Nha. 6) Zano raDugin riri kushandisa Kuruboshwe-inonzwika mitsara senzira yekubatanidza Kuruboshwe, yakasarudzika zano rekurudyi. (Izvi zvine maungira evanodaidzwa kuti "9/11 chokwadi" kurudyi vari kuyedza kushandisa nyaya senzira vachipinda muLeft; nzira iyo, zvinosuruvarisa, vakawanda vanokundikana kuicherechedza.) Zvakakosha kutaura zvakawanda kubva munyaya yaVaGlazebrook kuitira kuti tiwane pfungwa yakazara yeDugin strategy. Anonyora nezveDugin:
"Zano rake ndere "red-brown alliance" - kuyedza kubatanidza kure kuruboshwe uye kure-kurudyi pasi pehutungamiriri hwehegemonic hwekupedzisira. Pamberi pazvo, zvizhinji zvepurogiramu yake pakutanga zvingaita sezvisinganyanyi kukwezva kune veruboshwe - kushora hukuru hweUS; rutsigiro rwenyika ye'multipolar'; uye kunyangwe ruremekedzo rwuri pachena kune nzanga dzisiri dzekumadokero uye dzisati dzatanga ukoloni netsika. Muchokwadi, zvinzvimbo zvakadaro - zvinodikanwa sezvazvingave zvechirongwa chechokwadi chekusiya - hazvina kushata kana kunaka mukati mavo; asi, inzira, midziyo yekusikwa kwenyika itsva. Uye nyika iyo Dugin inoshuvira kugadzira ndeimwe yemarudzi-akachena ethno-states, anotongwa neEuro-Russian chena simba aristocracy (iyo 'Moscow-Berlin axis') umo Asia inoiswa pasi peRussia kuburikidza neChina yakagurwa. Ichi hachisi chirongwa che anti-imperialist. Icho chirongwa cheiyo inter-imperialist dambudziko rekutonga kweEurope neAsia: kune yakagadziridzwa yechitatu Reich."
Uye chii chinoparidzirwa naDugin? "Chinyorwa chake chekutanga, Elementy, yakatangwa muna 1993, yakarumbidza vaNazi nevaConservative Revolutionaries vakavatangira, uye yakabudisa shanduro dzokutanga dzechiRussia dzeesoteric interwar fascist Julius Evola.โ Basa raDugin, VaGlazebrook vanonyora, rinowanzo kudhindwa pawebhusaiti yeUS white supremacist. Izvo hazvisi kukanganisa, sezvo Dugin "ane hukama hwepedyo neAmerican kure kurudyi - ane hukama kune aimbova mutungamiri weKKK David Duke; mumwe wevadzidzi vake, Nina Kouprianova, akaroora kutungamirira US fascist Richard Spencer; iye naAlex Jones vachiratidzira pazviratidziro zveTV zvemumwe nemumwe. Asi, zvinosuruvarisa, Dugin akambokokwa negurukota rehurumende yeSyriza muGreece kuzopa hurukuro.
"Maonero aDugin anoenderana nekubatanidzwa kwe" ethnopluralism" uye zvaanotaura zvisina musoro Neo-Eurasianism," Mr. Glazebrook vanonyora. โPfungwa dzose dziri mbiri dzinobatsira mukuvaka kwemubatanidzwa unotungamirwa nevechifascist 'utsvuku-tsvuku', sezvo zvese zvine zvinhu zvinoyevedza kuruboshwe ukuwo zvichipa fungidziro yekupondwa kwedzinza nehondo yeumambo." Nepo tichitaura nepamusoro-soro kuti nyika dzakasiyana-siyana ndedzevanhu vanobva ikoko, chinobudapo ndechekuti vasiri vekuEurope vanofanira kubviswa muEurope. Uyu mutongi wevachena uye anopokana nevaSemitic, akaratidzirwa apo Dugin anoshora chaanodaidza kuti "vaJudha vanopandukira, vanoparadza vasina rudzi." Iyo Dugin purojekiti "chaizvoizvo kudzoreredzwa kwenzvimbo dzeTatu Reich (kusanganisira zvikamu zveRussia zvisina kumbokunda) pasi pekudzidziswa kweGerman-Russian. ...
Chinyorwa chaVaGlazebrook chinogumisa kuti โDuginism musanganiswa wekare wechiFascist we'anti-elite' rhetoric, zvinoda kucheneswa kwedzinza, uye hurongwa hwematongerwo enyika dzekunze, zvese zvakapfekwa mukukwezva kwezvematongerwo enyika kumutsauko wetsika uye kurwisa-kumadokero tubthumping. Njodzi yaro chaiyo inobva mukudzika kwayakaita kuita anti-imperialist uye matenderedzwa ekuruboshwe. "
Mhedzisiro yekureva kuti Ukraine haipo
Chinyorwa chichangobva kupfupikiswa hachitauri nezvaPutin. Asi vazhinji vevanyori vakaita hukama pakati pemutungamiri weRussia naDugin. Kunyora mu Kurume/Kubvumbi 2015 chinyorwa che Zvepasi Pose, Andrey Tolstoy naEdmund McCaffray vanonyora kuti, โDugin ndiye akangwara ane musana waVladimir Putin mukurwisana kuri kuitika pakati peRussia nenyika dzekuMadokero. Kumba, Putin anomushandisa kugadzira bhuroka rekuvhota rinorwira nyika. Uye kwete chete mutungamiriri weRussia: "Dugin akabatanidzwawo mune zvematongerwo enyika evakuru veRussia, achishanda sechipangamazano kuna sachigaro weDuma uye akakosha Putin ally Sergei Naryshkin. Mudzidzi wake Ivan Demidove anoshanda paIdeology Directorate yePutin's United Russia bato, ukuwo Mikhail Leontiev, anonzi mutori wenhau anodiwa naPutin, inhengo yekutanga yeDugin's Eurasia Party. Dugin aimbova purofesa wezvemagariro evanhu paMoscow State University, akatanga Centre for Conservative Studies uye hurukuro pazvikoro zvemapurisa, zvikoro zvemauto uye mamwe masangano ekuchengetedza mutemo.
Dugin, muna 2016, akarumbidza kusarudzwa kwaTrump semutungamiri weAmerica. Olivia Goldhill, kunyora mukati Goldstone, akati "Mazano aDugin anoyeuchidza nezvekufamba-famba muUS, uye zvechokwadi pane hukama pakati pezviviri izvi. โฆ Muzivi wekuRussia akaburitsa zvinyorwa pawebhusaiti yaSpencer, Alternative Right, inoshuma Business Insider, uye akarekodha hurukuro ine musoro unoti 'KuShamwari yangu yekuAmerica muKurwisana Kwedu Kwedu,' kumusangano wevatsigiri venyika muna 2015. โฆ Dugin akacherechedzawo mumwe mubatsiri munaDonald Trump, achimuona semupikisi anokunda kune vakasununguka vepasi rose. Mushure mekunge Trump asarudzwa, Dugin akaudza Wall Street Journal akafara nemugumisiro wacho. 'Kwatiri mufaro, mufaro,' akadaro. 'Unofanira kunzwisisa kuti tinoona Trump seAmerican Putin.' โ
Dzimwe shamwari dzaDugin dzinosanganisira bato reGreek fascist Golden Dawn. Bato rine mufananidzo we Dugin akamira nenhengo yeGolden Dawn uyo akanga ariwo mutezo weboka rinorwisana navaSemite iro โrairumbidza makamuri egasi eAuschwitz.โ
Ideology yaDugin dzimwe nguva inozivikanwa se "Traditionalist." Asi zvisinei nekuti izwi ripi ringashandiswa kupfungwa dzake dzekurudyi, zvinoita sekunge kusahadzika kuti ane simba rakasimba panaPutin. Akabvunzurudzwa mu Jacobin, Benjamin Teitelbaum, purofesa weInternational Affairs akanyora mabasa ari kurudyi, akati:
"[Ini] ndaiita sezviri pachena kuti Putin aiteerera Dugin achitaura, nokuti apo Putin akabuda mushure mokunge aidzokorora uye achidzidza kubva kuDugin, achitoita kuti amudzidzise maitiro ehondo uye basa reRussia munyika. Asi pane zvese izvi, haana kunyanya kuve nebasa rakakosha rehurumende muhurumende yeRussia. Ndizvo zvinomuita kuti aomese hunhu hwake. ... Ndiyo ndima yeDugin.Iri mune zvakadzama mesiya uye eschatological freming yehondo iyi iwe unogona kuona pesvedzero yaDugin.
Kushandisa kwake izwi rekuti "Novorossiya" (New Russia) kumatunhu ekuMabvazuva kweUkraine, ane yakatorwa naPutin. Mazuva matatu kusati kwapinda muUkraine, Putin akasimbisa izvozvo Ukraine ingano. Iye akati, "Yemazuva ano Ukraine yakagadzirwa zvachose neRussia, kunyanya, Bolshevik, communist Russia. Izvi zvakatanga mushure mekuchinja kwegore ra1917. โฆNekuda kwemutemo weBolshevik, Soviet Ukraine yakamuka, iyo nanhasi inogona kunzi 'Vladimir Ilyich Lenin's Ukraine.' Ndiye munyori uye mugadziri wayo. " Pakutanga, muna Zvita 2019, Putin akati, "Pakagadzirwa Soviet Union, matunhu eRussia aive asina kana chekuita neUkraine akaendeswa kuUkraine," achireva kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweUkraine, kusanganisira dunhu rose reBlack Sea. Asi, maererano a London Chikoro cheEconomics blog post zvine chokuita nokuverengwa kwevanhu veSoviet muna 1926, madzinza okuUkraine โaipfuura nokure madzinza eRussiaโ kumabvazuva kweUkraine, kusanganisira nharaunda dzanhasi dzaikwikwidzwa, panguva iyoyo. Miganho yemukati meSoviet republic yaiwanzo kukweverwa zvakanyanya maererano nevagari vemo; miganhu yakaoma zvikuru yeyaimbova Soviet Central Asian republics inoramba iri kuratidzwa kwakanaka.
Kutaura kwaPutin, kuzorora pane anti-communism zvishoma, hazvina hwaro muchokwadi. Ukraine yemazuva ano ndiko kwakagara vanhu vechiSlavic muzana remakore rechishanu CE; kubva ipapo madzinza echiSlavic akawedzera nzvimbo dzawo, kusanganisira madzinza aizopedzisira ava rudzi rweRussia. Nyika yakatarisana neKyiv yakavambwa mukupera kwezana ramakore rechipfumbamwe, uye zita rekuti "Ukraine" rakashandiswa kwemazana emakore. Ichokwadi kuti kwemazana matanhatu emakore pakanga pasina Ukraine yakazvimiririra - yakakundwa nehumambo hwakawanda uye kazhinji yakakamurwa - asi Poland yakabviswa zvakafanana kubva pamepu kweanopfuura mazana maviri emakore uye Slovakia yakapedza chiuru chemakore pasi pejoko reHungary. Pane anoramba kuvepo kwevanhu vePolish neSlovak? Chirevo chaPutin is ahistorical nonsense.
Kurwiswa kweUkraine kune vashoma vayo veRussia
Zvino ngatitarisei kuUkraine. Nyika yakasangana nekudonha uye hutongi hwe oligarch hwakafanana neRussia. Pakupedzisira, muUkraine hupfumi hwakaderera nezvikamu makumi matanhatu kubva muzana mumakore mashanu ekutanga kuzvitonga, uye haana kutangazve kukura kusvika 2000, imwe yemitambo yakaipisisa yeaimbova Soviet republic pasi pecapitalism. Pakazosvika 2013, Ukraine hupfumi hwaive hudiki ne20 muzana kupfuura zvazvaiva muna 1990. Muna 2014, nehupfumi huchiri kuoma, International Monetary Fund yakakurudzira kuwedzera kwekuvhunduka kuUkraine. Iyo IMF chirongwa chaida kuti Ukraine imise hutsinye hwakanyanya, nenzira yakajairika. Vachitambira chibvumirano cheIMF, Mutungamiriri wenyika, VaArseniy Yatsenyuk, vakati hupfumi hwacho huchaita kuti inflation ikwire kusvika pazvikamu gumi nezvina kubva muzana gore iroro uyezve kuderera kwehupfumi nezvikamu zvitatu kubva muzana.
Pakutanga gore iro, mumiriri weUS, Victoria Nuland, akaisa Yatsenyuk semutungamiriri wehurumende, zvine mukurumbira akabatwa patepi achiti "Yats ndiye mukomana" uye achipa kudzingwa kunonyadzisira kwechero zvingangove zvinonetsa muEuropean Union. Yatsenyuk aive nemukurumbira se "rabidly anti-Russian,โ iyo yakanyatsobuda pachena muchisarudzo cheUnited States. Chokwadi iyoyo yakanga isiri iyo chete nguva yekupindira kweUS.
Ukraine, pasinei nehukama hwepedyo hwekare pakati peRussia neUkraine, yakava nyika yakakamukana mumakore mushure mekusununguka. Kurwa mumapurovhinzi eDonbas eDonetsk neLuhansk kwakaenderera mberi kubva muna 2014. Zvibvumirano zveMinsk zvaifanira kuva mhinduro. Pasi pezvibvumirano izvi, mapurovhinzi eDonbas aifanira kunge akapihwa matanho ekuzvitonga ane kodzero dzakakwana dzemutauro wechiRussian. Hurumende yeUkraine, yakakurudzirwa nemhirizhonga yenyika, yakanga yarambidza zvakasimba kushandiswa kweruzhinji mutauro wechiRussia, zvichiita kuti Ukrainian ive mutauro wepamutemo chete. Zvibvumirano zveMinsk zvingadai zvakachengetawo Ukraine isina kwayakarerekera. Tichifunga nezvekukamura kwakadzama kwenyika, kuve nekutengeserana kwezvese EU neRussia, uye kubvumira chiRussia semutauro wepamutemo kupihwa mamirioni anoutaura, zvingave mukufarira kwenyika.
Nehurombo, verudzi, uye kunyanya kurudyi, vaive nemafungiro akasiyana. Kupesana neavo vari kupa divi rimwe chete pro-Ukrainian maonero, kure kurudyi chinhu chakakosha mune zvematongerwo enyika zveUkraine, zvisinei nehukuru hudiki hwekuvapo kwavo muparamende.
Kuramba kweUkraine kuita zvibvumirano zveMinsk
Sezvatakaita pamusoro nebasa raDan Glazebrook, chinyorwa pamusoro peUkraine, "Kugomba rakadzika dzikaโ mumagazini yaNdira-Kubvumbi 2022 ya Ongororo Yatsva Yokudzoka, zvakakodzera kudzidza kwenguva refu. Chinyorwa ichi bvunzurudzo naVolodymyr Ishchenko, nyanzvi yezvemagariro evanhu vekuUkraine zvino ari muBerlin. Vakanyanyisa nyika uye vekurudyi vakatora mukana we "Euromaidan" 2014 coup iyo yakapidigura hutongi hwaViktor Yanukovych, asi kwete ivo chete. Maererano naDr. Ishchenko, Euromaidan ya2014, kufanana nekuchinja kweโruvaraโ kwekare mune yaichimbova Soviet republic, yakabatwa neโvamiriririโ vakapinda mumhirizhonga asi โvakanga vari kure zvikuru nokumiririraโ vanhuwo zvavo vokuUkraine. Iwo mana makuru maajenti akawedzera kusimba mushure meEuromaidan aive mapato anopikisa oligarchic, akaumbwa akatenderedza "murume mukuru" uye hukama hwevatengi-vatengi; MaNGO anopihwa mari nenyika dzekuMadokero; kurudyi, vachironga kuva mauto uye vachitsigira urudzi hwakanyanya vachitora mukana wehurumende iri kupera simba; uye "Washington-Brussels."
"Maoligarchs anokwikwidza akashandisa hurudzi kuti vavhare kusavapo kweshanduko 'yekuchinja' mushure meEuromaidan, nepo avo vari mumasangano ezvematongerwo enyika-neoliberal vaisimudzira hurongwa hwavo husingafarirwe nekuda kwekuwedzera simba kurwisa nyika isina simba," Dr. Ishchenko akadaro. Avo vakawana simba repamusoro vaipokana neMinsk Accords. "Zvibvumirano zveMinsk zvakatsanangura kupera kwemoto, kucherechedzwa kweUkraine kwesarudzo dzemuno munzvimbo dzinodzorwa nevanoparadzana, kuendesa kutonga pamusoro pemuganho kuhurumende yeUkraine, uye rusununguko rwakasarudzika rweDonbas mukati meUkraine, kusanganisira mukana wekuisa masangano akaparadzana. masimba. ... Mafungiro ezvibvumirano zveMinsk zvaida kucherechedzwa kwekusiyana kwezvematongerwo enyika muUkraine, kupfuura miganhu yezvaigamuchirwa mushure meEuromaidan."
Mapoka ezvematongerwo enyika akawanda anga achizivikanwa Euromaidan isati yaitwa chiseko che "pro-Russia," zvichikonzera kushungurudzwa kwepamhepo uye mumuviri. Kuruboshwe kuronga kwaifanira kuitwa muchivande nekuda kwekuramba kusingatariswe kutyisidzira kubva kurudyi. Kunyangwe iyo yekurudyi yaingova nechikamu chidiki chehurumende dzepashure-Euromaidan, hurongwa hwavo hwepamusoro-soro hwakava mutemo wehurumende. Petro Poroshenko, akasarudzwa mushure mokunge Yanukovych atiza Kyiv, akazove asingadiwi nevakawanda. Somugumisiro, Volodymyr Zelensky akasarudzwa mukuparara (muchikamu chevimbiso yake yekushandisa Minsk), asi akanga asina dziva revanhu shure kwake kuti azadze hurumende yake.
Poroshenko akatanga kupikisa Zvibvumirano zveMinsk zvisinei nevimbiso yake yemushandirapamwe yekuzvishandisa. Maererano naDr. Ishchenko:
"Kunyangwe pakupedzisira zvakazoratidzika kunge ndiPutin akagumisa Zvibvumirano zveMinsk nekucherechedza rusununguko rweDonetsk neLuhansk People's Republics muna Kukadzi 2022, pakave nekutaura kwakawanda kubva kuvakuru vepamusoro vekuUkraine, vezvematongerwo enyika vane mukurumbira uye avo vane hunyanzvi. veruzhinji 'vachitaura kuti kuita Minsk kungave njodzi kuUkraine, kuti nzanga yeUkraine haingambogamuchire 'capitulation', zvaizoreva hondo yevagari vemo. Chimwe chinhu chakakosha ikodzero iri kure, iyo yaityisidzira hurumende nemhirizhonga kana ikaedza kuzadzikisa zvibvumirano. Muna 2015, apo paramende yakavhota pamusoro pehutano hunokosha hweDonetsk neLuhansk, sezvinodiwa neMinsk, Svoboda Party activist akakanda grenade mumutsara wemapurisa, achiuraya mapurisa mana uye kukuvadza, ndinofunga, anenge zana. Vairatidza kuti vakanga vakagadzirira kushandisa chisimba.โ
Mushure mekusarudzwa kwake, Zelensky akaratidza kuti akanga asina kusimba kudzora mauto ekurudyi, akanga aramba achirwa mumatunhu eDonbas.
"Panguva imwe cheteyo, Azov nemamwe mapoka ari kure-kurudyi vakanga vasingateereri mirairo yaZelensky, vachikanganisa kubviswa kwemauto eUkraine uye ekuparadzanisa muDonbas. Zelensky aifanira kuenda kune mumwe musha muDonbas ndokutaura navo zvakananga, kunyange zvazvo ari Mutungamiriri Mukuru. Vanhu 'vane mwero' vanopesana nekubata vanhu vanogona kushandisa kuratidzira kwekodzero yakaoma kutaura kuti kuitwa kweMinsk Accords kunoreva hondo yevagari vemo nekuti maUkraine haagamuchire "capitulation" iyi, uye saka paizove nemhirizhonga 'yakasikwa'. ."
Kubva 2014 kusvika kurwisa kweRussia muna Kukadzi 2022, inofungidzirwa 14,000 vanhu vakaurayiwa muDonbas vachirwa uye kutsauka kunodavirwa kuva kunoverengerwa mumamiriyoni.
Kushaya simba kwehurumende yeUkraine uye kusimba kwemapoka ekurwisana kwefascist, hakusununguri Russia pamutoro, Dr. Ishchenko anopedzisa:
Pave paine โkusakwanisa kweboka rinotonga repashure peSoviet uye kunyanya vokuRussia kutungamira, kwete kungotonga, mapoka nemarudzi. Putin, sevamwe vatungamiri ve-post-Soviet Caesarist, akatonga kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwekudzvinyirirwa, kuenzanisa uye kubvumirana kusingabvumirwi kwakatenderwa nerondedzero yekudzorera kugadzikana mushure mekuparara kweSoviet mu1990s. Asi haana kupa chero chirongwa chinoyevedza chekusimudzira. Kupinda kweRussia kunofanirwa kuongororwa chaizvo mumamiriro ezvinhu aya: kushaya simba rakapfava rekukwezva, boka rinotonga reRussia rakazofunga kuvimba nesimba rakaoma rechisimba, kutanga kubva pakumanikidza diplomacy mukutanga kwa2021, vobva vasiya diplomacy yekumanikidza mauto mukati. 2022."
Kugamuchirwa nehurumende dzeUkraine kwezvido zvefascist
Zvingave zvisina kunaka kuratidza Ukraine senyika yemafashisti. Kunyange zvakadaro, iyo fascists yakawana kutonga mukati menyika ingangodaro yakaderedzwa naDr. Ishchenko pasinei netsanangudzo yake yakanyatsoziva. Ivo vanonyatso kuderedzwa neavo vanodzivirira neupofu zvinhu zvese zveUkraine. Chinyorwa chaFebruary 2019 mukati The Nation inopa mufananidzo wakashata wevaFascist vachimhanya vasina kuvharwa. Yakanyorwa naLev Golinkin, chinyorwa, "Neo-Nazis uye Kure Kurudyi Vari PaKurume muUkraine,โ haadhonzeri zvibhakera. VaGolinkin, rakabudiswa zvakanyanya pamusoro pemisoro yeRussia neUkraine, vanotaura zvakajeka kuti, โKune mhirizhonga dzeNazi dzeNeo-Nazi kurwisa vaRoma, kurwiswa kwatekeshera kwevanorwira kodzero dzevanhukadzi nemapoka eLGBT, kurambidzwa kwemabhuku, uye kurumbidza kunoitwa nehurumende kwevabatsiri veNazi.โ
Iyo fascist Azov Battalion, iyo yakapetwa muuto reUkraine, ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa yezviumbwa izvi asi haisi yega, VaGolinkin vakanyora.
"Battalion yeAzov yakatanga kuumbwa kubva muboka reNeo-Nazi Patriot yeUkraine. Andriy Biletsky, mutungamiri wechikwata akazova mutungamiriri weAzov, akambonyora kuti chinangwa cheUkraine ndecheku 'kutungamira White Races yenyika muhondo yekupedzisira ... vachipesana neUntermenschen inotungamirirwa nemaSemite.' Biletsky ava mutevedzeri muparamende yeUkraine. Mukupera kwegore ra2014, Azov, uyo ari kupomerwa mhosva yekutyora kodzero dzevanhu, kusanganisira kushungurudzwa, neHuman Rights Watch neUnited Nations, akabatanidzwa muUkraine National Guard. โฆ Muna Ndira 2018, Azov yakavhura chikamu chayo cheNational Druzhina patrol mumigwagwa ine nhengo dzakapika kutendeka kuna Biletsky ndokuvimbisa 'kudzorera kurongeka kweUkraine' mumigwagwa. Iyo Druzhina yakakurumidza kuzvisiyanisa nekuita pogroms kurwisa maRoma uye LGBT masangano uye nechisimba kanzuru yekanzuru."
Vatungamiri vechiuto vakapihwawo zvinzvimbo zvepamusoro mubazi rezvekuchengetedzwa kwenyika. "Mutevedzeri wegurukota rezvemukati menyika-anodzora Mapurisa eNyika-ndiVadim Troyan, murwi weAzov uye Patriot weUkraine," VaGolinkin vakanyora. Pesvedzero yekurudyi yakatambanukira kunze kwevashandi, uye kusvika pakunyorwazve kwenhoroondo. "Muna 2015, paramende yeUkraine yakadzika mutemo wekuita mauto maviri eWWII - Sangano reUkraine Nationalists (OUN) neUkraine Insurgent Army (UPA) - magamba eUkraine, uye vakazviita mhosva yekuramba hugamba hwavo. OUN yakanga yabatira pamwe nevaNazi ndokubatanidzwa muKuparadza Kukuru, nepo UPA yakauraya zviuru zvavaJudha navaPole 70,000-100,000 nokuzvidira kwavo vamene.โ
Mushumo uri pamusoro unotyisa here? Neimwe nzira kuwedzeredza? Heano maviri eUS-centric masosi anopendawo mufananidzo unokangaidza. Chikwata chemasangano mana anorwira kodzero dzevanhu anoti Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, Front Line Defenders neFreedom House - vakaburitsa chisungo chakabatana, "Ukraine: Ongorora, Ranga Mhosva dzeRuvengo,โ inoshora mhosva dzeruvengo dzisingadzorwi muUkraine. Chirevo chinoti:
"Kubva kutanga kwa2018, nhengo dzemapoka akajeka akadai seC14, Right Sector, Traditsii i Poryadok (Tsika uye Kurongeka), Karpatska Sich nevamwe vakaita zvingangoita gumi nemaviri kurwiswa, kutyisidzira, kana zviitiko zvekutyisidzira muKyiv, Vinnitsa, Uzhgorod, Lviv, Chernivtsi, Ivano-Frankivsk, uye mamwe maguta Ukrainian. Vakuru vezvemitemo havawanzovhura ongororo. Munyaya dzavakaita, hapana chinoratidza kuti zviremera zvakatora matanho ekuferefeta kuti vaone vapambi, kunyangwe nyaya dzekuti mhondi dzakabuda pachena pasocial media. "
Pakati pemasangano ari muchirevo ichi, Human Rights Watch inozivikanwa nekurerekera kuburitsa kwayo zvido zveUS, uye Freedom House inopihwa mari nehurumende yeUS uye inozivikanwa nekusarurana kwayo. Kwete rudzi rwemapoka ari kubuda munzira yavo kushora vanobatana neUS. Unoda zvimwe? Zvakadini neredhiyo kubva kuRadio Free Europe / Radio Liberty, imwe yehurumende yeUS inotungamira nhema dzehondo. A 2019 chinyorwa nesangano rakabatanidzwa rakashumwa pakusungwa uye nekukasira kusunungurwa kwevarwi verudyi izvo zvakaguma nevakuru vemapurisa vakati wandei vazviti "maBanderites." Uku ndiko kutaura kwaStepan Bandera, mushandirapamwe weNazi wekuUkraine kuma1940 ane Mauto eUkraine Insurgent akauraya makumi ezviuru zvemaJuda nemaPoles, uye akapa zvirevo zvekupokana neSemitic zvine hutsinye seizvo zvaHitler.
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty yakashuma kuti mushure mekunge mupurisa wemhirizhonga atora chikamu mukusungwa kwe "ultranationalists" akavadaidza kuti "Banderites," Dhipatimendi reInterior nevakuru vakuru vemapurisa vakakumbira ruregerero nekushandiswa kwe "Banderite" nenzira inozvidza, uye vakasungwa vakasunungurwa. "Mukuru weMapurisa enyika Serhiy Knyazev anoti ndemumwe. Ndizvo zvinoita Interior Ministry uye National Police mutauriri Artem Shevchenko. Mupi wezano weInterior Ministry Zoryan Shkyryak ndiye, zvakare. Kubva kumusoro zvichidzika, mapurisa nevakuru vevashandi vavo vari kumira mumutsara kuratidza kuyemura kwavo Stepan Bandera, "Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty yakanyora.
Haisi hurumende kana nzanga isina fascism, ndizvo here?
Tinofanira kufara here kana kuti tinofanira kufunga?
Kuvanda kumashure, kune fungidziro yekuwedzera kweNATO. Vazhinji vamiriri veUkraine (kunyangwe, pano, kwete kubva kuvanhu vari Kuruboshwe) vanoedza kutaura kuti US haina kumbovimbisa vakuru veRussia kuti hapazove nekuwedzera kwekumabvazuva kwemubatanidzwa wemauto. Nguva pfupi mushure mekurwiswa, New York Daily News โyakavimbisaโ varavi vayo kuti hakuna zvipikirwa zvakadaro zvakamboitwa, kunyange kutaura kuti Mikhail Gorbachev akanga โasingayeukiโ chipikirwa chakadaro. Zvichida VaGorbachev vane ndangariro pfupi kana, zvichida, iyo Daily News munyori akaita chirevo ichocho kunze kwemhepo. Zvainyatsozivikanwa panguva iyoyo kuti chokwadi chakaitwa. Kune avo vanoda humbowo, George Washington University's National Security Archive yakaburitsa muunganidzwa wakakura wemagwaro anoratidza izvozvo. vimbiso dzakadaro dzakagara dzichiitwa. "Kwete inch imwe" yaive yakakurumbira kugadzirwa kwaJames Baker, ipapo munyori wehurumende weBush I manejimendi. Zvipikirwa zvakadaro zvakaitwa mumamiriro ezvinhu ekuwana mvumo yeSoviet yekubatana kweGermany.
Chekupedzisira, kune zveUS zvekutengesa zvinobatanidzwa. IUS yagara ichitsvaga kubvisa Europe kubva kuRussia gasi rechisikigo uye panzvimbo iyoyo kutenga liquified natural gas kubva kumakambani emagetsi eUS. Saka chikonzero chekuti veEurope vadonhedze Russia semutengesi wesimba hachigamuchirwe pakati pevatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika nevemakambani eUS. Panguva ino hatina humbowo, asi zvingangoita kuti kufunga kwakadaro kwakakonzera kurudziro yeUS kuUkraine kuramba Minsk Accords.
Iyi yave nhaurirano refu yeUkraine neRussia, asi isingadzivisiki kana tichizonetsana zvakanyanya nenyaya dzakaoma dzehondo nenyika dzinorwa. Ndiani pakati pedu anonyatso kufarira midzi mune izvi? Kana mune imwe yeaya maviri akashata rรฉgimes? United States inogona kunge ichida kurwa hondo yemumiriri kune wekupedzisira weUkraine uye Russia iri kuita hondo yayo nenzira ine hutsinye, ine hutsinye - uye Ukraine ine kodzero, sezvinoita chero nyika, kuzvidzivirira - asi izvi hazvidi kuti isu tiite. ita secheerleaders kune rumwe rutivi. Hapana divi risiri mwenje wedemocracy. Kuparadza kwakanyanya kweRussia pakupokana kunoshumwa zvakanyanya, sezvo Russia ikozvino yava Nha. Ukraine yakarambidza mapato akati wandei nokuda kwokuva Kuruboshwe, kana nekuda kwekuti vaipikisa Mutungamiri Zelensky, kusanganisira mapato ane zvigaro zveparamende. Ukraine, sezvakaita Russia, inovhara zviteshi zveterevhizheni zvaisingadzore.
Cheerleading yeRussia nekuda kwekuti inopikisa US imperialism pasina hanya nemamiriro ehurumende yenyika inomiririra kushaya kufunga; hapana chimwe kunze kwekudzingirira kuri nyore kwechinhu chero chipi zvacho chinoita sechinopesana nenhaurwa yenhau dzemakambani uye mutemo wekunze weUS. Cheerleading yeUkraine inomiririra kushaikwa kwakafanana kwekufunga kwakadzama; kudzokororwa kusingataridzike kwehurumende yeUS nemakambani enhau anoparadzirwa. Tinogona chaizvo, uye tinofanira, kuita zvirinani pane zvese. Hondo hausi mutambo wenhabvu.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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