Charles Bowden munyori uye mutori wenhau ane basa rakanyanya kutarisana neUS / Mexico Border dunhu. Kunyora kwake kwakanangana neHondo yeMexican yezvinodhaka uye Ciudad Juรกrez, iro guta remuganho rinozivikanwa seye epicenter yeMexico zvinodhaka zvemhirizhonga. Bhuku rake rinoremekedzwa zvikuru, Guta reMhondi: Ciudad Juรกrez uye Global Economy's New Killing Fields, rakabudiswa muna 2010 neNation Books. Basa rake razvino, rakagadziriswa pamwe naMolly Molloy, riri El Sicario: The Autobiography yeMhondi yekuMexico uye ichangoburitswa, zvakare neNation Books.
Bowden akagara pasi kuti abvunzurudzwe nevhidhiyo neni ndiri kuSan Francisco kumusangano wekutaura. Mumhinduro dzake anopokana mhirizhonga yakanyanyisa inoonekwa muMexico chiratidzo chekuparadzana kwakadzama kwevanhu kunokonzerwa nehuwori hwehurumende, kukundikana kwemitemo yehupfumi, uye Hondo Yezvinodhaka. Izvi zvinotevera chinyorwa chakagadziridzwa chehurukuro yedu. Kuona maminetsi gumi nerimwe akagadziridzwa sarudzo yevhidhiyo pano.
DZ: Ndokumbirawo utange nekutsanangura North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) nemhedzisiro yayo kuMexico, uye pamwe kukanganisa kweUS neMexico mutemo zvakanyanya mumakumi emakore apfuura?
CB: Kana mazana emakore apfuura. Ehe, Mexico chigadzirwa che500 makore ehuori. Asi zvakare chigadzirwa chekupindira kweAmerica. Muna 1846 takaba chikamu chimwe muzvitatu kusvika kuhafu yenyika muHondo ye[Mexican-American], yatakatanga tisina divi rimwe chete. Isu takatonga mutemo wayo wehupfumi. Pakazosvika nguva yeRevolution ya1910, 20% yenyika yaive yevatorwa, munoziva? Takagara tichipindira munyaya dzayo uye ikozvino Hondo yeDrugs iri kuparadza.
NAFTA, chibvumirano chedu chekutengeserana kwemahara, pachinzvimbo chekumutsiridza Mexico chakaparadza kurima kwevarimi uye indasitiri yakareruka uye yepakati, ichisunungura-mumaonero angu uye mumaonero evamwe-imwe yekutama kukuru munyika nhasi. Tarisa, North American Free Trade Agreement yakavhura Mexico zvisingaite kune zvigadzirwa zvekurima kubva kuUnited States. Agribusiness yakaparadza kurima kwevarimi. Pakaitwa chibvumirano waigona kutenga tani yechibage muUnited States, ndinofunga, ne$100. Yaiita $200 patani muMexico. Saka zvekurima nechibage zvakabva zvatsakatika. Madomasi eWashington State akaparadza minda yemichero yemadomasi. Havagoni kukwikwidzana nemishonga yedu yemukaka. Havagone kukwikwidzana nemapurazi edu enguruve, uye zvichienda mberi. Zvino zvimwe izvi zvakaonekwa zvichiuya. Tom Barry akanyora bhuku rakanakisa pairi chibvumirano chisati chapfuura, achiti chingave kuparadzwa kwekurima, izvo zvaive.
Pfungwa yaive yekuti zvaizogadzira mamwe mabasa kune vanhu ava mumaindasitiri. Zvakanaka, yakaita uye haina. Sezvinongoita mazana mana maquiladoras-mafekitari emuganho-muJuarez. Asi vanoripira mubayiro usina munhuโusingagoni kuraramisa munhu. Pasi ipapo unoita mari inosvika makumi matanhatu neshanu pasvondo mua maquiladora, toti, muJuarez. Asi mari yekugara pamuganhu muMexico i80-90% yezvaizove kana uchigara muUnited States. Uye hapana anofunga kuti muAmerica anogona kuzviraramisa pamadhora makumi matanhatu neshanu pasvondo, munoziva, kunze kwekunge ane makore gumi nemana achigara pamba. Saka chinhu hachishande. Hapana anozobvuma kuti hazviite uye ini ndichakuudza chikonzero: Nekuti kutengeserana kwemahara haisi mutemo wehupfumi chaizvo, idzidziso yebhaibheri. Hakupindiri kune chero chokwadi. Hausi mubvunzo, zvine simba, "Izvi zvinoshanda here kana kuti hazvishande?" Vanhu vanoโZvinotendwa mazviri. Kuita kwekutenda. Zvakanaka, handigoverani kutenda. Kana ukaisa mafekitori mazana mana muJuarez uye guta richibudirira, ndinenge ndichifarira zvakaitika. Asi hezvino zvakaitika: Iwe unoenda kuMidwest nedzimwe nzvimbo, unoona kuparadzwa zvachose kweblue-collar jobs munyika ino, uye iwe unoona iwo mabasa mamwechetewo achionekwa muJuarez nekuparadza mhuri dzeMexico nekuda kwemuhoro wevaranda. Mutemo wezvigunwe, zvishoma, ndizvo zvinonzi nefekitari, muOhio yaibhadhara mumwe munhu awa, ndiyo iyo fekitari imwe chete inobhadhara muMexico pazuva. Saka kuparadzwa kaviri. Uye ndakaita nyaya pane izvozvo, ndanga ndiri kumafekitori muOhio akavharwa. Vazhinji vavo vakaenda kuChina, rinova dambudziko rinotarisana neMexico. Kana ikakwidza mihoro yayo inorasikirwa nemabasa kuChina nekuti mihoro yeMexico inopeta nekana muhoro weChina. Iko kupeta kaviri pasi, nhangemutange kusvika kuzasi. Tarisai, hupfumi hwenyika iko zvino, hunoshanda seizvi: vashandi vakavharirwa uye mari inofamba.
Rakawanda rebasa rako rakanangana nemamiriro ehupfumi muMexico uye kubatanidza izvo kuHondo yeDrug. Unoona sei mutemo wehupfumi wakakonzera kubuda kwemhirizhonga yatiri kuona kuMexico?
Iko hakuna tsananguro yakapusa yemhirizhonga muMexico nhasi. Asi kune akawanda-Kune mamiriro emhirizhonga, ndinozviisa nenzira iyoyo. Chibvumirano cheNorth America Free Trade Agreement chakakwevera vanhu kumuganhu kubva kune imwe nzvimbo iri kuputsika mukati meMexico. Nzvimbo dzakaita seJuarez nemaguta ese emuganho akawedzera nekukura kukuru kwevanhu. Ikozvino tave muzvizvarwa zviviri kana zvitatu, nekuti kutengeserana kwemahara-matanho ekutanga ayo, zvirinani, anotanga chaizvo muma'60s pamuganho ane muganhu-chirimwa pfungwa. Zvatakawana zviri kuramba zvichidzikira muhoro muchokwadi pesoa, simba rekutenga; zvizvarwa zviviri kusvika zvitatu zvevana vakakurira muurombo nevabereki vasipo vanoshanda mufekitari; uye pamusoro peizvi, kuputika kweindasitiri yezvinodhaka.
Chakachinja indasitiri yezvinodhaka muMexico ikaita kuti ive hombe apo United States yakavhara Florida corridor yecocaine kubva kuColombia mukutanga-80s. Zvakabva zvachinja nemuMexico. Mexico yakava, mune mamwe mazwi, iyo "trampoline." [Kutaura nezve "The Trampoline" zvinodhaka nzira, apo cocaine akatamiswa kubva Colombia kuMexico, ipapo "bounced" kusvika US.] The Mexican zvinodhaka masangano nokukurumidza akasundidzira kunze vokuColombia, chaizvoizvo. Vakatanga vari vakomana vekutakura vevaColombia uye vakakuvadza muswe vachizunza imbwa. Izvi zvakakonzera kukura kukuru kwemari isiri pamutemo muMexico. Hapana anonyatso kujeka nhasi pahuwandu hwehupfumi hweMexico hwakavakirwa pamatsotsi bhizinesi, asi rakakura. Uye chikonzero chakakura iindasitiri yezvinodhaka iri kuwana, maererano nemasangano edu, $30-50 bhiriyoni pagore. Uye kutaura chokwadi hapana nzira yekubvisa izvo chete pavakadzi vakanaka uye mota dzinopisa uye discotecs. Nzvimbo chete yaunogona kubvisa mari ndeye hupfumi hwepamutemo, nekuitenga. Zvino izvi zvave kuitika gore negore. Saka gore negore kuvapo kwemari muhupfumi kunowedzera. Inounganidza. Izvi zvakafanana zvakaitika muItaly. Kana iwe uine kapu yekofi neItaly yakangwara, nharo ichava pamusoro pekuti 40% yehupfumi hwavo ndeye mafia kana 60%-kwete kana hupfumi hwavo huzhinji huri mafia. Chinhu chimwe chetecho chiri kuitika muMexicoโkana kuti zvakaitika. Ndiyo hupfumi ikozvino. Ndosaka Hondo Yezvinodhaka muMexico mazwi isingaite. Kubvunza Mexico kuti ibude mubhizinesi rezvinodhaka kuri kukumbira kuti irege kufa. Ndiko kunobva mari yacho.
Uye zvitatu zvikuru zvinopa hupfumi hweMexico imari yemafuta, mari inotumirwa nevashandi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika muUnited States, uye mari yezvinodhaka. Iwe wakambopokana-uye uchangobva kutaura zvakare-kuti kungave kuzviuraya kwehupfumi kuti nyika yeMexico iparadze kutengeswa kwezvinodhaka. Ungatsanangura here manzwisisiro ako ehupfumi hweMexico uye kuti zvine hukama sei neHondo yezvinodhaka?
Tinofanira kungwarira paunotaura izwi rekuti "hupfumi". 50% yevagari vekuMexico vanogara kunze kwehupfumi muhurombo hwakanyanya. Zvakanaka, ivo vane hupfumi, asi kana uchigara kunze kwehupfumi zvinoreva kuti mabhengi nevakomana vari paMain Street havawane chero zvayo. Nekuti uri kunze uko uchigara pasi pemuti kumwe usingatengi zvinhu. ChiiโChatiri kutaura nezvacho ndiko kuwana mari yekunze. Uye mafomu matatu emutemo [umo] Mexico yagara ichiwana mari yekunze ioiri, mari inotumirwa, uye kushanya. Zvinodhaka zvinokunda zvose. Zvinodhaka zvatokura kudarika zvinhu zvese izvozvo. Ndiyo manyuko makuru emari yekunze.
NAFTA inhema. Iwe unoziva, pane chimwe chinhu chisinganzwisisike vanhu vazhinji: Izvi zvidyarwa zvemuganho zvinoshanda nekuita kuti zvikamu zvese zvitumirwe mukati, kuita kuti chinhu chiunganidzwe-ngatiti vacuum cleaner-ipapo vacuum cleaner inotumirwa kunze. Saka mupiro chete wakaitwa nemaMexico ibasa. Mubairo wevaranda vevashandi, saka Mexico haitore chero chinhu kubva mairi. Vanonyepera nhamba vachiti, โO, tarisai, tine zvinhu zvikuru izvi zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika,โ uye vanoverenga kukosha kwevacuum cleaner. Zvakanaka, iyo ingano. Chavakapa chete chinhu chidiki ichi chinonzi basa uye vanhu vanobhadharwa chero chinhu. Uye ndicho chimwe chikonzero hachishande. Mwari akanaka, dai maiva nemazana zana emabasa akanaka emufekitori muJuarez, guta remirioni, muchibhadhara mihoro chaiyo yaizove chikomborero kuguta. Asi chokwadi mune mabasa zviuru zana, ngatitii, kubhadhara mubairo wenhapwa uko pasina munhu anoshanda mufekitari mazuva mashanu nehafu pavhiki anogona kutorarama nemuhoro, zvichireva kuti vanofanira kugara pamwe chete matatu kana mana kune imwe imba chete. kupona.
Pamusoro pekuti indasitiri haisi kupa, minda yemafuta yeMexico iri kudzikira uye pane imwe nguva ichaoma. Saka hurumende yeMexico inofanira kuitei? Nekuti kana vakanyatso bvisa indasitiri yezvinodhaka, zvinoita sekunge mupi mukuru wemari yekunze aibvisa, futi.
Zvakanaka, tarisa, kana ukavhara indasitiri yezvinodhaka muMexico unogona kuwana rigamortis. Ndinoreva, iyi ndiyo lubricant. Uye haisi Mexico chete. Pane zvinyorwa zvakakomba zvaunogona kuona kuti panguva yekudonha kwemari yepasi rose muna 2008 chakaita kuti mabhanga epasi rose aenderere mberi yaive mari yezvinodhaka. Uye chikonzero nei mari yemushonga yakakosha imari yese. Ndiyo yega sosi yemvura yakanga yasara sezvo sisitimu pasi rose yakanga ichidonha. Saka pane zvidzidzo zvakakomba zvinofunga kuti chaive chizoro chakakosha kuchengetedza hurongwa hwekubhanga - kubhengi repasirese - kudzedzereka.
Ikozvino chokwadi ndechekuti hapana anoziva kukura kweindasitiri yezvinodhaka. Uye hapana anozombodaro nekuti hapana echokwadi accounting masisitimu ayo. Tinongoziva kuti yakakura uye ichikura. Imwe yefungidziro ingangoita gore rega rega hurumende yeUnited States inoburitsa ongororo yekuti kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka kuri kudzikira muUS, asi gore rega rega bhajeti rekurwisa zvinodhaka rinowedzera. Gore negore kukura kwekubatwa kunowedzera. Saka unofanira kuzvibvunza kuti, โNei vanhu vokuMexico vachiverevedza heroin, cocaine, uye mbanje kuUnited Statesโnemethamphetaminesโkana zvichiwedzera pasina anoishandisa pano?โ Zvakanaka, mhinduro ndeyekunyepa kwehurumende. Havasi kuita izvi nokuda kwekurovedza muviri, mishonga iri kuunzwa muUnited States sezvakangoita chimwe chigadzirwaโnokuti vanhu muno vanoitenga. Imwe yenhema-iwe unoziva, idiocies yeHondo yezvinodhaka, ndeyekuti hakuna kumbove nekubudirira kwehurumende chiyero chinogona kubvisa hupfumi hwemusika. Iwe unoziva, ndosaka kurambidzwa kwakakundikana.
Nezve danho rekuendesa mauto eMexico kurwisa mauto, wakamboti: โ[Mutungamiri Felipe Calderรณn] vakabvarura maski kubva kuMexicoโฆ Uye mask yaakabvisa yakaratidza zviri kuitika muMexico: hurombo hwakawanda uye kuparara kwevanhu. Ikozvino yashandurwa kuita hondo nehurumende yeMexico kurwisa vanhu veMexico. " Sei zviito zvehurumende zvichifanira kuonekwa sehondo yekurwisana nevanhu vayo?
Zvakanaka, ndinokuudza chikonzero nei: Nekuti Mexico inyika yeIndia iyo yagara ichitongwa nevaEurope. Mapurezidhendi eMexico anowanzoita semaGerman, uye vavhoti vanowanzoita setafura yemahogany. Uye vepamusoro ipapo vaigara vachishora izvi, vaigara vachishuvira kuti dai vasina nyika yeIndia yekutonga. Uye izvi zvave zvichiitika kwenguva yakareba. Porfirio Dรญaz akaedza kuuraya maIndia ese, semuenzaniso, mukati memakore makumi matatu ehudzvanyiriri hwake, kunyangwe. he aiva muIndia. Saka hazvishamisi zvachose kuti mutungamiri weMexico arwise vanhu vake.
Iye zvino Calderรณn muKatorike akazvipira zvikuru uye anotenda zvikuru mukutengeserana kwemahara. Iye ndewebato ririko rinenge rakaita seRepublican Party pano. Saka anofunga kuti ari kupa kurapa kwekuvhunduka kurudzi rwake. Poshi. Vaviri: Handifungi kuti anga aine ruzivo rwezvaaipinda mazviri. Akafunga kuti aizoratidza kuti aive mhare ine simba, uye nyika yakaputika nekuti aisaziva nyika yake. Zvandinoreva kana ndichiti "kubvarura mask" ndezvekuti aive nefungidziro nezveMexico izvo zvisiri zvechokwadi. Uye ikozvino Mexico chaiyo iripo-nyika izere nevarombo vane hurumende ine huori uye kune-nenzira yakawanda yemhirizhonga yakafanana nekumukirana kwevanhu vakawanda munyika. Haisi yezvematongerwo enyika, zviri nyore, tarisa, hapana ramangwana revanhu vazhinji, hapana mari, hakuna mabasa. Uye zvino vari kungourayana nekubira. Iyo imhosva yakawanda-hainei nechekuita nemacartel anorwa [mumwe nemumwe]...
Calderรณn akaisa uto mumugwagwa, uye iwe wanga uri mutsoropodzi akasimba weizvi. Sei muchipikisa kuendeswa kwemauto? Uye iwe unofunga kana Calderon akabvisa mauto zvingave nemhedzisiro yakanaka?
Ngatitore chikamu chekutanga chemubvunzo. Ndiri kushoropodza kushandisa mauto nekuti agara ane huori, uye haazive mapurisa zvakadaro โ mauto anongoziva kuparadza zvinangwa. Mauto ekuMexico agara ari mubhizimusi rezvinodhaka. Ingori chitsama chezvisina maturo kutaura kuti havana huwori. Mukutanga-80s. Rancho Buffalo, iyo yakanga iri munda mukuru wembanje, yakanga ine 10,000 XNUMX varombo semaoko emumunda uye yaitungamirirwa neMexican Army. Vakuru vemauto vakanga varipo nguva dzose. Saka pfungwa yekuti havana huwori idiocy.
Chinhu chechipiri - Chii chakaitika ikozvino ne40,000 vanhu vekuMexico vakafa, vane gumi nenomwe matunhu muMexico kubva makumi matatu azere nechisimba chakanyanya, haugone kusunungura bhero. Kana Mauto eMexico akadzokera kumabharaki ayo mhirizhonga iyi ichaenderera mberi. Mwari akanaka, haugone kuburitsa vanhu zviuru zvisere muguta rimwe chete seJuarez uye kusava neboka revanhu rakakuvadzwa zvachose nekuda kwekuti vanova michina yekuuraya. Munoziva, chinhu ichi chanyanya kukura. Iwe haugone kuzvimisa ikozvino nyore. Zviri kuitwa nemauto kuona kukundikana uku. Mauto ari kuyedza kuti mabasa mazhinji aendeswe kumapurisa emubatanidzwa nekuti havachada kuzviita. Nekuti haisi kushanda, injodzi, uye mauto anogara ari pamusoro pekuzvidzivirira, munoziva.
Asi Mexico yadzika nzira iko zvino isingagone kuchinjwa nyore. Calderรณn's administration ichapera mugore, muna 2012. Mutungamiri anotevera achazogara nhaka yakaipa. Uye kana akatumira Mauto kudzokera kumabharaki uye akazivisa mutemo mutsva, handifunge kuti uchapedza mhirizhonga. Munyika mava nevanhu vakawandisa vari kurarama sematsotsi. Izvi tinozviziva kubva pane zvakaitika kwatiri. Patakapedza kurambidzwa muna '33, hazvina kupera-magandanga haana kuti, "Ah, gehena, ini handichakwanisi kuva bhootlegger zvakare, ndinofungidzira ndichaenda kunotora basa kwaJC Penny." Vakaramba vari matsotsi. Uye chikamu chema'30s chaive kubvisa boka rematsotsi renyika rakagadzirwa nekurambidzwa. Zvimwe chetezvo zvichaitika muMexico.
United States yakapa mari yakawanda yekubatanidzwa kwehurumende yeMexico muHondo yeDrugs kuburikidza neMรฉrida Initiative. Unogona here kutsanangura kuti chirongwa ichi chinoshanda sei uye kutsanangura kubatanidzwa kweUS nemauto eMexico uye vezvemitemo?
Zvakanaka, chirongwa cheMรฉrida hachishande. Yakanga iri danho rakatangwa pasi peMutungamiri Bush kuti, "Zvakanaka, kana iwe ukatibatsira muHondo yeDrug, tinokupa hafu yebhirioni pagore," zvatiri. Chaizvoizvo chirongwa cheMรฉrida chiri kuwedzera uye iye zvino hurumende yeUnited States ichangobva kuzivisa kubva pamwoyo wakanaka tichaiwedzera uye kupa mamiriyoni e300 pagore kuhurumende dzemhondi muCentral America kurwisa zvinodhaka. Asi dambudziko nderekuti, tiri kutakura zvikwata zvakawanda munyika idzi zvinouraya vanhu; hazvisi kuzokanganisa bhizinesi rezvinodhaka, nekuti bhizinesi rezvinodhaka ndiko kune mari. Uku kufungidzira kutengesa [ku] muvhoti weAmerica, kuti tiri kubata nedambudziko. Vanhu vanotsigira mutemo uyu vanoziva kuti hachisi chokwadi, uye nekushanda varevi venhema. Hillary Clinton nevanhu ava vari kungonyepa, nekuti Hillary Clinton munhu ane hungwaru hwepamusoro. Anoziva zviri nani kupfuura izvi. Anongoziva kuti zvine zvematongerwo enyika zvinonaka.
Tarisa, hapana mhinduro kune yatinodaidza kuti "dambudziko rezvinodhaka." Mitemo yedu ndiyo yakanakisa idiotic. Vanhu vekuAmerica vanoda kushandisa zvinodhaka; hapana achavamisa. Saka nhamburiko dzipi nedzipi dzokupfuuridzira uyu mutemo kupedza icho chatinoti โchinetso chezvinodhakaโโkushandiswa kwezvinodhakaโkuburikidza nokuriita utsotsi, kuchakundikana. Yakakundikana kwemakore makumi mana. Isu tave nemakore makumi mana muhondo iyi yepamutemo, takashandisa bhiriyoni yemadhora, uye zvinodhaka zvinowanikwa kupfuura patakatanga uye zviri, mumadhora chaiwo, zvakachipa. Ehe, saka, hapana dziviriro yemutemo uyu ...
Iwe unoita nyaya yekuti kwete hupfumi hweMexico chete, asiwo huwandu hwehupfumi hweUS hwakadzika midzi muHondo yeDrug kuburikidza neindasitiri yemajeri, zviuru zvisingaverengeki zvemabasa mumutemo kurwisa zvinodhaka, nezvimwe.
Heino chibvumirano: Haisi kuti Hondo Yezvinodhaka yakakosha kuhupfumi, ndeyekuti chikamu chakasarudzika chetsika yedu ikozvino. Rine constituency, rinoita lobbies, rine hupenyu hwaro. Kana ukabuda, sezvandinoita, kuti uve pamutemo [wezvinodhaka], kune mabhiriyoni emadhora akagadzirirwa kukurwisa. George Soros paakabhengi mbanje yekurapa, danho muCalifornia, hombe imwe sosi yemari yekurwisa chirongwa ichi yaive mubatanidzwa wevarindi vejeri pano. Ndiko uko, ndinofungidzira, uko kuri chikamu chehupfumi. Vazhinji vekuAmerica-chii chakashanduka kubva pandakavhara izvi makore makumi matatu apfuura vanhu vaifarira kuona zvinodhaka sechinhu chaishandiswa nevanhu vakaderera vakanga varasikirwa, vasina zvakawanda zvekuita nehupenyu hwavo. Ikozvino hakuna mhuri munyika ino isina nhengo mairi yakakuvadzwa neHondo Yezvezvinodhaka iyi, isina munhu wemhuri yavo akapindwa muropa uye anongoerekana abatwa setsotsi. Ini ndinotaura zviratidziro zveredhiyo kazhinji munyika ino yose, uye handife ndakaunza pamutemo. Nguva dzose munhu anofona anodaro, uye vanogara vachizviita nokuda kwechikonzero chomunhu oga. Sekuru vavo, mwana wamai vavo, hanzvadzi yavo, mukoma wavo, munoziva, ane dambudziko rezvinodhaka, uye vanofunga kuti inofanira kubatwa senyaya yeutano, kwete nyaya yemhosva, nekuti hakuchisiri rima riri kumucheto kweguta...
Sezvawataura, mari inotumirwa kubva kuvashandi vekuMexico vanogara muUS ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo huru dzekuwana mari kuMexico. Iwe wakambotaura maonero ekuti zvakapihwa mamiriro ehupfumi hweMexico saka zviri mugwara rehurumende kukurudzira kutamira kuUS-kuti munhu wekuMexico ane mhosva kuhurumende kana akagara, asi tsime rekuwana mari. kana vakaenda.
Tarisai, izvo zvatinodaidza kuti "kubuda munyika zvisiri pamutemo" igwara rinofarirwa nehurumende yeMexico kudzinga vagari vayo. 50% yevagari veMexico vanogara kunze kwehupfumi muhurombo chaihwo-hurombo hwakadzama. Iwe tora mumwe wevanhu ivavo, toti muIndia anobva kuOaxaca, anoenda kuchamhembe zvisiri pamutemo, anoenda kuChicago, ari kusuka ndiro. Wakangoerekana watamisa munhu, sekunge nemashiripiti, kubva kune mumwe munhu asingakwanise kuzviriritira muMexico kuenda kune mumwe munhu ari kutumira kumba kuMexico mazana emadhora pamwedzi. Anoshanduka kuita ATM yemunhu. Zvakanaka, izvi zvakaitika kumamiriyoni evanhu pavakabva kuMexico. Ini ndinotenda iyo yakabudirira kwazvo yekurwisa urombo chirongwa munhoroondo yenyika ndiko kutama kwevarombo veMexico kuchamhembe. Takatora vanhu vane miriyoni gumi kana gumi neshanu tikavashandura kuita mabhanga madiki anotumira mari kumba. Vari kutumira kumusha vanopfuura mabhiriyoni makumi maviri pagore, vari kuchengetedza nhamba huru yevanhu muMexico, uye zvese zvaifanira kuitwa kuti chishamiso ichi chiitwe kuvaregedza kuburikidza newaya uye kutora basa rakaderera muUnited States.
Saka semaonero ako, iyo yeMexico "emigration" mutemo, ndinofungidzira, uye mutemo weUS immigration, izvo zvinobonderana kupi uye zvinopindirana kupi?
Havadhukiri. Tarisa, mutemo weMexico ndewekuti "veMexico vane kodzero yekufamba vakasununguka." Chii chinonzi mutemo ndechekuti, "Ngatibvisei vanhu vasina maturo ava vari kutora nzvimbo pano, uye voenda kuUnited States uye vanotumira mari kumba." Mutemo weUS unoti, "Ah, izvi zvakaipa," asi isu tine zvikamu zvehupfumi hwedu zvinoenderana nevanhu ava ...
Imwe yenharo dzandinoda kuita, zvakare, kunyanya kune vanhu vanofambira mberi, ndeyekuti NGO yakabudirira kwazvo muMexico ibhizimusi rezvinodhaka. Inoshandisa vanhu vakawanda, inobhadhara mihoro yakawanda, haina rusarura. Ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo shoma munyika iri pane merit system. Zvino, iwe unoziva, ndosaka ichiitwa nemakucheka kubva kumhuri dzine urombo, kazhinji. Mexico ine caste system, asi munyika yezvinodhaka, zvese zvinoenderana nemabatiro aunoita basa rako. Uye saka unogona kuuraya nzira yako kubudirira. Ndiro sangano risiri rehurumende rakabudirira zvikuru munhoroondo yenyika. Mamwe maNGO ese angori tudiki kana tichienzanisa. Uye ndosaka pasina munhu anogona kukwikwidza neindasitiri yezvinodhaka. Ini handina basa kuti vangani vanhu vanouraiwa vachifambisa zvinodhaka, pane mutsara wekuwana basa.
Handina chokwadi kana wakazviona, asi mutori wenhau weBritish Ed Vulliamy-
Ishamwari yangu.
Ishamwari yako here?
Ndinomuziva, hongu. Tarisai, kunongova nevanhu vanomwe chete vanopa dambamu remuganhoโฆ
Akanyora chinyorwa paJuarez svondo rapfuura The Guardian. Akataura zvamazvirokwazvo. Asi iye akati: "Chinhu chinoita kuti hondo yeMexico ive hondo yakasiyana, uye yenguva yedu, ndezvekuti, pakupedzisira, hapana." Anoirondedzera se "hondo isingadzivisiki ye capitalism yakapenga." Chaizvoizvo, anochema-chema kuti mhirizhonga yakawandisa isimba remusika rakashata uye pasina chikonzero chine musoro, asina pfungwa kana rukudzo, uye akarwira t-shirt yemazuva ano. Ndeapi maonero ako panyaya iyi?
Zvakanaka, tarisai, ndinoziva Edโฆ Tave nenharo iyi kwemakore. Ed anobva kurudzi rweKuruboshwe maonero, uye anoda kuona rudzi rwezvamatongerwe enyika muzvinhu. Uye pandakatanga kusangana naye, ndakamuudza kuti ndipo pandakapesana naye, kuti hapana chirevo chezvematongerwo enyika, mupfungwa yaari kufunga, mumhirizhonga muMexico nhasi. Iko hakuna manifestos. Aya haasi maproto-inurgency, sekutaura kunoita Mai Clinton. Izvi zvingori zvekupona. Zviri pamusoro pemari nesimba. Haina zvematongerwo enyika.
Asi ndinofunga kuti ndizvo zvaari kuita nharo. Iye anoti-
Kweteโiye zvino, hongu. Tarisai, ndinoda kuita nharo. Uye Ed mutori wenhau akanaka kwazvo. Uye angada kuve neizvi-kune kumwe kutanga kweMexican Revolution mune izvi, asi hapana. Zvinotyisa apolitical. Kungouraya chete. Uye zvino tine zviuru nezviuru nezviuru zvevanhu zvakapinzwa mumhirizhonga. Iye zvino tine vanhu vasingaverengeki vakakuvadzwa. Iye zvino ndine shamwari, Mufundisi Jose Antonio Galvรกn, mushumiri wemumugwagwa muJuarez uye anoshanda nevakakuvadzwa. Uye anotenda-uye ndinofunga kuti akarurama-kuti pakuuraya kwese kune vanhu makumi matatu kana makumi mana vakakuvadzwa pfungwa nemhondi. Nekuti idzi imhondi. Izvi hazvisi kuti ndinobuda ndichiyambuka mugwagwa ndorohwa nemota. Vanhu vanosuwa ipapo asi vanogona-zvinotsanangurwa. Uyu mukadzi wako anopinda mumota kuenda kumagirosa obva apfurwa nemabhuroko maviri kure uye hauzive kuti sei uye unoshaya kuti ndiani akazviita. Ndizvo zviri kuitika. Pakave nezviitiko zvitatu mumwedzi mishoma yapfuura yandinogona kuyeuka yemapurisa akawana vana vadiki vachidzungaira mumigwagwa, vobva vaona kuti ndivanaani voenda kumba, uye vabereki vaurayiwa. Vana vachangobva kudzungaira, munoziva, vana vadiki.
Muzvakawanda zvekunyora kwako, chiyero chekutama kweMexico chakaiswa mune yakakura mamiriro ekutama kukuru: kufamba kwepasirese kwevarombo vakananga kuhuwandu hwehupfumi hwenyika. Unogona here kuwedzera pane iyi pfungwa yakakura uye kwaunoona Mexico inokodzera?
Ehe. Vanhu vekuAmerica vakabatikana nekutama kusiri pamutemo kweMexico, nekuti ndiko chete kuravira chaiko kwavanowana kwenyika chaiyo yegoddamn. Nyika yakazara nevanhu vari kufamba iye zvino nekuda kwekuparara kwehupfumi uye kuwedzera kwevanhu. Kana ukaenda kuEurope kune flotilla ikozvino yezvikepe mhiri kweMediterranean kumisa vanhu kuedza kupindaโฆ Izvi zviri kuitika pasi rese. Mafungiro edu nezvehupfumi hwepasi rose uye kuti huchafamba sei-rudzi urwu, ngatitii, Clintonian wet dream - anoratidzwa inhema. Hazvisi kushanda nenzira iyo. China ine vanhu vanosvika miriyoni mazana maviri vakabvisa vanhu pavakaedza kuita maindasitiri senge West. Uye saka tichafanirwa kurarama neizviโฆ Uye ndinofunga, mupfungwa iyoyo, kushushikana kuchawedzera.
Mhinduro yedu ndeyemucheche. Isu takavaka iyi chaiyo madziro emuviri. Makore apfuura, uye ini ndichiri, fan yakadzika yaGarret Hardin. Garret Hardin aive rudzi rwemuzivi, uye akanyora zvinyorwa zviviri zvakakosha โ โThe Tragedy of the Commons,โ [uye] akanyorawo imwe inonzi โLifeboat Ethicsโโachiti takananga kuhutsinyeโakanyora izvi muma1970โ kuti sezvo zviwanikwa zvinodzikira, huwandu hwevanhu huchiwedzera, taizowana chikepe chehupenyu nevanhu vanotuhwina kuenda kuchikepe chako chehupenyu uye haungavabvumire kupinda, nekuti kana ukaita chikepe chose chinonyura. Mune mamwe mazwi, tinofanira kuita zvisarudzo zvakaoma zvikuru. Zvakanaka, ndinofunga kuti kunyange iyo yapera ikozvino, nokuti hapana mararamiro ezvikepe zvehupenyu nekudziya kwepasi, nezvimwewo. Hapana igwa rehupenyu. Tese takabatwa pamwe chete izvozvi-kuti zvisinei nezvandinoita kana chero ani zvake anoita, kuti kana China ichida kuramba ichiwedzera kabhoni tsoka, tichava nenjodzi yepasi. Uye haugone kuvaka rusvingo kurwisa izvozvo. Chokwadi. Isu tiri kurarama munguva yakapfuura nemafungiro iwayo.
Izvo zvatisati tawana, ikirasi yezvematongerwo enyika papasi iyo inogona kutengesa pfungwa yenjodzi yepasi rose. Tichiri kunyepedzera kunge tinogona kuivhara, munozivaโฆ Rega ndijekese izvi: hazvina basa kuti unofarira vekuMexico here kana kusafarira vekuMexico. Hazvina mhosva kuti unoda kuti vagare munyika yavo here kana kuti unoda kuti vauye kuno. Havasi kuzogara munyika yavo. Havasi kuzogara ipapo uye kufa. Pachave nemamiriyoni zana nemakumi mashanu avo mumakore makumi matatu, makumi mana. Nyika haigone kuchengetedza huwandu hwayo hwazvino hwemamiriyoni zana negumi, saka vari kuenda. Handisi kukwanisa kusarudza izvozvo. Ndinofanira kungorarama nechokwadi ichocho. Europe ichave yakakombwa. Marudzi akapfuma enyika achakombwa, nokuti vanhu vachaedza kutizira mavari kuti vaponese upenyu hwavo vamene.
Muchiitiko cheMexico, chii chaunofunga kuti chinofanira kuitwa? Ndeapi nhanho dzinofanirwa kutorwa kuti, zvirinani, kudzorera zvakajairwa kuhupenyu hweavo vari muMexico?
VeMexico vanofanirwa kugadzirisa Mexico. Vanhu vekuAmerica havagone. Asi zvinogona kuitwa nemaAmerican kumisa mitemo inokuvadza Mexico uye kuita kuti zvese zvinyanye kuipa. Renegotiate NAFTA saka inobhadhara mubairo wekurarama. Tangana nenyaya yekuti tichave nevashandi vekuMexico pano tovanyoresa zviri pamutemo sevashandi venguva pfupi kana sevanhu vanokodzera kuve vagari. Hatingamhanye nyika ine zvakavanzika zvepasi. Hatikwanise kumhanya nyika ine marudzi maviri evanhu. Takazviita kamwe chete; yakakonzera hondo yevagari vemo, yakauraya vanhu 600,000 XNUMX, uye yakadzorera shure nharaunda yose yenyika yeduโMaodzanyembaโkwezana ramakore. Pakupedzisira kupedza Hondo Yezvinodhaka. Hapana mhinduro, yeMexico kana United States, nekupa makumi emabhiriyoni emadhora pagore kuboka rematsotsi. Hatikwanise kumisa vanhu kushandisa zvinodhaka. Tinovarega vaine mishonga toita nyaya yekurapa. Iwe unoziva, sezvatinoita nekuputa, doro, nezvimwe.
Munoziva, tinogona kurarama nezvinodhaka. Isu tatova, vari kwese kwese zvakadaro. Imwe yezvirevo zvisina musoro zvinoitwa nevanhu ndezvekuti, "Zvakanaka, Chuck, kana ukanyoresa zviri pamutemo zvinodhaka vanenge vari muzvikoro." Zvakanaka, Jesu, dzika kuchivanze chechikoro, ndinoreva kuti vanga varipo kwemakumi emakore uye munhu wese anozviziva. Chatisingadi kushandiswa kwavo kusiri pamutemo. Uye hatidi kuti vanhu vafe nekuwedzeredza nekuda kwehupfu uye nemishonga yakaipa. Ndinoda kugara munyika isina pfuti uye munhu wese aigara pamiriwo yemiriwo ndinofungidzira, asi ini handiwane sarudzo iyoyo. Ini ndinowana sarudzo yenyika ino uye munyika ino kugadzira zvinodhaka tsotsi kwave njodzi. Uye chero munhu akangwara kana aona chimwe chinhu chisingashande anoedza chimwe chinhu. Hapana anokanda jecha mutangi repeturu, omisa injini, oti, โZvakanaka, ndicharamba ndichikanda jecha mukati.โ Zvakanaka, ndizvo zvatiri kuita. Iwe unofanirwa kunge uri pamishonga kuti unge uchifarira Hondo Yezvinodhaka. Iwe haugone kuve wakachena uye unofunga chaizvo kuti iri kushanda.
David Zlutnick mugadziri wemafirimu anogara uye anoshanda muSan Francisco. Firimu rake razvino ndere Basa Harina Ramangwana: Militarism + Resistance muIsrael/Palestine (2010), chinyorwa chinoongorora mauto eIsrael, chinoongorora kugarwa kwePalestine West Bank, uye inotsvaga basa reIsrael nePalestine vanoronga kurwisa mauto nekugara. Unogona kuona basa rake pa www.UpheavalProductions.com.
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