VeVenezuela vachaenda kunovhota muna Zvita 6 kuti vasarudze vatevedzeri veNational Assembly. Musanganiswa wezvikonzero zvakaita kuti iri rive rimwe rematambudziko akaoma zvikuru akatarisana neBolivarian Revolution mumakore gumi nemanomwe kubvira Mutungamiri Chavez paakatanga kusarudzwa muna 17. Kuzvinetso zvenguva dzose zvekupikisa kwakasimba kwehutongi hwejekerere uye kudenhwa kwemaimperiyamu echisimba tinofanira kuwedzera musanganiswa. yemamiriro ehupfumi hwenyika nepasirese ayo anoshanda kuisa Venezuela munzvimbo yakaoma uye inotungamira kune imwe mhedziso: kana shanduko yapera, kana kuti ichakundwa.
Kudonha kwemutengo wemafuta, kutadza kwekuyedza kudzora musika we capitalist, uye kupaza pachena neboka re capitalist kwakagumisa mamiriro ezvinhu umo hurumende yakakwanisa kuita shanduko dzakakura dzemagariro pasina kutora matanho. iyo capitalist pfuma yenzira dzekugadzira. Avo vari muhutungamiri hweBolivarian vanoramba kufamba munzira yekubvisa capitalism vari kugadzirira kukundwa kwesangano.
Makore matatu apfuura akaona kudzikira kwakanyanya kwemamiriro ehupfumi muVenezuela. Mutengo wemafuta eVenezuela pamusika wepasi rose wadonha. Yakatenderedza madhora zana padhiramu muna 100, yakadzika kusvika pamadhora makumi masere nemasere muna 2013, uye yakawedzera madhora makumi mana nemanomwe muna 88 kusvika parizvino. Musvondo rechipiri raMbudzi yakawedzera kudzikira kusvika pamadhora makumi matatu nemanomwe. Izvi zvave kukanganisa zvikuru simba rehurumende rekudyara mari muzvirongwa zvemagariro evanhu pamwe nekutenga chikafu nezvimwe zvinhu kubva kunze kwenyika.
GDP yeVenezuela yakakura ne1.3% asi yakazobvumirana ne4% muna 2014, uye inofungidzirwa kuti ichadonha neimwe 7 kusvika ku10% gore rino. Inflation yanga yatove rekodhi yakakwira 68.5% gore rapfuura apo Central Bank yakamira kuburitsa nhamba. Mutungamiri Maduro akataura kuti inflation gore rino ichava 85%, asi zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvakatounganidza gore negore inflation rates inopfuura 100%. IMF inofungidzira kuti inflation ichaita 159% mugore rose muna 2015.
Mamwe ematambudziko aya anogona kuteverwa nesarudzo dzakatorwa muna 2002–3 panguva yekuvharirwa kwemaboss uye kukanganisa hupfumi. Hurumende yeHugo Chávez yakafunga kuunza mutemo pamusoro pemitengo yezvinhu zvakakosha kuitira kuchengetedza vanhu vanoshanda nevarombo kubva mukubiridzira, kufungidzira, uye kuhodha kwemapoka mashoma emapoka anodzora kugadzirwa nekugoverwa kwechikafu muVenezuela.
Panguva imwecheteyo yakaunza kudzora mari yekunze kuitira kudzivirira kutiza kwemari. Aya matanho angadai akashanda kwenguva pfupi uye angadai akapa shanduko nenzvimbo yekufema, asi nekufamba kwenguva vakagadzira kukanganisa kukuru muhupfumi izvo zvave kuputika pamusoro. Izvo zvave zvichiwedzera kuoneka kuti musika we capitalist haugone kudzorwa, uye kuti chero kuedza kuita izvi kunotungamirira mukudzura, kuparadza, uye kupandukira kune chikamu chevaridzi vega nzira dzekugadzira.
Vagadziri vakazvimiririra vakawana maburi kuitira kuti vadzivise uye vaparadze pachena kudzora kwemitengo. Panzvimbo pekugadzira mupunga (uyo unodzorwa), ivo vanogadzira akasiyana kana ane mavara akasiyana (asina kudzorwa), uye nekudaro ndeyechigadzirwa chimwe nechimwe chinodzorwa. Mukutarisana nesarudzo dzega dzega, vanogadzira vakazvimirira voga vanobvisa zvigadzirwa zvavo pamusika kuitira kuti vade kushaikwa kana kumanikidza hurumende kusimudza kana kurerutsa mitengo.
Muenzaniso wekupedzisira weizvi wave uri maererano nemutengo wemazai. Ichi chigadzirwa chakakosha, chinova chimwe chemafuta makuru eprotein mukudya kwanhasi kwevanhu veVenezuela, changa chiri kutengeswa nemari inosvika zana bolívars pabhokisi ramazai makumi matatu pakutanga kwa100. Kwapera gore rakanga rakwira ne30% yakanga ichitengeswa ne2014 bolívars. Pakupera kwaOctober 200 mutengo wayo wakanga wapfuura 300 bolívars, uye ipapo hurumende yakasarudza kudzora mutengo wayo pa2015 Bs. yekatoni ine mazai makumi matatu. Mhedzisiro yacho yave iri kutsakatika kunenge kuzere kwemazai kubva muzvitoro, sezvo vagadziri nevatengesi vezvitoro vachiramba kutengesa nemutengo wepamutemo. Mienzaniso yakadai inogona kupihwa kune yega yega yakakosha chigadzirwa.
Pakupedzisira, izvi zvinoguma nemamiriro ezvinhu apo hurumende inomanikidzwa kushandisa mari yenyika kuunza zvinhu zvakawanda kubva kumusika wepasi rose, izvo zvinozotengesa nemitengo inotsigirwa kuburikidza nenzira dzehurumende dzekugovera. Izvi, zvichibvumira vanhu vekuVenezuel kuti vawane chikafu chishoma pamitengo yakaderera, zvine zvakapetwa kaviri mhedzisiro: sezvo zvigadzirwa izvi zviri kushomeka, musika mukuru mutema unogadzirwa kwavanotengeswa, zvisiri pamutemo, kashanu kana gumi mutengo wavo wakatarwa. . Nekune rimwe divi, inoshanda sedhizaini huru pakuchengetedza mari yekunze kwenyika.
Hurumende yakadavidza kunhimbe iyi yokuparadza upfumi—kuidana nezita rayo chairo, hondo youpfumi—nenzira isina kujeka. Nguva nenguva, kutonga kunoitwa, matura ezvigadzirwa zvakachengetwa anopambwa, uye matanho emuenzaniso anotorwa kune macapitalist ega. Izvi zvinobva zvateverwa nemvumo kune zvikamu zvakasiyana zvevagadziri vecapitalist, nekuwedzera mutengo wezvigadzirwa zvinodzorwa, kusimudza mirau kune vamwe, nezvimwewo. Parizvino, Fedenaga, sangano rinopfuya mombe dzemacapitalist, riri kuda kuti mutengo wenyama ukwidzwe. ne330% uye iyo yemukaka ne960% yakakura!
Mamiriro acho ezvinhu iye zvino azova asingachinjiki zvechokwadi. Vanhuwo zvavo vanoshanda vanomanikidzwa kumira mumitsetse kwemaawa akawanda kuti vakwanise kuwana zvigadzirwa zvidiki nemitengo yakadzorwa muzvitoro zvikuru zvehurumende nemacheni ekugovera, vobva vabhadhara mitengo yehuori kuti vabhadhare zvimwe zvese zvavanoda.
Kudzora mari dzekunze, uko kwakagadzirirwa kurwisa kubhururuka kwemari, kwave kuchikonzera kukanganisa kukuru kwehupfumi. Panzvimbo pekudyara mari yavo mukugadzira, macapitalist anoona zvine pundutso zvakanyanya kushandisa madhora akasarudzika anopihwa nehurumende kuti vatengese zvigadzirwa kubva kunze kwenyika, izvo zvavanozotengesa pamusika wepasi nemitengo yakanyorwa nemusika mutema wekuchinjana.
Zvimwewo, mamwe makororo asina kuvimbika anowana madhora anodiwa kubva kuhurumende kuti atore midziyo izere nesimbi yakaraswa (nekunyepedzera kupinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika), vobva vatengesa madhora acho pamusika mutema. Mutengo wekuchinjana wevanotenga kunze kwenyika uri pakati pe6 ne12 bolívars kudhora, apo mwero wemusika mutema wasvetuka kubva pa187 bolívars kuenda kudhora pakutanga kwa2015, kusvika pamusoro pe890 panguva yekunyora chinyorwa ichi. The official free exchange rate (SIMADI) ingori pasi pe200 Bs. kudhora.
Hapana huwandu hwakakwana hwakaburitswa, asi pane imwe nguva hurumende yakaburitsa kuti mari inosvika mabhiriyoni makumi maviri emadhora yakapihwa kune vemakambani akazvimirira yakashandiswa zvisiri pamutemo muna 20 chete pasi pechirongwa chekare cheCADIVI. Zvakadaro, makumi emabhiriyoni emadhora ari kupihwa kumacapitalist gore rega rega kubva kuhomwe yehurumende, nemitengo yakasarudzika.
Zvakare, kubviswa uku kwezviitwa zvehupfumi zvakajairika zvakakonzera kudonha kwakanyanya mukudyara kwega, sezvo macapitalist vanosarudza kushandisa nzira dzepamutemo uye dzisiri pamutemo dzekushandisa mutsauko wekuchinjana pane kuisa mari mukugadzira. Kudzora kwekuchinjana kwekuchinja kwakashanduka kuita nzira iyo mari yenyika inotamiswa nayo zvakananga muhomwe dzeparasitical oligarchy. Nzvimbo dzakaoma dzemari yenyika dzakadonha kubva pamadhora 30bn muna 2012, kusvika kumadhora 20bn pakutanga kwegore, uye $14.8bn pakutanga kwaNovember. Venezuela inofanirwa kutarisana nemadhora gumi nemashanu emadhora mukubhadhara chikwereti chekunze muna 15 na2015.
Kusaenzana kukuru kwehupfumi uku ndiko kuri kukonzerawo kuti huwori uye misika mitema, idzo dziri mapatya uye dzine hukama.
Kwemakore akawanda, mushure mekukundwa kwekuvhara kwemasabhuku muna 2002-3, hurumende payakawana zvakare hutongi hwekambani yehurumende yemafuta PDVSA, Bolivarian Revolution yaigona kuisa mari yakawanda muzvirongwa zvemagariro pasina kubata pfuma ye capitalist.
Zvakawanikwa zvave zvichishamisa: Kuwedzera kukuru kwedzidzo yemahara yemayunivhesiti (kubva pa800,000 vadzidzi kusvika 2.6 miriyoni), hutano, kuderedza urombo (kubva pa48% zvichidzika kusvika 27%), kubviswa kwekusagona kuverenga, kuderedzwa kwemazinga ekushaya chikafu (kubva pa21 zvichidzika. kusvika ku5%), kuwedzera kukuru kwepenjeni yevachembera (kubva pa380,000 vanobatsirwa kusvika 2.1 miriyoni), kuendeswa kweanopfuura 800,000 achangobva kuvakwa akazara fureti nedzimba kune vanhu vanoshaya, kungotaura zvishoma.
Zvose izvi zvakasimbisa tsigiro yeChimurenga cheBolivarian, icho chakakunda musarudzo gumi nesere kubva mu18 dzegutsaruzhinji nereferenda pakati pa19 na1998. vashandi nevarombo, vane mabasa emufekitari, kutonga kwevashandi, kugadzwa kwematare emunharaunda, uye kutora rutivi kwokushingaira kwevazhinji mubasa rezvamatongerwe enyika.
Mamiriro ezvinhu akaita kuti zvose izvi zviitike zviri kukurumidza kupera. Mamiriro ehupfumi haachabvumiri mari yakawanda yekugara kwevanhu yekuderedza mari yemafuta. Kuedza kwehurumende kuchengetedza nekuwedzera kushandiswa kwevanhu munharaunda iyi kwakakonzera kuputika kwekukwira kwemitengo. Mari inopihwa (M2) yakakwira kubva pa1.2trn bolívars muna Ndira 2014, kusvika pa2trn muna Ndira 2015, uye kusvika parekodhi yepamusoro ye3.5trn ikozvino. Zvechokwadi, kana mari inotenderera ichiwedzera pasina nhamba yezvinhu zvinogadzirwa zvichiwedzera maererano, izvi zvinotungamirira ku inflation.
Kupwanywa kwehupfumi nehupfumi hwakazvimirira kwaputsa hurongwa hwekudzorwa kwemitengo. Kufarira kwechimurenga kweruzhinji kwakakanganiswa nezvose izvi, uye zvakare nekukura kwehutungamiriri nehuwori.
Kune izvi isu tinofanirwa kuwedzera kuenderera mberi kwekumanikidza kweUS imperialism, kuburikidza nekunetsana mumuganhu neColombia uye ikozvino zvakare Guyana, kushungurudzwa kwevakuru vehurumende yeVenezuelan, kupomerwa nguva dzose munhau, kuchera, uye kusarura. Kungotaura nezvemienzaniso ichangopfuura, takaona kudenha kwakajeka kweUnited States apo ndege yeU.S. Coast Guard yakatyora nzvimbo yendege yeVenezuela kweanopfuura maminitsi 3.5 munzvimbo yeLos Monjes muna Mbudzi 6. Zvakazarurwa zvakaitwa nemuridzo wekuUS Edward Snowden. simbisawo kuti NSA surveillance operation yakavakirwa pamumiriri weUS kuCaracas yakabira kutaurirana kwemukati kwemazana evakuru pakambani yehurumende yemafuta PDVSA. Chimbofungidzira kana mabasa eVenezuela neUS anga adzoserwa mune imwe neimwe yezviitiko izvi! Chekupedzisira, zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti kusarudzwa kwaMacri anohwina-kurudyi seMutungamiriri weArgentina akadurura peturu kumoto wekushungurudzwa neVenezuela paakazivisa, mumusangano wake wekutanga wevatori venhau mushure mekukunda kwake sarudzo, kuti Venezuela inofanirwa kumiswa kuve nhengo yeMercosur. .
Muchirevo chechinyorwa ichi, pane ngozi huru yekuti vanopikisa vachawana mhedzisiro yakanaka musarudzo dzeparamende, vachihwina mavhoti akawanda uye zvichida kunyange zvigaro zvakawanda. Izvi zvingava njodzi, sezvo vaizoshandisa chinzvimbo ichocho kutanga chigumbuso kuMutungamiri Maduro uye kutanga kusunungura hupfumi hwakawanda hwemagariro echimurenga. Kana izvozvo zvikaitika, haizove mhosva yeruzhinji rweBolivarian, asi yevatungamiriri vavo vezvekuchinja, avo vakaramba vachinzvenga nzira yekubvuta boka re capitalist, uye vakasarudza pachinzvimbo chekukwidza kunyasha kwevakuru vega, kana kushandisa. administrative matanho kuedza kudzora capitalist musika.
Icho hachisi mhedziso yakafanotaurwa. Panewo chinhu chekuora mwoyo pakati pevatsigiri vanopikisa mushure mehave vakakundwa mukuedza kwavo kumukira muna 2014, uye vatungamiri vavo vakaparadzaniswa. Zvakadaro, miganho iyo mauto eBolivarian akahwina nayo sarudzo yemutungamiri wenyika yemuna 2013 (0.4%) nesarudzo yegungano renyika yemuna 2010 (0.9%) yaive yakamanikana, zvekuti zvaizongotora vanhu mazana maviri ezviuru vachichinja mativi kana kurega kuita mutsauko wakakosha.
Muuyo wacho hausati wasarudzwa. Mhomho dzechimurenga dzeVenezuela dzakaratidza panguva dzese kuve neruzivo rwakapinza rwekirasi, uye vakafunga magumo echimurenga cheBolivarian kakawanda. Manzwiro iwayo echimurenga haana kunyangarika, asi zvamazvirokwazvo akaodzwa mwoyo nezvinetso zvoupfumi uye kusakwanisa kuri pachena kwehurumende kubata nazvo nenzira inobudirira. Vanoziva zvizere nezve njodzi yekukunda kwerudyi, uye vanogona kuita paminiti yekupedzisira.
Muna Gumiguru, nhaurirano yerunhare pakati pemuridzi weGrupo Polar Mendoza neveVenezuelan IMF yakarova murume Haussmann, anogara kuHarvard, akaburitsa hurongwa hwavo kana vanopikisa vachiuya kuzotonga: kukumbira bhero yemadhora mabhiriyoni makumi mana kubva kuIMF, iyo. chokwadi kuuya netambo dzakabatanidzwa.
Kunyangwe kana Bolivarian Revolution ikakwanisa kukunda sarudzo yemusi waZvita 6, uye ndicho chinhu maMarxists acharwira nemasimba ese atiinawo, matambudziko ehupfumi haazoperi. Patova nemanzwi ane chiremera muboka reBolivarian anoda chiito chakaomarara uye matanho akasimba.
Pane nzira imwe bedzi yokutarisana nayo nezvinetso zvakatarisana nechimurenga, imwe yakanga yatofambiswa mberi naHugo Chávez asati afa muhurukuro yakakurumbira yainzi “turn the rudder” ( Golpe de Timón ), umo akakurudzira kuvaka musoshalist. hupfumi uye kutsiva iyo bourgeois state neimwe yakavakirwa pamakomisheni.
Chinhu chimwe chakajeka: nzira yekuedza kudzora capitalism yakundikana, uye kunze kwekunge paine kutendeuka kwakapinza kuruboshwe, Bolivarian Revolution ichakundwa.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta