Muna 2004, Mutungamiri Bush vakaedza kufadza vavhoti vangangove vakafinyamisa kumeso pazororo ravo refu nekusimbirira kuti 'aishanda nesimba.' Kubva ipapo, zvave pachena kuti maitiro ake ekushanda haana kukwana pazvinhu zvakakosha kubva mukuyamurwa mushure meHurricane Katrina uye. kuunza mhedzisiro inodiwa mu 'hondo yehugandanga,' kuisa pamberi pemhinduro dzinoshanda kudambudziko rehutano reUS kana kusimudzira hupfumi hwakashata.
Pave paine nyaya imwe chete, zvisinei, iyo hutongi hwaBush hwakashanda nesimba: kuedza kwenguva refu uye kunodhura kubvisa mutungamiri weVenezuela akasarudzwa nehutongi hweruzhinji Hugo Chavez. Sezvo sarudzo dzemunyika dzaZvita 3 dzeVenezuela dzichiswedera, umo Mutungamiri Chavez akamira kuti asarudzwe, hutongi hwaBush, huchityora mutemo weUS neVenezuelan, huri kupa rutsigiro rwemari, diplomatic, uye nehunyanzvi kune vanopikisa Chavez.
Bush agara achivenga Mutungamiri Chavez anozivikanwa. Mapepa ehurumende eUnited States akavanzika epamusoro akaburitswa kuburikidza nezvikumbiro zveRusununguko rweRuzivo rweMutemo anoratidza kuti manejimendi anopesana naChavez anogona kutotanga kurwiswa kwehugandanga kwaGunyana 11 uye kutangwa kwe "hondo yehugandanga." Sekureva kwekodzero dzevanhu uye munyori wezvemitemo wepasi rose. Eva Golinger, vatungamiri vekupandukira hurumende kwaApril 2002 vakasangana nevakuru veBush administration mwedzi mitanhatu yapfuura.
Golinger, akataura nePolitical Affairs kubva kuCaracas parunhare, akanyora bhuku ra2005 The Chavez Code: Cracking US Intervention in Venezuela. Yakaturikirwa mumitauro yakati wandei uye yakatengeswa pasirese, The Chavez Code yakaratidza zvizere basa rehurumende yeUS, kuburikidza nemauto ayo, nzira dzevamiriri, uye kuburikidza nemasangano anopa mari akaita seNational Endowment for Democracy (NED) neUS Agency for International Development (USAID), mukubatsira kuronga nekuita coup. Kuburikidza nebasa rayo mukusangana nemutungamiri wekupidigura hurumende, Pedro Carmona, kupihwa kwezvombo zvechiuto, uye kumanikidza hurumende dzematunhu kuti dzigamuchire kupidigura hurumende sezviri pamutemo, hutongi hwaBush hwakaita basa rakasimba, rakawanda muzviitiko zvisiri pamutemo.
Zvinyorwa zvakafukunurwa naGolinger panguva yekuferefetwa kwebhuku rake zvakaratidza kuti CIA yaiziva nezvehurongwa hwekupidigura hurumende: ita kuratidzira kwakawanda kwevanopikisa hutungamiriri, shandisa zvikamu zvemapurisa eCaracas anovimbika kune vanopikisa kumutsa mhirizhonga nekupfura. mhomho yevanhu, vanopomera mutungamiri wenyika VaChavez mhosva yemhirizhonga, vane mauto ane hukama nemauto eUS vanovapamba, vobva vati vasiya basa. Magwaro ehurumende yeUnited States anoratidza, Golinger anoti, โchikamu cherangano ichi chakanga chiri kupwisa veruzhinji, vezvenhau, nedzimwe hurumende kuti Chavez ndiye akanga akonzera uye naizvozvo kuvhozhokera kwakanga kwakarurama.โ
Pakangoitwa chirongwa ichi, Carmona akabata masimba ehudzvanyiriri uye nechirevo akaparadza masangano ese edemocracy eVenezuela.
Pakarepo, veVenezuelan vakaramba Carmona uye vakadaidzira kuburitswa kweMutungamiri Chavez. Vatsigiri vake vakaronga kuratidzira kukuru kwemazana ezviuru zvevanhu. Chavistas mumauto akawana paakanga akachengetwa ndokumununura. Mumazuva akatevera kuvhota kwakava nekudururwa kukuru kwerutsigiro rwaChavez izvo zvisingagone kufungidzira kune chero wezvematongerwo enyika weUS.
Kamwe coup yakakundikana uye Carmona aburitswa, mapato ezvematongerwo enyika anopikisa nemapoka, akazara nemari yeUS, akaronga nekuita 'kuparadza hupfumi,' sekutsanangurwa kwazvinoitwa naGolinger, kwakapotsa kwakanganisa indasitiri yeoiri yeVenezuela. Mupepanhau reVenezuelan neUS, vakati vashandi vairatidzira mutungamiri wenyika VaChavez nekuramba kuenda kubasa. VeVenezuela vanopikisa bapiro rekurudyi, nerutsigiro rwemari yemutero weUS, maBush strategists, uye kambani inozivikanwa zvishoma ine hukama hwakasimba kuPentagon, Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), zvakashamisa kuita kwavo kuti 'kuramwa.'
Chokwadi, mamaneja aitungamirira indasitiri yeoiri yeVenezuela vakavhara zvirimwa nezvinocheneswa, kuvharira vashandi kunze, uye vakatoparadza kana kukuvadza midziyo inokosha. Vanamazvikokota veSAIC, avo, sekureva kwaGolinger, vakapa nekushandisa tekinoroji yeruzivo inoshandiswa nekambani yemafuta ehurumende yeVenezuela, PDVSA, vakabatsira kuparadza nekuvhara masisitimu emakombuta aishandisa zvidyarwa kana kushandura kodhi kuti zvivhare.
โIyoyo chaizvoizvo ndiyo nzvimbo yakaitika kuparadza,โ Golinger anoshuma kudaro. 'Yakanga iri kambani yeUS inoumba chikamu chemauto eindasitiri'" chero munhu anogona kuzvitarisa" ndivo vaitungamira mukuparadza.
Kuparadza kwacho kwakakundikana sezvo vashandiwo zvavo vakamirira hurumende yavakanga vasarudza ndokumanikidza mafemu aya kuti avhurwe zvakare. Muzviitiko zvese zviri zviviri "" coup and the sabotage" vatungamiriri vakuru vaingove muzviitiko zvisingawanzo kuverengerwa mhosva dzavo. Vazhinji vakatiza munyika, vamwe vakaenda kuAmerica uko vakatambirwa nevatsigiri vavo muhutungamiri hwaBush.
Mushure mekuvhara nekuparadza kwakundikana muna Ndira wa2003, vanopikisa nehurumende yeUS vakashandura kune mamwe macapers ane ngozi, Golinger anoti. Muna 2003, zviremera zveVenezuela zvakafumura zano rekuuraya Mutungamiri Chavez "kusanganisira mapurisa aibva kuColombia" aive nehukama "kuUS Special.
Mauto anoshanda muColombia pasi peChirongwa cheColombia, 'Golinger anodaro.
Vachinyepedzera kudzora kutengeswa kwezvinodhaka, vashandi vemauto eUnited States โvakanga vachishandisa varwi vokuColombia kuti vatungamirire uye vadzore mauto kwenguva yakati.โ Maererano nouchapupu hwaGolinger, mapoka ane zvombo okuColombia akapinda nechisimba kusvika โmuguta guru reCaracas, kwete chete. muganhu.โ Pamwe chete, varwi vomuColombia vanenge 100 vakasungwa, vakawanda vavo vakangodzorerwa kuColombia, nepo vamwe vakatongwa ndokupinzwa mutorongo nokuda kwemibato yavo murangano. Golinger anonongedza kuti โvashandi vepamusoro-soro muhurumende yeColombia, kusanganisira Mutungamiri Uribeโ vakabvuma zano iri vachiti โmauto uye zvinosuwisa kuti dzimwe nhengo dzehungwaru dzeColombiaโ dzakabatanidzwa.
Apo uku nokumwe kurwisa kwemagandanga kwakakundikana kuita zvaidiwa, mapoka anopikisa akashandura nhamburiko dzawo kunzira yepamutemo yokudzosa purezidhendi. Sezvineiwo, gadziriro iyi yeBumbiro reVenezuel yakange yakanyorwa neConstituent Assembly yakadanwa neMutungamiri Chavez. Mushure mekuedza kusiri pamutemo kumanikidza Chavez kubva pachigaro, vanopikisa vezvematongerwo enyika vanotsigirwa neUS vakatsvaga kumubvisa kuburikidza nemaitiro akatorwa neruzhinji rwevanhu vekuVenezuela.
Nekuda kweizvi, mapato anopikisa akatsvaga zvakare rubatsiro rwemari nehunyanzvi kubva kuhutungamiri hweBush uye akamanikidza referendamu yehutungamiri hwaChavez muchirimo cha2004. Zvisinei nekuwanda kwemari kunofungidzirwa kuti yakapihwa kumapoka e'pro-democracy', ayo nyaya yeVenezuela yaigara yakabatana kana kutsigira vanopikisa, mushandirapamwe wekurangarira wakatadza. Chavez akawana nhamba yepamusoro yemavhoti chero mumiriri wemutungamiri weVenezuela akambowana
vakagamuchirwa musarudzo dzinonzi dzakarurama uye dzakasununguka nekubvumirana kwevaongorori vepasi rose, kusanganisira chikwata chinotungamirwa nevaimbove Mutungamiriri weAmerica, VaJimmy Carter.
Mushure mekutadza kwakawanda kwakatanga kusvika pakupera kwa2001, zvakava pachena kuti, mumashoko aGolinger, 'hurumende yeUS yakazvidza mukurumbira wehurumende yeChavez asiwo simba revanhu veVenezuela kuti varambe marudzi aya ekuparadza uye kukanganisa kuedza. .'
Asi kutadza kwechijairira hakuite sekutadzisa hutongi hweBush. Muchiitiko ichi, kutadza kwakangokonzera kuti iwedzere ruvengo rwayo rwakavhurika kuVenezuela. Zvakare, mari iri kufamba neNED neUSAID ichienda kune vanopikisa Chavez. Sekureva kwaGolinger, uyo ave kuda kutsikisa bhuku rechipiri rinonzi Bush v. Chavez: Washington's War on Venezuela, iro rinonyora kupindira kweUS kubva 2005, hutungamiriri hwaBush huri 'kuwedzera kupindira uku nekupa mari, kudzidzisa, kutungamira, uye vamwe vanobatika, nedzimwe nzira dzakakosha dzekutsigira mushandirapamwe webato rinopikisa muno.'
Panguva ino mupikisi waChavez ndiManuel Rosales, uyo asina kusaina chirevo cheCarmona muna Kubvumbi 2002 achibvisa masangano edemocracy aanoda kutonga. Zvisikwa zvaRosales zvine mumvuri, zvisinei, zvinonyepedzera kupfuura kungobatana neCarmona uye coup. Sekureva kwaGolinger, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri wenyika, Julio Borges, ari kusangana nevakuru vakuru muWashington mwedzi uno uye achange achitaura paforamu ine musoro unoti โCan Venezuela Be Saved?โ yakaitirwa kuUltra-right American Enterprise Institute (AEI).
Zvinoenderana newebhusaiti yeAEI, chiitiko ichi chichaitwa naRoger Noriega, mumwe munhu weAEI uye aimbove mukuru weDhipatimendi reHurumende, ane kusada kukuru kwemutungamiri weVenezuela ane mukurumbira. Noriega ndiye akanyepa nemaune kune vezvenhau vekuUS nezvekusiya basa kwaChavez panguva yekutonga kwa2002. (Noriega's media ploy, kunyange zvakazotevera White House zvakataurwa nepepanhau zvakamutsigira, zvinonzi zvakatsamwisa Munyori weHurumende panguva iyoyo Colin Powell nokuti Powell pachake akanga asingatendi kuti Chavez akanga asiya basa.) Noriega akabatanidzwawo kumasangano akaita seUSAID neInternational Republican Institute iyo vakapa mamiriyoni emadhora emutero wekuAmerica '" munguva yekushaikwa kwebhajeti' kumapato ezvematongerwo enyika anopikisa Mutungamiri Chavez. Sezvingabvira, Borges achange achitora cheki yakakora yemushandirapamwe yakasainwa nemutero weUS.
Kunze kwemakumi emamiriyoni emadhora emutero weUS ari kupa mari kune vanopikisa Chavez, Golinger anoratidzawo kuti rwendo rwuno basa reUS mumushandirapamwe rinosvika 'kuhondo yepfungwa mukati meVenezuela, asiwo munhandare yepasi rose, uye muUnited States.' chinangwa ndechokuti 'kuita kuti vanhu vafunge kuti Venezuela inyika yakakundikana kana kuti inokundikana nemutongi, iyo ndiyo nzira iyo hurumende yeUnited States inotaura kwaari.'
Pamusoro pekurwiswa kwakawanda kweMutungamiri Chavez, hutongi hweBush hwakawedzera hunyanzvi hwayo hwekurwisa Venezuela. Mumwe muenzaniso wazvino uno ndewekutaura kwaBush kuti Venezuela yatadza kutora chikamu zvakaringana mukuedza kunotungamirwa neUS-kutengesa-mu-vanhu. Izvi zvakaita kuti VaBush vateme zvirango zvehupfumi kuVenezuela. Golinger anotsanangura kupomerwa kwaBush se 'fungidziro yakakwana uye ngano, nekuti Venezuela yakatovandudza kutengesa kwavo.
kuedza kwevanhu.โ
Mune imwewo nyaya isina kusimudzwa naGolinger mubvunzurudzo iyi, White House yapomerawo Venezuela mhosva yekutadza kurwisa kutengeswa kwezvinodhaka zvisiri pamutemo uye yakanongedzera kuVenezuela kudzinga vashandi veDrug Enforcement Agency (DEA) muna 2005 sehumbowo. Chirevo ichi, zvisinei, chakapokana nezvakawanikwa neDhipatimendi reHurumende zvakaburitswa chinyararire panguva imwe chete zvinoratidza kuti kurwisa zvinodhaka kweVenezuela kwaburitsa zvirinani pasina rubatsiro kubva kuDEA. Hurumende yeVenezuela inoti yakaendesa vakuru veDEA kumba vachifungira kuti vari kushandisa zvisizvo chinzvimbo chavo.
Munyori wezvekudzivirirwa kwenyika weAmerica, VaDonald Rumsfeld, nguva pfupi yadarika vakapomerawo veVenezuela mhosva yekuparura nhangemutange yezvombo nekutenga zvombo zvitsva. Maererano naGolinger, โnemhaka yokuti Venezuela yave pakupedzisira kutenga mimwe michina nepfuti kuti itsive dzine makore anopfuura makumi mana, hazvirevi kuti yava kutanga makwikwi ezvombo. kunyange pandaza yenyika shanu dzepamusoro muiyi nyika mumari yehondo.โ Iine inoda kusvika mabhiriyoni 500 emadhora inoshandiswa gore negore muchiuto, US ndiyo yokutanga, ichiteverwa neโBrazil ine anenge mabhiriyoni 13 emadhora, kwozouya Mexico, Chile, Colombia, uye. Argentina,' anodaro Golinger.
Asi, Rumsfeld anoenderera mberi nekuzivisa zvakadaro kune vezvenhau vepasi rose, uye zvinopinda mumapepa muUnited States nedzimwe nyika. Pfungwa, hongu, ndeyekupa pfungwa yekuti Venezuela injodzi, โanowedzera. Icho chikamu chehutungamiri hweBush 'mushandirapamwe unoenderera mberi wekuzvidza uye kuparadzanisa Venezuela kubva kune dzimwe nyika munharaunda asiwo pasi rose.'
Kunyange hazvo chirongwa ichi chakundikana, Golinger anochitora seimwe nhanho yekupindira musarudzo dzeVenezuela. Kupomera kwaBush naRumsfeld, sekusina kukodzera sezvavangave, kunodzokororwa muUS neVenezuelan media. Chinangwa chekupomerwa kwehutongi hwaBush hachisi chekuratidza kuti Venezuela ine njodzi chaiyo, anodaro Golinger, asi kutendeudzira zvikamu zvevagari veVenezuela kuti pamwe vangave nani nemutungamiri wenyika asingade mhinduro kubva kuhurumende yeUS. . Chokwadi, zvirevo kubva kuhurumende yeUS zvakanyatso kurongeka nevanopikisa vezvematongerwo enyika, izvo zvakagara zvichitamba kutya kwevanhu veVenezuela nezvenyaya idzi.
Zvisinei nedanho iri rekupindira, Mutungamiri Chavez vanoramba vachitungamira musarudzo dzeveruzhinji (+/- 25 mapoinzi) uye vatsigiri vake vanotarisira kuburitsa vavhoti muhuwandu hwerekodhi zvakare.
Yave nguva yekuti vateresi veUS vadaidze kuti kupedzisire kutambisa mari pazvirongwa izvi. Vanhu vakatendeseka pamusoro pekutsigira demokrasi chaiyo vanofanira kusimbirira pakuvaka mabhiriji uye hushamwari neVenezuela pane kumutsa ruvengo uye kurebesa hutsinye.
Ngatitarisane nazvo, kutaura chokwadi nezve dzimwe hurumende uye kuvaka demokrasi zviri pakati pehutongi hweBush husina simba. Hurumende yeUS inofanirwa kuremekedza sarudzo dzevanhu veVenezuelan uye kodzero yavo yekuona mafambiro avo '" sezvatinotarisira kuti dzimwe nyika dziremekedze zvedu. Unogona here kufungidzira mhirizhonga kana imwe hurumende yakasarudza kupesvedzera sarudzo dzemuUS nekupomba mamiriyoni emadhora muchivande kune rimwe ramapato kana vamiriri? Fungidzira kutsamwa kwaunganzwa kudai hurumende iyoyo ikava noushingi hwokutendeuka ndokutaura kuti iri โkusimudzira demokrasi.โ
Ngatiudzei vatungamiriri vedu kuti vasiye misiyano yezvematongerwo enyika uye kugumbuka kwavo uye vashande pamwe neVenezuela murunyararo uye hushamwari.
-Joel Wendland ndiye maneja mupepeti wePolitical Affairs magazini uye anogona kusvikwa pa [email inodzivirirwa]
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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