Pakasarudzwa Yanis Varoufakis kuparamende uyezve akadomwa segurukota rezvemari reGreek muna Ndira, akatanga mwedzi minomwe inoshamisa yenhaurirano nevakweretesi venyika nevadyidzani vayo vokuEurope.
Musi waChikunguru 6, vavhoti vechiGreek vakatsigira chimiro chake chakaomarara mureferendamu, zvine mutsindo 62% kuvhota Kwete kuEuropean Union's ultimatum. Pausiku ihwohwo, akasiya basa, mushure mokunge mutungamiri wehurumende Alexis Tsipras, achitya kubuda kwakashata kubva kune eurozone, akasarudza kupesana nemutongo wakakurumbira. Kubva ipapo, bato rinotonga, Syriza, rakapatsanuka uye a snap election yadaidzwa. Varoufakis anoramba ari nhengo yeparamende uye izwi rine mukurumbira mune zvematongerwo enyika zveGreek neEuropean.
Paakabvunzwa nezve danho raTsipras rekutanga sarudzo, achikoka ruzhinji rweGreek kuti vape mutongo wavo panguva yaachange ari pachigaro, Varoufakis akati:
Dai zvakanga zvakadaro! Vavhoti vari kukumbirwa kuti vatsigire chisarudzo chaAlexis Tsipras, pahusiku hwemutongo wavo mukuru wereferendamu, kuti vapidigure; kushandura Aiwa wavo akashinga kuita chisungo, nechikonzero chekuti kuremekedza mutongo iwoyo kwaizokonzera Grexit. Izvi hazvina kufanana nekudaidza vanhu kuti vape mutongo pane rekodhi yekupikisa kwakasimba kune yakakundikana chirongwa chehupfumi chinoita kukuvadza kusingaverengeki kuhupfumi hwemagariro eGreece. Chikumbiro kune vavhoti kuti vamutsigire, uye sarudzo yake kuzvipira, sehuipi hudiki.
Hurukuro yakabvunza vadzidzi vapfumbamwe vane mukurumbira kuti mibvunzo yavo yaive yei kumurume anozvitsanangura se "nyanzvi yezvehupfumi". Mhinduro dzake dzinoratidza kuzvidemba pamusoro pemaitiro ake panguva ye2015 inoshamisa, kuongororwa kwesimba reFrance muEurope, kutya remangwana reSyriza, maonero ekuti Syriza yapera, uye kusava nechokwadi pamusoro pekuti Jeremy Corbyn angave akabudirira sei semutungamiri weBritain. Bato revashandi.
Anton Muscatelli, Yunivhesiti yeGlasgow - Nei mutungamiriri weGreek Alexis Tsipras akanyengetedzwa kuti agamuchire pre-mamiriro eEU akatenderedza nhaurirano dzechitatu dzekubvisa mari kunyangwe nekukunda kwakasimba kwereferendamu yeNo campaign; uye uku ndiko kuguma kwenzira yebapiro re-anti-austerity reSyriza muGreece?
Varoufakis: Mhinduro yaTsipras ndeyokuti akashamiswa nekutsunga kwehurumende yeEurope kuranga vavhoti veGreece nekuita hurongwa hwegurukota rezvemari reGermany Wolfgang Schรคuble hwekusundira Greece kunze kweEurozone, kugadzirisazve mari yeGreece mubhangi yakanga isati yagadzirira, uye kunyange. kurambidza kushandiswa kwemaeuro muGreece. Kutyisidzirwa uku, zvisineyi nekuti vaivimbika here kana kuti kwete, zvakakuvadza zvisingaverengeki mufananidzo weEuropean Union senharaunda yemarudzi uye zvakakonzera mhirizhonga kuburikidza nekusawirirana kweiyo eurozone.
Sezvaungangove wakanzwa, pausiku hwereferendamu, handina kubvumirana naTsipras pakuongorora kwake kwekuvimbika kwekutyisidzirwa uku ndikasiya basa segurukota rezvemari. Asi kunyange dai ndakakanganisa panyaya yekuvimbika kwekutyisidzira kwetroika, kutya kwangu kukuru kwaiva, uye kunoramba kuripo, kuti bato redu, Syriza, raizotsemurwa nesarudzo yekuita chimwe chirongwa chekuzvinyima chemhando iyo. takasarudzwa kupikisa. Iko zvino zvave pachena kuti kutya kwangu kwaiva kwakarurama.
Roy Bailey, Yunivhesiti yeEssex - Ko referendamu yekushamisika yaChikunguru 5 yakaitwa senzira yekutyisidzira kutaurirana kuri kuitika pakati peGreece nevakweretesi vayo uye gore rapfuura rakakonzera kuti ugadzirise mafungire aunoita nezve Game Theory?
Varoufakis: Ndichafanira kukuodza mwoyo Roy {Chinyorwa chemupepeti: Roy Bailey akadzidzisa Varoufakis kuEssex uye akapa zano paPhD yake}. Sezvandakanyora mune imwe New York Times op-ed, Dzidziso yeMutambo haina kumbove yakakosha. Inoshanda kune kudyidzana uko vavariro dziri exogenous uye chinangwa ndechekugadzira nzira dzakakwana dzebluffing uye kutyisidzira kunovimbika, kupihwa ruzivo rwuripo. Basa redu raive rakasiyana: raive rekunyengetedza "rimwe divi" kuti richinje kukurudzira kwavo vis-ร -vis Greece.
Ndakamiririra nyika diki, inotambura mugore rayo rechitanhatu rakatevedzana rekuderera kwakadzika dzika. Kubhejera neramangwana revanhu vedu kungave kusave nehanya. Saka handina. Panzvimbo pezvo, takadudza izvo zvataifunga kuti zvine musoro, zvinoenderana nezvido zvevakweretesi vedu. Uye ipapo takamira zvedu. Apo troika yakatisundira mukona, ichindiratidza chirevo musi waChikumi 25 nguva pfupi yadarika tisati tavhara mabhanga eGreece pasi, takanyatsoitarisa tikagumisa kuti isu takanga tisina mvumo yekuigamuchira (zvichipa kuti yaive isingaite zvehupfumi. ) kana kuiramba (uye kurwisana neEurope yepamutemo). Panzvimbo iyoyo isu takasarudza kuita chimwe chinhu chakaipisisa: kuisa kune vanhu vechiGreek kuti vasarudze.
Chekupedzisira, pane imwe pfungwa, iyo "nzvimbo yekutyisidzira" mumubvunzo wako inoreva John Nash's bargaining solution iyo inobva pane axiom yekusapokana pakati pemapato. Nenzira inosuruvarisa, hatina kuva noumbozha hwokuita fungidziro iyoyo.
Cristina Flesher Fominaya, Yunivhesiti yeAberdeen - Kudyidzana pakati peGreece neEU kwaiita semakwikwi pakati pedemocracy nemabhanga, pane nhaurirano pakati peEU nenyika iri nhengo. Tichifunga mhedzisiro, pane here zvidzidzo zvaungatora kubva kune izvi kune mamwe mapato eEurope anopokana nezvinokoshera zvezvematongerwo enyika?
Varoufakis: Rega nditaure izvi zvakasiyana. Yakanga iri makwikwi pakati pekodzero dzevakweretesi kutonga nyika ine chikwereti uye kodzero yedemocracy yevagari venyika yakataurwa kuti vazvitonge. Wataura chokwadi kuti hapana kumbove nenhaurirano pakati peEU neGreece senhengo yeEU. Isu takanga tichikurukurirana netroika yevanokweretesa, International Monetary Fund, European Central Bank uye European Central Commission isina simba zvachose mumamiriro ezvinhu eboka risina kurongeka, Eurogroup, isina mitemo yakananga, pasina maminetsi ekutongwa, uye zvachose pasi pechigunwe. yemumwe gurukota rezvemari uye troika yevanokweretesa.
Pamusoro pazvo, troika yakakamurwa zvakanyanya, iine zvakawanda zvinopokana zvirongwa, mhedzisiro yaive yekuti "matemu ekuzvipira" avakaisa patiri, kutaura zvishoma, kuda kuziva: chibvumirano chakaiswa nevakweretesi vakatsunga kuisa zvinhu zvinovimbisa kuti. isu tine chikwereti hatigoni kuripa. Saka, chidzidzo chikuru chinofanira kudzidzwa kubva mumwedzi mishoma yapfuura ndechekuti zvematongerwo enyika dzeEurope hadzisi kana nezvehuori. Kana kuti, sezva Nicholas Kaldor akanyora muThe New Statesman muna 1971, kuedza kupi nokupi kuvaka mubatanidzwa wezvemari musati mabatanidzwa ezvamatongerwe enyika anoguma ane hurongwa hwemari hunotyisa hunoita kuti mubatanidzwa wezvamatongerwe enyika uome zvikuru. Husterity uye kushomeka kwedemocracy kunotyisa zviratidzo.
Panicos Demetriades, Yunivhesiti yeLeicester - Wakambofunga here kuti meseji yako yanga ichideredzwa kana kuita ruzha, kana kusapindirana, nekupa hurukuro dzakawanda kudaro?
Varoufakis: Ehe. Ndakademba kubvunzurudzwa kwakawanda, kunyanya apo vatori venhau vaibatanidzwa vakaita rusununguko rwandakanga ndisingafungire. Asi regai ndiwedzerewo kuti "ruzha" rungadai rwakakunda kunyangwe ndikapa mabvunzurudzo mashoma. Chokwadi mutambo wenhau wakagadzirirwa kupikisa hurumende yedu, uye ini pachangu, nenzira isingatarisirwi uye inosemesa. Zvikumbiro zviri pakati nepakati uye zvine mutsindo zvakafuratirwa ukuwo vezvenhau vachinyanya kutaura zvisina maturo uye kukanganisa. Kupa kubvunzurudza kwandaizoti, kusvika pamwero wakati, kudzora zviri mukati ndiyo yaive nzira yangu chete. Ndatarisana nechirongwa chenhau chine โruzhaโ chine chekuita nekupondwa kwevanhu, ndakakanganisa kuratidzwa zvakanyanya.
Simon Wren-Lewis, Yunivhesiti yeOxford - Zvingave zvakagoneka here kuti France ine simba ipe huremu hunoshanda kuGermany muEurogroup, kana Germany yaigara iine ruzhinji kudivi rayo?
Varoufakis: Hurumende yeFrance inonzwa kuti ine ruoko rusina simba. Zvayo dhefisiti inoramba iri mukati menharaunda yezvinonzi yakawandisa deficit maitiro yeEuropean Commission, iyo inoisa Pierre Moscovici, mutungamiri weEurope wezvehupfumi nehupfumi, uye gurukota rezvemari reFrance, panguva yakaoma yekuita zvakaoma paParis pasi pekutariswa kwaWolfgang Schรคuble, gurukota rezvemari reGermany.
Ichokwadi zvakare, sezvaunotaura, kuti Eurogroup "yakasonanidzwa" zvachose naSchรคuble. Zvakangodaro, France yaive nemukana wekushandisa dambudziko reGreece kuitira kushandura mitemo yemutambo uyo France isingazombohwina. Hurumende yeFrance, nekudaro, yakarasikirwa nemukana mukuru wekuzvipa kugadzikana mukati memari imwe chete. Mhedzisiro, ndinotya, ndeyokuti Paris ichakurumidza kutarisana nehutongi hwakashata, zvichida mamiriro ezvinhu apo mutungamiri weEurogroup akapiwa masimba makuru eveto pamusoro pehurumende yeFrance bhajeti. Inguva yakareba sei, kana izvi zvikaitika, iyo European Union inogona kupona pakudzoka kwehurudzi hwakaipa munzvimbo dzakaita seFrance?
Kamal Munir, Yunivhesiti yeCambridge - Iwe waigara uchireva kuti izvo zvaiitika mumisangano yako netroika (IMF, ECB neEuropean Commission) zvaive zvehupfumi chete pamusoro. Nechemumoyo waive mutambo wezvematongerwo enyika waitambwa. Haufungi here kuti tiri kuita zvisina basa kuvadzidzi vedu nekuvadzidzisa mhando yehupfumi iyo yakanyatso kubviswa kubva kuchokwadi ichi?
Varoufakis: Kudai humwe hupfumi hwaizobuda mumisangano yedu netroika, ndingafara! Hapana akaita.
Kunyange apo kuchinja kwehupfumi kwakakurukurwa, pakanga pasina kumbove nekuongorora kwehupfumi. Nhaurirano dzakapera pamwero wemitemo uye zvinangwa zvakabvumiranwa. Ndakaona ndave kutaura pane zvimwe zvinhu nevandaikurukura navo. Vaizotaura zvinhu zvakaita sekuti: "Mitemo pane yekutanga yasara inotsanangura kuti yako inofanirwa kunge iri 3.5% yeGDP mukati menguva yepakati." Ini ndinoedza kuita nhaurirano yezvehupfumi inokurudzira kuti mutemo uyu unofanirwa kugadziriswa nekuti, semuenzaniso, iyo 3.5% yekutanga tarisiro ye2018 inogona kuderedza kukura nhasi, kuwedzera chikwereti-ku-GDP ratio nekukasira uye kuita kuti zvisaite kuzadzisa zvataurwa. chinangwa kusvika 2018.
Nharo dzehupfumi dzakadaro dzakatorwa sekutuka. Pane imwe nguva ndakapomerwa "kuvadzidzisa" pane macroeconomics. Pamubvunzo wako wedzidziso: kunyangwe chiri chokwadi kuti isu tinodzidzisa vadzidzi rudzi rwehupfumi hwakagadzirirwa kusaona kune chaihwo huripo capitalism, chokwadi chinoramba chiripo chekuti hapana mhando yemafungiro ehupfumi ehupfumi, kunyangwe neoclassical economics, inogona kusvika kuzvikamu zve. iyo Eurogroup iyo inoita sarudzo dzakakosha kuseri kwemasuo akavharwa.
Mariana Mazzucato, Yunivhesiti yeSussex - Dambudziko muGreece (chikonzero charo nemhedzisiro) rakaratidza sei kutadza kweneoclassical economic theory pane zvese micro uye macro level?
Varoufakis: Vasina kudzidza vanogona kushamiswa kunzwa kuti macroeconomic models anodzidziswa kumayunivhesiti epamusoro haana chikwereti chakaunganidzwa, hapana urovha hwekuzvidira uye, chokwadi, hapana mari (ine mitengo inoratidzira imwe nzira yekuchinjana). Chengetedza zvimwe zvezvishoma zvinokatyamadza izvo zvinoda uye kugovera zvinofungidzirwa kukurumidza kuburitsa, iwo mamodhi akanyanya anodzidziswa kune anopenya evadzidzi anofunga kuti mari yekuchengeta inongoshanduka kuita mari inobatsira, ichisiya nzvimbo yematambudziko.
Zvinoita kuti zviome kana vakapedza kufunda ava vanotarisana nechokwadi. Ivo vari kurasikirwa, semuenzaniso, pavanoona Kuchengetedza kweGerman kunodarika zvachose kudyara kweGerman apo Mari yeGreek inodarika mari yaakachengeta panguva ye "nguva dzakanaka" (pamberi pa2008) asi inodonha kusvika zero panguva yedambudziko.
Kuenda kune iyo micro level, iyo yekucherechedza iyo, munyaya yeGreece, chaiyo muhoro wakadzikira ne40% asi basa rakadzikira zvakanyanya, nepo kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwakaramba kwakapfava, inoratidza muTechnicolor kuti nzira yemicroeconomics haina maturo sei kushaikwa kwenheyo huru.
Tim Bale, Queen Mary University yeLondon - Unoona here kufanana pakati pako naJeremy Corbyn, anoita sekunge angahwina (UK) hutungamiriri hweVashandi, uye unofunga kuti bato rekuruboshwe revanhu rinokwanisa kuhwina sarudzo pasi pekutanga-yapfuura-the-post system. ?
Varoufakis: Kufanana kwandinonzwa ndakasununguka kutaura ndekwekuti Corbyn neni, pamwe, takasangana pakuratidzira kwakawanda tichipokana nehurumende yeTory ndichigara muBritain muma1970 nema1980, uye tinogovana maonero mazhinji maererano nedambudziko rakawira vashandi vekuBritain sezvo simba rakachinja. kubva pakugadzira kusvika kumari. Nekudaro, zvimwe zvese zvienzaniso zvinofanirwa kuchengetedzwa.
Syriza yaive bato rakasimba reKuruboshwe iro rakahwina zvishoma kudarika 4% yevhoti muna 2009. Kusimuka kwedu kunoshamisa kwakakonzerwa nekudonha kwe "centre" yezvematongerwo enyika yakakonzerwa nekusagutsikana kwakakurumbira paGreat Depression nekuda kwemari imwe chete iyo isina kumbobvira yagadzirirwa kuchengetedza dambudziko repasi rose, uye nekuramba masimba-izvo-izvo izvi. zvakanga zvakadaro.
Kusandunuka kukuru kwakapihwa neBhangi reEngland kuhurumende dzeBritain dzaGordon Brown uye naDavid Cameron kwakadzivirira rudzi rwekukanganisa magariro nehupfumi kwakatungamira Syriza kuti atore masimba uye, mupfungwa iyi, bato rekuruboshwe rakafanana risingaite muBritain. Chokwadi, nhoroondo yeBato reLabour, uye simba remukati, ndine chokwadi, richamanikidza anokunda Jeremy Corbyn nenzira isingazivikanwe kuSyriza.
Tichitendeukira kune yekutanga-past-the-post system, dai yakashandiswa muno muGreece, ingadai yakapa bato redu ruzhinji rwakapwanyika muparamende. Naizvozvo, hachisi chokwadi kuti kutadza kwesarudzo dzeLabour kunokonzerwa nehurongwa uhu.
Chekupedzisira, nditendere kuti ndikurudzire kungwarira nezwi rekuti "populist". Syriza haana kuisa kune vavhoti veGreek chirongwa chevanhu. "Populists" vanoedza kuva zvinhu zvose kuvanhu vose. Mabhenefiti edu akavimbiswa anotambanudzirwa kune avo vanotambira mari isingasviki ยฃ500 pamwedzi. Kana ichida kuve nemukurumbira, Labor haikwanise kuve populist kana.
Mark Taylor, Yunivhesiti yeWarwick - Unobvuma here kuti Greece haizadzisi maitiro ekuve nhengo yakabudirira yemubatanidzwa wemari neEurope yese? Hazvingave zviri nani here kana vakasiya ikozvino pane kungonyora mapepa pamusoro pekutsemuka uye kumirira imwe dambudziko rehupfumi reGreek kuti riitike mumakore mashoma?
Varoufakis: Magadzirirwo eeurozone aive akadaro zvekuti kunyangwe France neItaly vaisagona kubudirira mukati mayo. Pasi pemagadzirirwo emasangano azvino chete mubatanidzwa wemari kumabvazuva kweRhine uye kuchamhembe kweAlps ungave wakagadzikana. Maiwe, ingaite mubatanidzwa usingabatsiri kuGermany, sezvo yaizotadza kuidzivirira kubva pakuongororwa nguva dzose mukupindura kusara kwayo kwekutengeserana.
Zvino, kana neโmuteuroโ wawaireva iyo Maastricht miganhu, zviri pachena kuti Girisi haina kuzvizadzisa. Asi zvakare zvakare kana Italy kana Belgium hazvina kudaro. Sezvineiwo, Spain neIreland dzakazadzisa maitiro uye, zvechokwadi, pakazosvika 2007 hurumende dzeMadrid neDublin dzainyoresa kushomeka, zvikwereti uye inflation nhamba iyo, maererano nemaitiro epamutemo, yaive nani pane yeGermany. Uye zvakadaro pakaitika dambudziko, Spain neIreland dzakanyura mumatope. Muchidimbu, eurozone yakanga yakanyatsogadzirirwa munhu wese. Kwete kuGreece chete.
Saka tinofanira kucheka kurasikirwa kwedu tobuda? Kuti tipindure nemazvo tinofanira kunzwisisa musiyano uripo pakati pekutaura kuti Greece, nedzimwe nyika, dzaisafanira kunge dzakapinda muEurozone, uye kutaura zvino kuti isu tinofanira kubuda. Tichiisa tekinoroji, isu tine nyaya ye hysteresis: kana nyika yatora nzira yekupinda eurozone, iyo nzira yakanyangarika mushure mekusikwa kweeuro uye chero kuedza kudzosera kumashure iyo, ikozvino isipo, nzira inogona kutungamira mukudonha kukuru mawere akareba.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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