Kuparara kwehukama pakati peVenezuela neColombia mushure mechikamu chakakosha cheOAS musi waChikunguru 22 kwakawedzera ruvengo pakati pemutungamiri weColombia ari kubuda Alvaro Uribe nemutungamiri weVenezuela Hugo Chavez.
Kusawirirana pakati pevatungamiri vaviri vakapesana vezvematongerwo enyika hachisi chinhu chitsva. Chii chinogadzira dhirama — uye zvingangoitika — zveiyi shanduko nyowani yezviitiko ndezvekumashure.
Uribe idhadha rakakamhina, kubva paakarambwa kuvandudzwa kwebumbiro remitemo kuti akwikwidze kechitatu. Mutsivi wake, Juan Manuel Santos, achatanga chigaro musi wa7 Nyamavhuvhu. Kugadzwa kwaSantos kunoratidza kupera kwekutonga kwemakore masere kweUribe, iyo ine mazano emauto ekurwisa vamhanyi vezvinodhaka nemapoka emagandanga akadai seRevolutionary Armed Forces (FARC) ichitsigirwa nehurumende yeAmerica kusvika pamabhiriyoni manomwe emadhora. Kunyange zvichitungamira kune kumwe kufambira mberi mukuderedza kuurayiwa nekubiwa muColombia, nzira idzi dzakatadza kuwana runyararo, uye mhirizhonga yeColombia inoramba ichitora hupenyu uye kukonzera kusawirirana mudunhu rese.
Santos inomiririra Bato reUribe reU uye aive nerutsigiro rwake musarudzo. Sei mutungamiri wenyika angatsvaga dambudziko rezvematongerwo enyika manheru ekugadzwa kwake? Nekumisa kuputsa hukama neVenezuela, Uribe anoita kunge ari kuratidza kusahadzika kuti mugari wenhaka wake wezvematongerwo enyika achaita maererano nemaitiro ake akaomarara. Ari munzira kubuda, Uribe ari kuyedza kuvhara mukurwisana kwasiya Colombia iine vashoma vanobatana kumaodzanyemba.
OAS Inobvunzwa seForamu
Uribe akatora pfuti yake yekuparadzana kuVenezuela kubva pasi peSangano reAmerican States (OAS). Kutevera kwenguva refu paean kune zvakaitwa nehurumende yake, mumiriri weColombia Luis Alfonso Hoyos akadaro kuti nhengo dzemagandanga dzinenge 1,500 XNUMX “dzinoshandisa nzvimbo yeVenezuela pasina chirango” kurwisa Colombia uye kupinda mukutengesa zvinodhaka nezvombo. Hoyos akapa humbowo hwaifungidzirwa uye akadana kuti paitwe ongororo.
Venezuelan Nhumwa Roy Chaderton akabvunza humbowo hwakapihwa uye hwakanongedza kune zvaaifunga kushandiswa kwakarerekera kweOAS, zvichiratidza kuti kana chero nyaya yemubatanidzwa inogona kunge iri nyaya yemusangano unokosha, kubata kwakaenzana kunosanganisira kudaidza nhume yekuferefeta kune zvigaro zvinomwe zvemauto izvo hurumende yeColombia ine. yakabvumira kushandiswa kwemauto eUS. Venezuela yakataura kuti hurumende yeColombia yatadza kutungamira zvakaringana dunhu remuganho uye yakaona kunetsa kwekufamba makiromita zana nemakumi matatu neshanu emuganho wesango.
Zuva rimwe chetero, Mutungamiri Chavez akazivisa kuti ndiye kuputsa ukama pakati penyika mbiri idzi mukudzivirira “chiremerera” chenyika yake.
Nyika dzakawanda dzange dzapikisa musangano uyu dzichiti zvichatowedzera kunetsana. VeVenezuela vakazvidaidza kuti "sekisi yenhau" uye vakapomera kuti US neColombian dzvinyiriro yakamanikidza nyaya iyi kuti iite kunetsana pasi peOAS, vachitenda vamiriri vanga vayambira kusashandisa mubatanidzwa wenyika dzakawanda kuburitsa zvichemo zveColombia.
Ecuador yakanyunyuta zvinorwadza zvekushandiswa kweOAS kune zvinopomerwa zveColombia. Gurukota rezvekune dzimwe nyika, Ricardo Patiño, haana kukwanisa kuramba achiti "Ndakakuudza" apo chikamu chakakonzera kuparara kwehukama pakati penyika mbiri idzi.
“Ndakamuudza (Munyori Mukuru weOAS, Jose Insulza) kuti nyaya iyi haifanirwe kukurukurwa nezvayo nenzira yakakasharara, asi zvino ngatichinjei 'precipitous' to 'kusavimbika'. Uyu ndiwo mugumisiro wekusava nehanya nezviri kuitika munharaunda, "akadaro Patiño, achiwedzera kuti Insulza yakanyeverwa kuti musangano unogona kukonzera kuparadzaniswa kwehukama hwezvematongerwo enyika uye kukundikana kuita basa rake mukudzivisa izvozvo.
Munyori Mukuru weOAS Insulza anoita seakakanganisa hukama nenyika dzakawanda nekupa dzvinyiriro yeColombia yekudaidzira chikamu chakakosha. Sangano rakaita serakaziva fakisi yaro nyaya yekubudiswa izvo zvakatsigira kutungamira chero kuedza kukuru kurwisa Venezuela. "OAS yakaratidza chido chayo chekuyananisa, sezvayakaita pane dzimwe nguva, asi dzinofanirwa kusarudza izvi inyika mbiri kuburikidza nekubvumirana. Sangano iri harifanire kuisirwa hutongi hwenyika, nekuti isangano remarudzi akawanda uye kwete remhando yepamusoro."
Imwe Nguva Inotsanangura yeUS Foreign Policy
Pamusangano wakakosha, Mumiriri weUS Carmen Lomellin akaongorora zvakatevedzana zvisungo pamusoro pekuzvipira kurwisa hugandanga mudunhu - nyaya yanga isiri kupokana - uye akakurudzira nyika mbiri idzi kuti dziwane "mhinduro dzinogamuchirika", pasina kudaidza kuti kuumbwa. yeOAS komisheni.
Mutauriri weDhipatimendi reHurumende PJ Crowley akatsigira kuferefetwa kwepasi rose, asi akati nzvimbo iyi inogona kunge iri OAS kana UNASUR- sangano redunhu renyika dzeLatin America dzinodiwa neBrazil. Mu Chikunguru 23 press conference, akatsoropodza hurumende yeVenezuela:
"Venezuela pakati pedzimwe nyika munharaunda ine mabasa akajeka ekurwisa hugandanga mudunhu uye kutsigira kuedza mukati meOAS uye mukati meUN kurwisa hugandanga chero kwahunenge huri, pachena nekuda kwekunetseka kwedu nezvehukama pakati peVenezuela neFARC hatina kupa chiziviso cheVenezuela mumakore achangopfuura sekushandira pamwe zvizere neUnited States nedzimwe maererano nekuedza uku kwekurwisa hugandanga. "
Paakabvunzwa kana kuwanikwa kwe "kuchengetera magandanga" kungabvumire kupinda muAfghanistan sezvakaitika muAfghanistan, mutauriri wacho akapindura kuti nyaya mbiri idzi hadzina kufananidzwa zvachose uye kuti hurumende yeUS inoda kuona nyaya yacho ichigadziriswa murunyararo. Zvakadaro, zano rechimwe chiito chemauto pasi pekunyepedzera kwehugandanga raishamisa pachena.
BhuraziriHurumende yakataura pachena kuti inoda kuti nyaya iyi itongwe mukati meMubatanidzwa weSouth America Nations (UNASUR), pasina simba reUnited States. Yakazivisa South America “nharaunda yorugare” uye yakasimbisa kuti zvinetso pakati penyika zvinofanira kutanga kubatwa nazvo mumativi maviri. Vamiriri veUNASUR vakasangana kuti vakurukure nezvenyaya iyi asi vakatadza kusvika pakubvumirana. Nhengo dzadaidzira musangano wemutungamiri wenyika wenhengo dzeUNASUR kuti dzizeye nyaya iyi, zvichiratidza kukosha kwakaita nyaya iyi mudunhu.
Kuchinja kweColombia kune gakava
Imwe tsananguro yekushoropodzwa kwaUribe paruzhinji kweVenezuela nguva pfupi asati asiya chigaro ndeyekuti mutungamiri weColombia ari kutyira kuti mutungamiri wenyika ari kuuya achayananisa hutungamiriri hwaChavez. An chinyorwa muLa Semana inotaura kuti nguva yakanyatsorongwa "kukanganisa kuedza kwemutungamiri mutsva Santos kugadzirisa hukama nehurumende yaHugo Chavez."
Pave paine mishumo inosimbirira yekuti Santos inofarira a kunyungudika kwehukama pakati penyika mbiri idzi. Mutungamiriri wenyika akasarudzwa akataura zvakawanda zvinoratidza chinangwa chake chekuvaka patsva hukama nenyika yakavakidzana nayo.
Ane zvinokurudzira zvakasimba kuita kudaro. Kunyangwe chimiro chinogumbura chakanangana naChavez chabatsira kusimbisa hukama neUS uye kuunganidza vavhoti veColombia padanho re "democracy chengetedzo" uye nechibvumirano cheUS, zviri kuita njodzi kuhupfumi. The Hurumende yeColombia yakashuma munguva pfupi yapfuura kuti Colombian inotengeswa kunze kwenyika kuVenezuela yakadonha 71% pakati paNdira naMay wegore rino zvichienzaniswa nenguva yakafanana gore rapfuura, inomiririra kurasikirwa kweanofungidzirwa 350,000 mabasa. Colombian Treasury Department inoverenga kuti kudonha kwekutengeserana neVenezuela kuchadhura hupfumi hafu yekukura kwegore rino, pamusoro pechinhu chakazara gore rapera. Venezuela yakamisa kutengeserana nemuvakidzani wayo kupokana nechibvumirano cheColombia chekupa US mukana mabhesi manomwe ehondo Munyika.
Aimbove mukuru weBush State Department, Roger Noriega, mutsoropodzi anotyisa waChavez uye mutsigiri ane hasha weUribe, anotiwo kurwiswa kwaUribe kwakaomesera Santos, asi kubva kune rimwe divi repfungwa fenzi.
“Zvinotoshamisa ndezvokuti imwe yehurumende idzo dzakaiswa pachinzvimbo nechikwata chaUribe ndechemutsivi wake, Juan Manuel Santos, uyo anotanga chigaro musi wa7 August. uye kutora matanho anobatsira vakwikwidzi vaUribe vakanyanya. Imwe pfungwa ndeyekuti Uribe aida kuona kuti mutevedzeri wake aisakwanisa kutsvaga pekugara naChavez ane ngozi. " Noriega anopedzisa kuti US inofanirwa kutsigira "gambit" nekutsigira mutungamiri anobuda mukupomera kwake Venezuela.
Kurwisa kweUS-Colombia kuVenezuela panguva yekuchinja kwezvematongerwo enyika kunopa kutyisidzira kukuru kugadzikana kwedunhu. Uribe akaramba achivimba nemhinduro yevisceral yekodzero dzepasirese, mauto mukati mehurumende yeUS uye manzwiro evanopikisa veVenezuela muColombia kuvaka kutya kwaChavez kunobva pakufunga kwakasikwa pane kuongorora kwakadzikama. Zviripachena, ruzhinji rweFARC, ELN uye rightwing paramilitary mauto akazivisa "gandanga", anoshanda mukati meColombia.
Sekureva kwenhau, hurumende yeVenezuelan yave kushanyira nyika dzese muSouth America kuzobvunza nezve hurongwa hwerunyararo huchaunzwa pamusangano weUNASUR muna Chikunguru 29. Reuters yakataura Gurukota rezvekunze reVenezuelan Nicolas Maduro achiti, "Venezuela ... iri kuenda nehurongwa hwerunyararo. Isu tinofanirwa kugadzirisa dambudziko riripo, ihondo iri muColombia. "
The Upshot
Masvondo anotevera acharatidza mafambiro anoita mutambo uyu. Panzvimbo pezvo pfuti yekuparadzana yaUribe inogona kunge yakananga mutsoka yake. Panzvimbo pekuteya mutsivi wake munzvimbo yakaoma yakananga kuVenezuela, kushoropodzwa neruzhinji kwakakurudzira kuyedza kweSouth America kutsvaga runyararo nekuyananisa - kwete nekungotarisa nezve basa reVenezuela rekuchengetedza magandanga asi nekuona kwakakura kwekusimudzira nhaurirano dzerunyararo kuti dzipere. kusawirirana muColombia.
Kuputika neVenezuela kwamutsa gakava munhau dzeColombia pamusoro pemutengo wehupfumi wekurwa uye zvakakonzera kunyange mapoka emabhizinesi anochengetedza kusava nechokwadi nehungwaru hwekubvisa nyika kubva kumuvakidzani wayo uye mukuru wekutengeserana. Izvi zvingaratidza kumanikidzwa kune imwe nzira yepragmatic kubva kuhurumende itsva.
Iyo OAS inogona kunge ichichera guva rayo nekubvumira hurumende dzeUS neColombia kuti dzishandise nhandare yepasirese kuitira hukuru uye hurongwa hwepfungwa. Kusaenzana kwemaitiro ayo kwabvisa kuvimbika kwayo uye kwakapa kutenda kune kudanwa kwekusimbaradza mamwe maforamu eLatin America diplomacy senge UNASUR, uko Washington isingabatanidzwe. Izvi hazvifanirwe kutorwa semhedzisiro yakaipa, sezvo zvichikurudzira mhinduro dzedunhu kumatambudziko edunhu uye hukama hwakaenzana hwakavakirwa padhipatimendi kwete simba remauto repamusoro.
Zvekare, Colombia neUS zvakaparadzanisa simba redunhu, Brazil, uye mamwe mubatanidzwa. Kana hurumende yeUS isingatsigire kuedza kweSouth America kunze kweOAS kugadzirisa dambudziko, mutsara wehemispheric unobva kuAndes uchawedzera-kukuvadza huwandu hwevanhu munyika dzese.
Kana kudanwa kwechirongwa cherunyararo muColombia kuchiwana rutsigiro muLatin America uye mukati mehurumende itsva yeSantos, US ichafanirwa kutsanangura kana ichipa rutsigiro rwayo rwakazara mukuedza runyararo kana kuenderera mberi nehurongwa hwemauto ePlan Colombia. Pamusoro peVenezuela, Brazil neUNASUR (pasi pehutungamiriri hwaNestor Kirchner) vari kukurukura nezvekuedza kwerunyararo. Nyika zhinji dzeLatin America dzinogona kutsigira chirongwa. Kana Colombia nehurumende yeUS vakaramba izvi, vanozofanira kupindura kumhosva yekuvhiringidza zvirongwa zvekuvaka runyararo.
Uribe akataura kuti "haazonyengedzwa" nehurukuro dzerunyararo, achiratidza kushora kwake chirongwa cherunyararo chirongwa chakanangana chavasati chave patafura.
"Kana nyoka yemagandanga ikanzwa kuti iri kudzipwa, inobva yakumbira kuti pave nerunyararo, kuti itore oxygen yodzoka muchetura zvakare," akadaro.
Chero bedzi Colombia, inotsigirwa neUnited States, inoramba kutenda murunyararo uye ichisimudzira kurwisana nekupatsanura nyika uye mabasa ekuchinja, hapana pachena kuti hapagoni kufambira mberi kune rugare. Vanhu vashoma vanodavira kuti kurwisana kwemauto pakati penyika mbiri idzi kwava pedyo. Asi mamiriro acho ezvinhu anogona kuwedzera kupfupika kwehondo. Mauto eUS anoenderera mberi nekuwedzera kuvepo kwawo munzvimbo yeColombia sezvo makambani ekudzivirira eUS achitambira zvibvumirano zvine muto uye vateresi veUS vanotsika bhiri remutemo wehondo usina kushanda. Mamiriyoni evaColombia akatiza misha nehondo inoratidzika kuva isingaperi. Kutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu uye zvinonyadzisa zvakadai se "zvinyengeri zvenhema" zvakaurayiwa neuto reColombia zvinomutsa mibvunzo yakakomba pamusoro pehuwandu hwemagariro ehondo. Kunetsana nenyika dzakavakidzana - kwete Venezuela chete - kwakawedzerwa nekupokana kwaUribe. Nyaya haisi yekuti "pro-Colombia" kana "pro-Venezuela" -ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekuderedza kusawirirana panguva yakaoma.
Iyo United States inoda kuisa panjodzi rugare rwedunhu nekuchengetedzeka kungotsigira Colombia uye kuhwina mapoinzi kupokana neVenezuela?
Laura Carlsen ndiye director weCIP Americas Chirongwa pa www.cipamericas.org
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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