Mhosva dzeHondo dzeUS: 10+ Makore Ekufa uye Kuparadza mukati Afuganisitani, 8+ Makore Ekufa uye Kuparadza mukati Iraki
Jonathan Gillis
Nyamavhuvhu 15 2011 (Yakagadziridzwa Gumiguru 13, 18-21 2011)
Kana mudzvinyiriri aparadza vavengi vatorwa kubudikidza
kukunda kana chibvumirano, uye hapana chekutya kubva kwavari;
ipapo anogara achimutsa dzimwe hondo kana zvimwewo;
kuti vanhu vawane mutungamiriri.
--Plato
Humbowo hwehwaro uye pfungwa dzakadzikira kuti munhu ashuve
funga neruzhinji kana ruzhinji, nekuda kwekuti
vazhinji ndivo vazhinji. Chokwadi hachichinji nekuti ndizvo,
kana kuti hazvitendwe neruzhinji rwevanhu.
โโGiordano Bruno
The nyika dzakabatana kurwisa kwe Afuganisitani uye Iraki, kutanga Gumiguru 7 2001 uye Kurume 19 2003 zvine ruremekedzo, uye mabasa akatevera, aive, uye akajeka "Mhosva Dzinopesana neRugare" zvichiteerana nemutemo wenyika dzakawanda. Ose ari maviri ihondo dzehumambo dzehutsinye dzakatangwa uye dzakaramba dzichiwedzera nekuchengetedza US hegemony; Hondo dzose dziri mbiri hadzisi pamutemo uye hadzina hunhu (zvichipihwa chirevo, uye kusvika chero kupi, kuti chero hondo inogona kunzi yakanyoreswa zviri pamutemo kana tsika). Mhosva dzeHondo neMhosva dzinopesana neHumanity mhedzisiro (kuisa parutivi mabhomba ekutanga emuchadenga uye nekupinda kwepasi pachako), kusanganisira pakati perukova rwevamwe, Abu Gharib, Fallujah, Nisour Square, hupanduki, kupokana, kupetwa kwekushaya chikafu chevana ( zvese zviri munyaya yeIraq chete), kubva kuhugaro hweUS muAfghanistan neIraq, anofumura chero rhetoric yerubatsiro uye anobvisa chero zvirevo zvinogoneka mukuregererwa, maererano nechero nhanho inogamuchirika yehunhu hwakakosha.
Kubata kweUS kweAfghanistan neIraq---ayo ari kuenderera mberi nekuparwa kwemhosva neunzenza, nevatariri veHumambo hweUS, kubva kuBush kuenda kuhutongi hwaObama, uye hutongi hwakapfuura hwehutongi hwejekerere, kuchengetedza kuenderera kwegwaro nekuita sekunge kusava nemhosva, mutemo. iyo yakonzera kuuraya kukuru uye yakagadzira mamiriro ekufa kwevazhinji nekuparadzwa--ine mukati mawo mienzaniso chaiyo yerufu nekuparadzwa, uye maitiro edzidziso yevarevereri kwavari, yakatekeshera, zvakaoma kuona tsika yemasangano sechinhu chero chipi zvacho kunze kwe psychopathic maniac. Pakukodzera kudonongodza mhosva dzakadai, hazvigoneke kuti tipfuure chitarisiko chenguva dzose kuti tivharidzire huipi hwehurongwa, huipi hunofanira kumiswa uye kudzoserwa shure kana tichida kutarisa muchionioni nekusiyanisa hunhu hwevanhu.
Rufu uye kuparadzwa kwakaitwa vanhu veAfghanistan neIraq, kwaitika, uye kuri kuitika, nekuti, pakati pezvimwe zvikonzero zvakawanda, zvimwe zvisiri pachena sevamwe, oiri uye kutonga kwekugadzira, pamwe nekushaikwa kwekugadzira hondo. uye mabhindauko ehondo ane pundutso. Kunyangwe hugandanga hweUS husina kuganhurirwa kuAfghanistan neIraq, mukuda kuedza kumwe kutongwa, mhosva uye unzenza hweUS kurwisa Libya, Syria, Pakistan, Yemen, nekumwewo kuMiddle East, North Africa, South Asia, uye zvichingodaro, zvinofanira kuiswa parutivi.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti Mhosva Dzinopesana neRunyararo, iyo yehondo yechisimba, inoonekwa se "mhosva huru yepasirese inosiyana chete nedzimwe mhosva dzehondo mukuti mukati mayo mune huipi hwakaunganidzwa hwese" maererano nemisimboti yeNuremberg. Nemamwe manzwi, mhirizhonga yese yakaitika muAfghanistan neIraq ibasa rekupfupisa rekutonga nekukoloni, kunze kweavo vanhu nemapoka akanyatso kuita mhirizhonga; kusvika pamwero wekuti chero mutoro, uye kururamisira, ndezvechokwadi, zvinotsigirwa, uye zvinoteedzerwa kuburikidza netsika nemutemo zvimiro zvagara zviripo kana kuti zvinoda kutangwa. Vapambi havana kodzero, mabasa kune avo vakabatwa nechisimba chete, kana mhosva iri yechokwadi, yakatsigirwa, uye yakazadzikiswa mune yemutemo uye yetsika nemaitiro ehutongi hwepasirese.
"Vavengi" vetsika vane masimba, vanochinja nekuchimbidza pamwe chete nezvido zveUS hegemonic (Osama bin Laden, maTaliban, Saddam Hussein, naMumanar Quadafi, nevateveri vavo mukuvimbika, yese mienzaniso mikuru inouya mupfungwa, pakuti vaive vese vanodyidzana veUS vakapihwa rutsigiro rwemauto uye nerumwe rutsigiro, kune madhigirii akasiyana kwenguva dzakasiyana, vasati vanyeverwa kune imwe yekunyepedzera kana imwe), vakashanda, uye vari kushanda mumamiriro ezvinhu akasikwa, uye acharamba aripo, sekunge mauto eUS uye axis yayo yehumambo inoda kutora Afghanistan neIraq, uye inoteedzera nekumanikidza neoliberal uye neoconservative marongero.
Kunze kwezvishoma, pave pasina kana nhaurirano yakakomba munhau dzemazuva ese, yekusatenderwa uye kusazvibata kweiyo. US kurwisa, kupinda, mabasa anotevera uye anoenderana Afuganisitani uye Iraki--mubairo unofanotaurwa uye wakarongwa weiyo yakanyanya kuomesesa yemubatanidzwa dzidziso system. Chivharo chemagazini yeTime, Chikunguru 28 2008 chinozivisa, โAfghanistan: Hondo Yakarurama Sei Madokero ari kukundikana ikoko, uye zvekuita nezvazvo โ. Mubvunzo wemutemo kana hunhu hwehondo yeAfghanistan hautenderwe mukati mechikamu chakangotsanangurwa chine musoro chenhaurirano yedzidziso; nei Madokero, iyo United States iri "kukundikana" ikoko, nechirevo che "kukundikana" pasina mubvunzo kunobvumirwa, kuburikidza nesimba iro rinogamuchirwa, mumakwikwi akaomeswa ekukurukurirana kwevakuru vakadzidza, mubvunzo unogona kubvunzwa, uye inopindurwa zviri nyore, mhinduro dzisiri dzetsika, asi dzehupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika uye zvehunyanzvi kukosha.
Kune "yakanyanya kutadza kutadza" makondirakiti ekudzivirira, Lockheed Martin, General Dynamics, Raytheon, Northrop-Grumman neBoeing, West, kunyanya, United States, haisi "kukundikana" muAfghanistan, kana muIraq, kana kumwewo. iyo nyaya. Muchokwadi, hondo dziri muAfghanistan neIraq, pamwe ne "Pentagon's voracious appetite yezvombo zvinodhura masisitimu, uye kushomeka kwemakwikwi pakati pevasara makondirakiti - vanga vari mugodhi wegoridhe weBig Five".[1] Pakati pemamwe makambani mazhinji anosanganisira ane mukurumbira wakashata Blackwater, kubvira payakadzokororwa Xe Services, iyo semakore mashoma apfuura yaive ne "masoja akazvimirira anopfuura zviuru zviviri nemazana matatu akaiswa munyika pfumbamwe, kusanganisira muUnited States" uye akachengetedza "database yevaimbova 2,300 vaimbova Special Forces. mauto, masoja, nevamiriri vemitemo vakasiya basa vavaikwanisa kufonera pachinguvanaโ pamwe ne โzvikepe zvepachivande zvendege dzinopfuura makumi maviri, kusanganisira zvikepe zvechikopokopoโ sezvakataurwa naJeremy Scahill mubhuku rake rakahwina mubairo. Blackwater.[2] Private makondirakiti muIraq (sezvinoita semuAfghanistan) akashanda, uye anoenderera mberi achishanda, asina mhosva yakakwana nekuda kweOrder 17, iyo L. Paul Bremer, US "Administrator weIraq" kubva 2003-2004, yakapihwa June 27 2004 . Murume akasika uto iri pachake, Eric Prince ane mukurumbira wakashata, aimbove chisimbiso, โmuKristu ane simba guru rekurudyiโ[3] inogamuchirwa nevakawanda mukati mekutanga. PaGumiguru 2 2007 congressional hearing-- yakakurudzirwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuurayiwa kwevanhu vakawanda paNisour Square musi waGunyana 16 2007 pakaurayiwa vanhu gumi nevanomwe vekuIraq (kupondwa kwaizova izwi rakanyatsojeka) uye vangangoita makumi maviri nemana vakakuvadzwa, mushure memurwi wemauto eBlackwater. zvisina tsarukano uye pasina kudenha akapfura zvombo zvinorema munzira dzakawanda[4]-- kuurayiwa kweNisour Square hakuna kubvumidzwa kuunzwa mumutsara wekubvunzurudzwa. Sezvineiwo, kutsanangura chiitiko ichi sechinhu chero chipi zvacho kunze kwekupondwa kwevanhu hakuna kunaka zvachose.
Zvakaringana, husiku husati hwatongwa, "Dhipatimendi reJustice raAlberto Gonzale rakazivisa kuti rakanga ratanga kuferefeta kwemhosva muchiitiko ichi", kwete panguva chaiyo kune vakabatwa neNisour Square, asi ipapo, vakabatwa nemhosva dzeUS hazvisi izvo zvinonyanya kukosha. Rep. Henry Waxman, sachigaro wedare reCongress, akateerera chikumbiro cheDhipatimendi re "Ruramisiro", kunyange zvazvo mamwe mazwi anokosha uye mibvunzo yakapiwa, zvichida mamwe ayo akanga ari panzvimbo yeayo angave akapiwa maererano nekuurayiwa kwevanhu. Nisour Square, vakabvumirwa kukurukurwa here.[5] Mumashoko ekutanga aWaxman akataura kuti kubva muna 2000, Blackwater yaingova nemadhora mazana maviri nemakumi mana ezviuru muzvibvumirano zvehurumende. Kubva ipapo, yakagamuchira anopfuura bhiriyoni emadhora muzvibvumirano zvemubatanidzwa. Inopfuura hafu yezvibvumirano izvi zvakapihwa pasina makwikwi akazara uye akavhurika. " Waxman akataurawo nezvechiitiko chaDecember 204,000, 24 apo mumwe mushandi wepabasa "akadhakwa weBlackwater kontrakta akapfura [ari pabasa] murindi wemutevedzeri wemutungamiri weIraqi [kurufu]." Mhondi, achifarira kusarongerwa mhosva yake, aingove mumwe we "vashandi zana nemakumi maviri nevaviri veBlackwater", panguva iyoyo vaive "chikamu chechinomwe chevashandi vekambani ... Irakiโ, izvo "zvakagumiswa nekuda kwehunhu husina kunaka." Rep. Dennis Kucinich akabvuma kuti โainetseka zvikuru kuti Dhipatimendi reHurumende rinoita serakaedza kuvanza kuurayiwa kweBlackwater pane kutsvaka mishonga yakakodzera.โ Mucherechedzo wakakodzera uchifunga, kuti zvisungo zveBlackwater zvinosanganisira[d] kuchengetedzeka kwevamiriri vazhinji kusanganisira kubva kuDhipatimendi reHurumende, mushandirwi wavo. Akataura zvakare, kuti zvine musoro kana "hondo yakavharirwa, saka makondirakiti ega ega ane chido chekuchengetedza hondo."[6]
Bush paakatora chigaro, "kudzivirira" (izwi iri riri mukotesheni nekuti izita risiri iro rakapihwa Orwellian chirevo) kushandisa mari yaive mabhiriyoni mazana matatu emadhora pagore. Pakazosvika 300 yaingodarika $2004 Billion. Parizvino, US "kudzivirira" kushandisa mari inopfuura $700 bhiriyoni pagore.[7] Kunyangwe zviverengero zvese izvi zviri kurasisa nekuti hazvisanganisi zvirongwa zvezvombo zvenyukireya uye kuwanda neDhipatimendi reMagetsi, bhajeti reDhipatimendi reHomeland Security, mabhiriyoni emadhora mu "rubatsiro rwemauto ekunze" kuIsrael pakati pevamwe vakawanda vanogamuchira, zvichingodaro. pamusoro, zvose izvo, kana kuverenga kwakarurama kwaizosvika, kwaizobatanidzwa muhuwandu hwe "defense" bhajeti. Nyanzvi yezvehupfumi Robert Higgs yakasvika pamari yakati siyanei yebhajeti ye "defence" yegore remari 2002 na2004 izvo zvinonyatsoisa zvinhu mumaonero akarongeka. Maererano nekuverenga kwake, madhora anoda kusvika mabhiriyoni 600 emadhora akashandiswa paโkuzvidziviriraโ muna 2002. Uyezve, akataura kuti โhwerengedzo huru kwazvo mugore rezvemari ra2004 [yaizo]svika mari inoshamisa inoda kusvika mabhiriyoni 754 emadhoraโkana kuti 88 muzana kupfuura. mabhiriyoni 401.3 emadhora anoziviswa zvikuruโpamwe chete, chokwadika, mari ipi neipi yokuwedzera yokuwedzera ingabvumirwa gore rezvemari risati rapera.โ[8] Izvi zvinotevera, ikozvino, iyo US inogona kushandisa mari inopfuura bhiriyoni yemadhora pa "kudzivirira", kana zvakanyanya, hegemony yemauto epasi rose. Zviri nani kurova, uye kuvhiringidza, zvichipihwa izvo US anenge apedza mari yakawanda pane zvechiuto kudarika nyika yose yabatanidzwa. China, nemauto echipiri pakukura pasi rose, anoshandisa chitsama chakati dukusa kana tichienzanisa, kunyange zvazvo nhamba iyoyo iri kuramba ichikura nokukurumidza. Uyezve, hazvingashamisi kudzidza, kuti US ndiye mutengesi mukuru wezvombo pasi rose, dai chaive chinhu chakakurukurwa, chisiri chokwadi chisingatarisirwe kana kurumbidzwa kwe "kuchengetedzwa kwenyika" uye "kugadzikana kwedunhu" kuchiridzwa muhoro dzenhare dzemasimba.
US-UN zvirango zvakatemerwa Iraq muna 1990, chiyero chekuranga nekuti Saddam Hussein akabuda mumutsara; nekupinda muKuwait muna 1990, akange asisiri mubatsiri weUS akasimba (kupihwa rubatsiro rwemauto nerumwe ruyamuro), kunyangwe mukuzivikanwa kweveruzhinji, panguva iyoyo aive "muvengi" aifanira kubatwa naye. Kufungidzira kwekufa kweIraq kwakakonzerwa nehutongi hwezvirango kubva pamazana akati wandei kusvika pakufa kwemamiriyoni 1.5. Mubvunzurudzo yaMay 12, 1996 yeMaminitsi makumi matanhatu, paakabvunzwa kana mutengo wezvirango zveUS kuIraq waive wakakodzera, kureva kuti vana 60 vangangove vakafa, zvichireva kuti "vana vazhinji kupfuura vakafa muHiroshima"[9], Ambassador Madeline Albright, akagadzwa seMunyori weNyika wehutongi hwaClinton muna Zvita wegore iroro, vakapindura vachiti, "...iyi isarudzo yakaoma, asi mutengo-tinofunga kuti mutengo wakakodzera."[10]
Kunze kwezvidiki, hapana kana chifukidziro chebvunzurudzo kana zvirango zveUS-UN zvinopesana Iraki. Imwe ongororo inoratidzika kunge yakaenda zvisina kufuratirwa yakagumisa kuti pakanga paine 227,713 "yakawandisa" kufa kweVana veIraqi kubva 1990 kusvika 1998.[11]
Chikoro cheBloomberg cheHutano hweHurumende pa Johns Hopkins yunivhesiti yakaburitsa chidzidzo chekufa kwe Iraki kubva 2002-2006. Zvakawanikwa zvakaratidza kuti kubva muna Kurume 2003 โโฆ kusvika muna Chikunguru 2006, pave [inofungidzirwa kuti] 654,965 vakafa zvakanyanya mu Iraki semugumisiro wehondo kubva kune zvikonzero zvose. " Inofungidzirwa kufa kwe601,027 kwakakonzerwa nezvikonzero zvechisimba, nepo 53,938 "yakawandisa" kufa kwakakonzerwa nezvikonzero zvisiri zvechisimba.[12] Idzi rufu dzinonzi "dzakawandisa" nekuti dzingadai dzisina kuitika dai pasina US kurwisa nebasa.
Maererano neongororo yakaitwa neve London inobva Opinion Research Business, vanofungidzirwa kuti 1,033,239 Iraqis vakaurayiwa pakati paKurume 2003 naNyamavhuvhu 2007 semugumisiro we US kurwisa nebasa.[13] Zvinoreva kuti, vanhu vanopfuura miriyoni, vangadai vasina kuuraiwa nechisimba, dai zvisiri zveUS kudira mafuta, zvimwe zviwanikwa, mapaipi, kudzora kwemusika wesimba repasi rose, zvichingodaro, pakati penguva iyo ongororo yakaitwa.
Chidzidzo chekufa chakaburitswa mune mukurumbira UK bhuku rezvokurapa, The Lancet muna 2004 vakagumisa kuti "[m] kutora fungidziro dzekuchengetedza ... dzinenge 100 000 kufa zvakanyanyisa, kana kupfuura kwakaitika kubva pakurwiswa kwe2003. Iraki. Mhirizhonga ndiyo yakakonzera kufa kwakawanda uye kurova kwemhepo kubva kumauto emubatanidzwa kwakakonzera kufa kwechisimba kwakawanda. "[14] Zviri pachena kuti pamberi pe US kupinda nechisimba, chisimba chaive chisiri chikonzero chikuru chekufa kwevaIraqi. Vanyori vakatsanangura muchidimbu kuti "[t] iye Geneva Kokorodzano ane nhungamiro yakajeka pamusoro pemabasa ekutora mauto kune vanhuwo zvavo vavanotonga. Nyaya yekuti vanopfuura hafu yenzufu dzinonzi dzakakonzerwa nemauto vaiva vakadzi nevana chiri kukonzera kunetseka. Kunyanya, Convention IV, Chisungo 27 chinoti vanhu vakachengetedzwa '. . . nguva dzose achabatwa sevanhu, uye achadzivirirwa kunyanya pazviito zvechisimba . . .โ. Zvinoita sekunge zvakaoma kunzwisisa kuti uto remauto rinogona sei kuongorora kuti vanhuwo zvavo vanodzivirirwa sei pamhirizhonga pasina kurongeka zvine chekuita nemuviri kana kutarisa mhando dzekukuvara kwavanoita. โ[15]
Musi wa18 Kurume 2002, paBagram Air Base, Gen. Tommy Franks, mukuru wemauto. Afuganisitani hondo panguva iyoyo, inonzi yakataura kuti "... hatiite nhamba dzemuviri."[16] Kunyangwe ichokwadi kuti Pentagon haiverenge kuti vangani vanhu vakaurayiwa neUS muAfghanistan, neIraq, kana kwete-- pamwe isiri mamiriro asingafungidzirwe akapihwa simba iro "rakabudirira" hondo yakajairika inoyerwa mukati medzidziso, kureva chiyero chikuru che "muvengi akaurayiwa" --kune nhamba chaiyo yeUS nevemubatanidzwa vakafa. Zvinofanira kutaurwa, iyo US inova nechokwadi chekuti avo vainovavarira havana "nzvimbo yekutamba" saka zvine musoro kuti "kuverengera kwemuviri" kwe "muvengi" kungave kukanganisa, zvirinani kubva pakuona kwemukati kune dzidziso system. . Vatyairi veAir Force, vakapfeka masutu avo endege, vachishanda zvakaomarara zvemakombuta muNevada, vachidzora dhizaini zviuru zvemamaira nenzira, vachizadzisa hurongwa husina kujeka hwechirongwa chepasi rose chekuuraya, icho chakonzera zviuru zvevakadzi, vana nevarume. (muLibhiya, Syria, zvichingodaro) kuparadzwa nechisimba, kusanganisira vagari veUS; mumwe wemienzaniso mizhinji yemaitirwo ari kuitwa hondo yeUS vachishandisa simba risati ramboitika, uku kuseri kwezvombo zvepamusoro-soro. Tichifunga kuti pakati pezvimwe zvakawanda zvinotariswa, zvine musoro kufunga kuti "kuita nhamba yemuviri", kubva mukati memidziyo yehondo kungave chiitiko chisina kukosha nekuda kwekusaenzana kwenyeredzi, uye kusarura, kuuraya vanhuwo zvavo, uye vanopikisa Kugara kweUS muAfghanistan neIraq, uye kumwewo. Kureva kuti, kune miviri yakawandisa yekuverengera, uye vazhinji vevakabatwa US kuuraya kwakabviswa kune chirevo chakadaro, hapana muviri wekuverenga.
Munguva yese yekutanga yeUS yekubhomba mushandirapamwe we Afuganisitani mukupera kwa2001, mune chimwe chiitiko vanhu vangangoita zana vakaurayiwa sezvo musha wavo "wakatsvairwa" apo bhomba re100lb rakadzingwa kubva US jeti "yakapotsa" chinangwa chayo.[17] Muna Chikunguru we2002, vanhu vanosvika makumi mana nevasere vakaurayiwa uye vanosvika zana negumi nevanomwe vakakuvara, vazhinji kana vasiri vazhinji vavo vaive vakadzi nevana, apo pfuti yeUS AC-48 yakarwisa muchato weAfghan; iyo US haina kupa "ruregerero" nekuda kwe "akasiyana maakaunti ezvakaitika".[18] Mumwedzi yekutanga ya2003, vanhu gumi nemumwe chete, varume vanomwe nevakadzi vana, vakaurayiwa apo ndege yeUS Harrier AV-8 "yakadonhedza bhomba re1,000 pound laser-guided" sezviri pachena rakapotsa chinangwa chayaida.[19], "mutengo" werufu, nepo "chikanganiso", chiri chokwadi "chakakodzera".
Mukutanga kwaDecember 2003, vana vapfumbamwe veAfghan, kusanganisira vakomana vanomwe vane makore 8-12, uye vasikana vaviri vane makore 9 ne10, vakaurayiwa panguva yehondo. US kurwisa. Vakomana โvakanga vachitamba mabhuraโ pamberi peimwe imba, uye vasikana, Bibi Toara naBibi Tamama vakanga vave vachichera mvura murukova rwuri pedyo โapo jeti mbiri dzeAmerica dzeA-10 dzakarwisa [dzakaridza] maroketi nepfuti dzomuchinaโ.[20] Mukutanga kwa2004 vanosvika gumi nevaviri veAfghan vakaurayiwa, kusanganisira vana vana nevakadzi vatatu mune imwezve. US air raid.