1. ENIT…(L'Ecole Nationale d'Ingenieurs de Tunis)
Iyo El Manar kambasi yeYunivhesiti yeTunis inomira pamusoro pechikomo chiri kure nechepakati pedhorobha muBelvedere. Iyo kambasi imusha kune vamwe vadzidzi ve30,000, pakati pavo vazhinji vanodzidza sainzi. ENIT - kana L'Ecole Nationale d'Ingenieurs de Tunis - ndeimwe yemasangano ane mukurumbira muTunisia, inogadzira chirimwa chegore cheenjiniya 1000 emarudzi ese. Vadzidzi vanokodzera kudzidza ikoko vari pakati peTunisia inopenya uye inoshingaira zvikuru.
Ndakashanyira kambasi zuva raiitwa ratidziro yemabasa (Zvita 7, 2011). Panguva yekushayikwa kwemabasa kwakanyanya nehupfumi hweTunisia mabasa achibuda ropa pamwero unotyisa, ndakabvunza nezve tarisiro yebasa yevakapedza kudzidza veENIT. Mhinduro yakandishamisa: ingangoita 100% yevainjiniya vanopedza kudzidza kubva kuENIT vanowana basa uye kazhinji nekukurumidza. Kashoma pakati pevaTunisia mazuva ano, vangangonakidzwa nemabasa akatsiga uye anobhadharwa zvakanyanya hupenyu hwavo hwese.
Nevashandi vayo vakadzidza zvakanyanya, inotungamirwa nevakapedza kudzidza kuzvikoro zvakaita se ENIT, Tunisia yatove nehupfumi hwevanhu, hwaro hwakasimba hwehungwaru uye hwehunyanzvi hwekuva injini yehupfumi yeMagreb (North Africa), chiri chimwe chinhu chinopfuura chikamu chedunhu. iyo inodyisa Europe nemidziyo, chikafu uye inopa nzvimbo dzekushanya kune vashanyi veGerman neNordic, uye avo vanobva kunyika dzakapoteredza dzeArab. Kubva pakuona kwehupfumi hwezvematongerwo enyika, mubvunzo unomuka: kupihwa shanduko yezvematongerwo enyika uye kuvhurika kutsva, Tunisia inogona kuzvigadzira zvakare mune zvehupfumi, ichivaka pane hwaro hwakasimba hwakatotekwa.
Hongu, Tunisia iri pakati pedambudziko rine simba remagariro nehupfumi, iro pacharo chikamu chedambudziko repasi rose reneo-liberal capitalism. Asi kutarisa kumativi eMediterranean, kunze kweFrance, iyo iri kunetseka nekubatana kweEurope, dunhu rose riri mumatambudziko makuru. Vavakidzani veTunisia vakatarisana nematambudziko akafanana kana akaipisisa. Algeria, Libya, Egypt, Syria, Greece, Spain, Portugal - kungotaura mashoma ezviitiko zviri pachena zvese zviri munzira dzakawanda. mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipa kupfuura Tunisia. Tichitarisa kubva pamaonero aya, kutaura chokwadi, kunyangwe matambudziko ayo ese, zvinoshamisa, Tunisia ingangove ine tarisiro iri nani yekubuda mudambudziko kupfuura dzimwe nyika zhinji mudunhu.
2. Nhamba
Kana tarisiro yevadzidzi veENIT ichivimbisa, izvi handizvo kune vamwe vechidiki vazhinji vekuTunisia vanopedza kudzidza kubva kumayunivhesiti. Iwo ekunhonga ari madiki uye ari kuita slimmer aine mikana yese yekukura kwehupfumi hweTunisia mune ramangwana rinoonekwa risingavimbise. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kuMiddle East yese uye zvinokonzereswa nezvinhu zvakasiyana, pakati pavo kuderera kwehupfumi hwenyika uye kuvimba kwakanyanya kweTunisia pakukura kweEurope kuti vawedzere kutengesa kwavo kunze kwenyika uye kushanya.
Mamiriro ehupfumi hweTunisia pachayo, chakanyanya kutenderera kuEuropean core, anowedzera kunetsana. Kune rimwe divi, Tunisia iri kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakaderera uye zvepakati zvemusika weEurope nepo vadzidzi vayo vekuyunivhesiti, mamwe ematunhu akanakisa, vakadzidziswa kuita zviitiko zvakaoma zvehupfumi izvo zvisina mabasa muTunisia, uye mazhinji eTunisia akanakisa. uye zororo rakanyanya kujeka reGulf, kuEurope kana North America. Uye ndivo vakaita rombo rakanaka vakakwanisa kuwana basa. Kusawirirana uku kuri pakati pevashandi vakadzidza zvikuru uye mikana yebasa ingangobvira ndechimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zvakakonzera kumukira, nyaya yacho iri Mohammed Bouazizi, murume wechiduku ane dzidzo yepayunivhesiti, akamanikidzwa nemamiriro ezvinhu kuti agadzire nzvimbo yokutengesera michero isina rezenisi. mutaundi rine pwere dzakawanda dzisina mabasa
Zvakadaro, kunyangwe hupfumi hweTunisia hunotarisirwa kudzikira ne3.3% gore rino nezviratidziro zvakawanda zvinotyisa zviri kugadzirwa zuva nezuva munhau dzenyika, pane mashoma anopenya pano neapo muzuva rinoratidza miganhu yekudonha kwemahara makiyi ekugonesa kupora.
Kunyangwe huwandu husinganzwisisike hwekutarisirwa kudzikira kwese, sekureva Mamiriro ekunze(12/7/2011) chikamu chekutengesa kunze kwenyika chiri kuratidza zviratidzo zvekukura zvakanaka. Muna 2011, gore remhirizhonga yezvematongerwo enyika munyika, zvichiri kutengesa kunze kwenyika zvakakura kwemwedzi gumi neimwe yekutanga ne11%. Zvekurima kunze kwenyika zvaive pamberi, zvichisvetuka 7.3% kubva 39.8, zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvekutengesa kunze kwenyika zvakakura ne2010%. Pakanga paine zvakawaniswa zvine mwero zvemicheka nematehwe kunze kwenyika zve22.9%. Wedzera kune izvi chokwadi chekuti munguva yedambudziko vazhinji veTunisia vakasimuka vakatanga kushanda, vachishanda mafekitori kazhinji nemamaneja, maminisiti asina vashumiri uye vachipihwa zvipingamupinyi izvi, vasingashaiwi mamaneja avo zvakanyanya.
Hazvina kushata kune nyika iri kusangana nedambudziko rezvematongerwo enyika iro ringadai rakaremadza dzimwe nyika zhinji mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana zvakanyanya.
Kune rimwe divi chikamu chephosphate - chakanyanya kukosha - uye zvakabva pairi zvakarova zvakanyanya, zvichidzikira ne36% uye imwe tsigiro yehupfumi hweTunisia, kushanya, yakarohwa zvakaipisisa. Chokwadi, kukura kwe7.3% mukutengesa kunze kune mwero kana zvichienzaniswa nekukura kunze kwenyika muna 2009, 2010, asi ichiri chiratidzo chetariro. Zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvakadzikira zvishoma kubva muna 2010, izvo zvinonyanya kutengwa kunze kwenyika zviri zvekutanga zvekudya uye simba. Kuti Tunisia inofanirwa kuunza kunze kwekutanga chikafu - kunyanya zviyo - zvinokatyamadza tichifunga kuti nyika iyi yanga iri imwe yemabhasikiti echingwa eEurope kwete kwemazana emakore. asi kwezviuru zvemakore.
3. Zvinoreva
Zvechokwadi zviri nyore kurasika muhuwandu. Mwoyo wenyaya ndewekuti hupfumi hweTunisia hwakadzikira muna 2011, kukura kwekutengesa kunze kwenyika kwakabatsira kudzikira vamwe asi kusakwana kudzoreredza hupfumi nekupfura kwenguva refu kana kudzosera kuparara kwemabasa.
Nekuenderera mberi nekusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika - zvinobvumwa zvinyoro zvichienzaniswa nezviri kuitika muSyria, Egypt, Yemen neLibya - uye nedambudziko risati ragadziriswa re euro, tarisiro yemhando ipi neipi yekusimuka kwehupfumi kana kupora nekukurumidza zvinoratidzika kunze kwemubvunzo.
Izvo zvakanakisa zvinogona kuitwa kuchengetedza hupfumi mune yekubata maitiro.
Hazvigoneki kuti kunyangwe ichi chinangwa chine mwero ichi chinogona kuitwa pasina kuita basa rehurumende kugadzira mabasa uye zvirongwa zvemagariro. Hupfumi hweTunisia huri kuchemera kupindira kwenyika. Pasina izvi, dambudziko remagariro rinotyisidzira kuwedzera zvakare nemhedzisiro ingangofanofungidzira. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti musika weTunisia wega, pamatambudziko ayo ese, ichiri imwe yeakanyanya kusimba mudunhu, haikwanise kuunza kukura kwakakwana kutenderedza mamiriro ezvinhu. Tunisia zvirokwazvo inyaya yekuongorora yeneo-liberal yakatarisana nemusika mipimo.
Hupfumi hweTunisia huri kuchemera kupindira kwenyika.
Rufu rwaMohammed Bouazizi nemoto gore rapfuura rwaifanira kunge rwakaratidzawo kupera kweimwe rudzi rwebudiriro yeupfumi yakanga yatanga. Kuenderera mberi munzira iyo Tunisia inoteedzerwa se 'muenzaniso weIMF mudzidzi' ndeye kudzokorora kukanganisa kwehupfumi kwenzira uye, kutaura chokwadi kukoka njodzi. Izvi hazvina kuoma kufanotaura - zvaive chaizvo mukushandisa iyi modhi - kunyarara kwekuzvishora kweIMF parutivi - kwakabatsira zvakanyanya mukudonha kwehupfumi hwemagariro.
4. Hapana nhaurirano yekukundikana kweneo-liberalism muTunisia
Zvirokwazvo ENIT vakapedza kudzidza vane basa rakakosha rekuita mune ramangwana reTunisia uye kwavari, ramangwana rinotaridzika rakanaka. Zvakadaro kune vamwe vazhinji vekuTunisia, vanoshanda kana vasingashande, ramangwana rinotaridzika kutyisa panguva ino. VeTunisia vanogona kunge vakawana rusununguko rwekutaura rwavakarwira zvikuru, asi hapana kana mumwe wemapato ezvematongerwo enyika kana munhau ari kutaura nezvazvo. midzi yehupfumi yedambudziko.
Kukonzeresa dambudziko iri kwaive kushaikwa kwemabasa, mikana mishoma yevakapedza kudzidza kuyunivhesiti vachipinda mumusika wemabasa, kuparara kwehupenyu hwemunhu wese, kudzvanyirirwa kwemuhoro uye kudzvanyirirwa kwezvematongerwo enyika izvo zvese zvine chekuita neIMF/World Bank inotsigirwa neo-liberal economic model Tunisia. akambundirana nekukasika azere nguva pfupi mushure mekunge Ben Ali atanga kutonga muna 1987
Zvakadaro, vashoma vanhu vari kutaura nezve kufa kweTunisia neo-liberalism sekunge kusawirirana kwese kwehupfumi hakuna. Tunisia ichiri kutsvaga mari kubva kwese kwainogona kuiwana uye maererano nemitemo yainopihwa. Kudzvinyirirwa kwemihoro kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi sezvinoitwa kuramwa mabasa munyika yose. Tichifunga nezvemihoro iripo, kuramwa mabasa uye mamwe mabasa haagone kupera nekukurumidza. Iwe ungafunga kuti kudonha kwehupfumi hweTunisia kwakabva kuvashandi vari kutsvaga mari yekurarama kwete macapitalist ane utsinye ari kuedza kuba zvese zviri kuona.
Kunyange chiri chokwadi kuti chimwe chinangwa icho maTunisia airwira kupidigura Ben Ali yaive rusununguko rwekutaura, vashandi - vane basa rakakosha mukuparara kwaBen Ali risingazivikanwe - vairwira. kodzero yekuronga uye kubvumirana pamwe chete, kuti vawane mari inorarama iyo vakawanda vavo vasina. Kunyanya kusimbiswa kwakaiswa pakuedza kwaBen Ali kukanganisa rusununguko rwekutaura; vanhu vashoma vakaona kuti chinangwa chakakosha mumitemo yake yekudzvinyirira yaive yekuramba zvikumbiro zvekuwedzera muhoro 'kuti vashandi vagare vari munzvimbo yavo' kuitira kuchengetedza kutengesa kunze kwenyika kumakwikwi.
5. Kudzvinyirirwa Kwemuhoro: pamwoyo weBen Ali's neo-liberalism
Kutaura zvazviri kudzvinyirirwa kwemuhoro kuri pamwoyo nemweya we'udzvanyiriri hutsva hwaBen Ali.' Zvakasanganiswa nedzimwe nzira dzechinyakare dzekugadzirisa zvimiro zvakaita sekucheka rubatsiro rwechikafu nesimba, pasi pemari yedzidzo uye kurapwa, kudzvinyirirwa kwemihoro kwakashanda kukanganisa chiyero cheTunisia. yekurarama zvakanyanya. Asi munguva dzerima, mumwe aisambonzwa vanorwira kodzero dzevanhu vekuTunisia kana vebhizinesi reTunisia vachigunun'una nezvekudzvinyirirwa kwemuhoro.
Mumwe muenzaniso wehurefu uhwo Ben Ali aive achida kuenda kudzvanyirira kudanwa kwemabasa uye kuwedzera mihoro muna 2008 muRedeyef, mudunhu remigodhi yeGafsa. Zvakatora hurumende mwedzi mitanhatu kuti iparadze sangano racho; mazana akasungwa, vazhinji vakatambudzwa, vamwe vakafa. Pakapera hapana zororo rerudzi rwupi zvaro rakauya kubva kuhurumende. 2008 yaive nhanganyaya yezviitiko zvegore rapfuura.
Kunyange zvazvo zvishoma nezvishoma kutora mumazuva ekutanga ekurwisana kwenyika mushure mekufa kwaBouazizi, sangano revashandi rakanga riripo paraiverenga uye raiva chinhu chakakosha pakugadzirisa kuenzanisa kune mudzvanyiriri. Twitter neFacebook zvaibatsira kune zvishandiso mukuyedza kudzinga Ben Ali. Asi hazvina kumborwadza kuti mazuva maviri iye, mudzimai nemhuri yake vasati vabuda munyika kuti vanhu zviuru zana nemakumi mashanu vakadaidzira kusiya basa muSfax muna Ndira 150,000, mukuratidzira kwakarongwa neMubatanidzwa General de Travailleurs Tunisiens (UGTT) vakafora. Zvinoratidzika kunge zvakakurumidza kukanganwika kuti pazuva rakatevera, January 12, yakanga iri UGTT iyo yakadana mhirizhonga yenyika yose yeJanuary 13. Sezvo mamiriyoni eTunisia ane simba akafamba achienda kuTunis kunotsvaka kodzero dzavo uye achida kuti arege basa, Ben. Ali akafunga kuti kuchenjera kuenda kuSaudi Arabia na'Mai.'
6. Iyo Rayon Bread Factory Sit-in muJendouba
Hazvifanire kushamisa kuti Ben Ali paakangopidigurwa uye rusununguko rwekutaura rwakatambanudzwa kazhinji, zviito zvevashandi nekuramwa zvakatanga nekukurumidza uye zvakaenderera kusvika nhasi. Anenge ese chikamu chehupfumi cheTunisia chave nekuramwa kukuru, kugara mukati, kuramwa nzara, kubva kune vashandi vemafuta kumaodzanyemba, kusvika kuvadzidzisi munyika yose. Kuramwa mabasa uku nemabasa echiuto zvakaramba zvichienderera mberi. Sit ins yemabasa yaenda panenge pasina kumira mushe mudunhu reGafsa. Pamuganhu weTunisian-Algerian mazana akati wandei vanhu vakaungana kuti vavhare muganho vachipikisa basa uye dambudziko remagariro. Kuratidzira kwakadai kuri kuramba kuchipazwa nemauto avo vanongozviwana vave kuramba vachiramwa mabasa pamwe nekuratidzira.
Bepa rezuro raive nenyaya yekugara pafekitari yechingwa muJendouba, kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kwenyika. Inogadzira 80% yechingwa chenyika.
Chingwa chigadzirwa chakanyanya chezvematongerwo enyika muTunisia. Muna 1984, vachipindura kumanikidzwa kweIMF kuti vasimudze rubatsiro rwechingwa, ipapo Mutungamiri Habib Bourguiba akagumisa rubatsiro rwakakonzera kuti mutengo wechingwa uwedzere kaviri husiku. Zvakazotevera zvainzi mhirizhonga yechingwa. Vakapwanywa nemauto eTunisia akauraya kupfuura. Pakarepo mushure mezvo, Bourguiba akadzorerazve rubatsiro. Hukama hwake neIMF hwakadzikira. Pane kumwe kufungidzira kuti chimwe chezvikonzero nei Bourguiba akabviswa pachigaro muna 1986 chaive nechokuita nehukama hwake husina kunaka hweIMF. Ichokwadi kuti hazvina kuratidzwa, asi achangotora chigaro, Zine Ben Ali akatangazve hukama neIMF neWorld Bank uye akatanga - nechido kugamuchira maitiro ekugadzirisa ekutora chikwereti.
Jenbouba kugara-mukati mufekitari yechingwa yakatsemurwa nemauto eTunisia pazuva iro chingwa chaiunzwa kumabikirwo emunharaunda chainge choda kupera. Mumwe anoona pachiitiko ichi basa richashevedzwa nemauto kuti aite – kutyora mutemo. It aiva anogara achida kuziva sezvo vakanga vasiri vabiki vechingwa mufekitari vakaironga asi vashandi veshuga vakagoverana chivako chacho navo uye vane zvichemo zvoupfumi zvakanga zvisati zvagadziriswa. Vashandi veshuga vakafunga nenzira yakarurama kuti kupfurikidza nokuvharira fekitari yechingwa kwaizokwevera ngwariro kunhamo yavo uye zvakaita saizvozvo vakavhara masuo nokubuda kuti migove isagona kupinda uye kutakura chingwa kusagona kubuda.
Pakupedzisira, hurumende ichangobva kuumbwa yeTunisia inogona kugadzirisa zvido zvevashandi chete nenzira shoma: vanogona kugadzirisa mamiriro acho ezvinhu, vachibvuma makumi emakore ekudzvinyirira kwemubhadharo uye kuparara kwezvirongwa zvevanhu, kana seJendouba vanogona kupwanya mafambiro akadaro, anoita se sarudzo yakasarudzwa. Kunyangwe hazvo mihoro yakaderera yaive imwe yezvikonzero zvakakonzeresa kumukira kwemisika yemari uye mazhinji enharaunda yebhizinesi reTunisia akagadzirirwa kuchengetedza mihoro isina kuchinjwa. Iye zvino kwasara mazuva mashoma kuti tisvike gore rimwe chete rekupemberera kusunungurwa kwaMohammed Bouazizi, dambudziko remagariro nehupfumi muTunisia harina kumbogadziriswa. Izvi hazvigone kuunza zvakanaka kune ramangwana.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta