'Mushure mekunge ndanyora chinyorwa chekutanga che Iwo maABC ehupfumi hwezvematongerwo enyika muna 2002 kwakauya "kumhanya" kwekurevererwa:
Ndakayambira nezve njodzi yakaderera yekugona kusunungura hurongwa hwemari. Asi pane akateerera here? Kwete. Uye chokwadi zvakakwana nyika yakatambura dambudziko rezvemari rakaipisisa muzvizvarwa zvishanu makore mashanu gare gare.
Ndakatsanangura chikonzero nei kusimbirira pamari uye hupfumi hwemari mukutsinhana neIMF zvikwereti zvebhailout kune hupfumi hwenyika hwechitatu hwakanga huchiwedzera dambudziko ravo. Kungove neEuropean Commission neEuropean Central Bank inomanikidza zvakanyanya kuomarara kuPortugal, Ireland, Greece, neSpain - iyo ine mukurumbira yakaipa PIGS - ichityaira hupfumi hweSouthern Europe mukuora mwoyo kwakazara, uye kunyura Eurozone yese mukunyura kaviri. kuderera kwehupfumi, yakagadzirira kunyura zvakare.
Ndakatsanangura kuti sei mhinduro ine musoro kune recessionary slide iri expansionary fiscal policy. Kungoona hutongi hwaObama huchichinja nyaya kubva mukusimudzirwa kwemari kuenda kukudzikisira kushomeka munguva yechando ya2010, zvichiuraya chero tariro yekupora kwekutanga muUS.
Iyo yakapfava "yemhando yechibage" muchitsauko 3 yakatsanangura zvakajeka nei kuwedzera kusaenzana kuri mugumisiro unofanotaurwa kana mibairo mumisika yevashandi, uye mibairo mumisika yezvikwereti, inotarwa nemitemo yekugovera uye kudiwa. Kungoona pakati kuruboshwe pamwe nehurumende dzekurudyi muhupfumi hwese hwepamusoro kusunda kusununguka kwemari uye musika wevashandi "kushanduka."
Ndakagadzira “mutambo wakanaka weveruzhinji” kutsanangura pfungwa isinganzvengeki yekuti sei vatambi vachizotadza nekuzvipira kupa zvipo zvakakwana mukupihwa kweveruzhinji zvakanaka. Asi pane akashandisa pfungwa iyi kunhaurirano dzemamiriro ekunze epasi rose kuti dzigumise kuti kudzikiswa kwegasi rinopisa nokuzvidira kungave kusina kukwana, uye kungobvumirana chete, kuderedza kunosungirwa kunogona kudzivirira kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kusingagamuchiriki? Kwete. Asi muCopenhagen muna 2009 hutungamiriri hwaObama hwakakanganisa kuenderera mberi kwekudzikiswa kwaiitwa muKyoto protocol, zvichiunza nhaurirano dzemamiriro ekunze pasi rose makore makumi maviri apo masayendisiti aitiudza kuti "dambudziko remamiriro ekunze" rakanga riripo uye rakanyanyisa kupfuura zvavaitenda kare. .
Muchidimbu, kunyora chinyorwa chitsva che Iwo maABC ehupfumi hwezvematongerwo enyika muna 2014 yakanga isina kunyanya kuoma nekuti dzidziso uye mhando mushanduro ya2002 ndizvo chaizvo izvo munhu aifanira kuziva kuti sei hupfumi hwedu hwaive husina kugadzikana uye husina kururamisira, uye nei matanho ehurumende ari kutora achiwedzera pane kugadzirisa matambudziko.
Asi zvinosuruvarisa kuti kumhanya kwangu kwekurevererwa semunyori kwakararama kwenguva pfupi, uye kwakakurumidza kutsiviwa nekusagadzikana, kuchiteverwa nehasha, kuchiteverwa nekupererwa. Hupfumi hwakaipa hwakaramba huchigadzira tsaona itsva dzakamirira kuitika. Upfumi hwakaipa hwakapindura matambudziko nemitemo isingabudiriri. Hupfumi hwakaipa hunotyisidzira kwete chete hutano hwehupfumi hwevazhinji, asi hutano hwepasi zvakare. Sezvo kuuraya kwairamba kuchikwira “Ndakakuudza kudaro” kumhanya kwereverera hakuna kunzwa zvakanaka kwenguva refu.
Muna 2014 dambudziko harisi kushaikwa kwehupfumi hwakanaka hwekutsiva hupfumi hwakaipa. Ndinofara kuti ndakwanisa kutsikisa chinyorwa chechipiri che Iwo maABC iyo inoshanda "hupfumi hwakanaka" kuti tinzwisise njodzi huru dzehupfumi dzakatiwira mumakore gumi nemaviri apfuura. Asi kutaura chokwadi handitendi kunyora zvimwe "zvakanaka economics" ndiko kuchachinja zvinhu. Zvechokwadi kune vanhu vakawanda vanoramba vakavhiringidzika; vazhinji vachiri kutenda mungano dzakaitwa nenyanzvi dzezvehupfumi, vezvenhau, uye vezvematongerwo enyika mumapato ezvematongerwo enyika; vakawanda vanovhota zvinopesana nezvido zvavo pamwe chete nezvido zvevanhu vose. Kuvhiringidzika pakati pevanhuwo zvavo kunoramba kuri chikamu chedambudziko nekuti hupfumi hwakaipa hunoramba huine megaphone yakakura uye ine ruzha kupfuura hupfumi hwakanaka. Saka kuchine “basa rokudzidzisa” rakawanda rinofanira kuitwa. Asi mitemo isingabudiriri yatiri kuwana yakaipa zvikuru kupfuura yatingawana kudai pfungwa dzakakurumbira dzaidzorwa.
Ongororo mushure mekuvhota inoratidza kutsigira kwakasimba kweruzhinji rwemitemo inoderedza kushaikwa kwemabasa, mitemo inoisa chikamu chezvemari kumitemo inokwanisa, mitemo inoita kuti vapfumi vabhadhare mitero yakawanda, mitemo inoderedza kubudiswa kwegasi rinopisa uye kukurudzira kugadzirwa kwesimba rinodzokororwa uye kuchengetedza simba. Dambudziko nderekuti kunyangwe kukuvadza kwakashata kwakaitwa nehupfumi mumakore manomwe apfuura, uye kunyangwe "pfungwa nemoyo" zvese zvatakakunda, hapana kwese mune hupfumi hwepamusoro mapato ezvematongerwo enyika uye hurumende dzakasiya dzakatadza hupfumi hwakashata kuti dziite. hupfumi hwakanaka panzvimbo. Hapana kwavanopa mazano ezvehupfumi vakati hapana chekunetsekana nazvo, uye vakazopetwa kaviri nezano iro rakatoita kuti zvinhu zvinyanye kushata, vachidzingwa basa nekutsiviwa nenyanzvi dzezvehupfumi dzine marekodhi ekufanoona matambudziko uye kurwira mhinduro dzinoshanda.
Sei hupfumi hwakaipa humwe huchiri kutonga? Sei nyanzvi dzezvehupfumi dzine fungidziro dzakaratidza kuti hadzina kururama dzichisimudzirwa kuti dzive nezvinzvimbo zvine simba asi nyanzvi dzezvehupfumi dzinorevererwa nezviitiko dzichirambwa? Musandifungire zvisizvo, handisi kutaura nezvangu. Kunyange ini ndichidada nerekodhi yangu yambiro yematambudziko angangoitika, uye kufanotaura kuti ndeapi marongero angashande, uye ndeapi marongero asingaite, ini ndinozivikanwa zvakanyanya semuongorori wezvehupfumi akadana vanhu kare kuti vasiye hupfumi hwemakwikwi nemakaro zvachose, uye kugamuchira hurongwa hwehupfumi hwakasiyana zvachose hwakavakirwa pakubatana kwakaenzana. Ini ndinonyanya kuzivikanwa nebasa rangu rekubatsira nyama nzira yekongiri kune capitalism mune libertarian socialist tsika, iyo inoenda kupfuura rosy rhetoric uye zvisina kujeka zvirevo. Saka handisi kubvunza kuti sei ini, pachangu, ndisina kukumbirwa kuchenesa hupfumi hwakashoreka neoliberal economic policy yakaitwa kubva mumakumi maviri nerimwe emakore capitalism. Ndiri kubvunza kuti sei vakahwina mubairo weNobel vakaita saPaul Krugman naJoseph Stiglitz, vasingatarise kunze kwecapitalism asi vakarevererwa kakawanda pamusoro pezvichaita kuti zvinhu zvinyanye kushata pamwe nezvinozovandudza mhedzisiro, vachiri kusiiwa vakagara padivi. ; nepo vanhu vakaita saLaurence Summers naStanley Fisher, avo vakaonekwa kuti havana kunaka nguva dzese, vachiramba vachidzokororwa kuita zvinzvimbo zvine simba zvekugadzira.
Zvakatora nguva kuti mhinduro yacho ibude pachena. Kwemakore mashomanana zvakaonekwa kuti kuvhiringidzika kwakakurumbira, kusaziva kwevezvematongerwo enyika, uye kurasikirwa kwechiyeuchidzo chezvakaitika kare pamusoro pedambudziko guru rekupedzisira rezvemari uye kuora mwoyo, yaiva tsananguro inonzwisisika. Asi sezvo hupfumi hwakaipa hwakaramba huchienderera mberi zvishoma nezvishoma zvakava pachena kuti hupfumi hwakashata hauna kuipa kumunhu wese. Kushata neoliberal economics hakuna kushata kumabhanga eWall Street ane hunhu hwekusaita hanya, hwemakaro hwakakonzera dambudziko pakutanga. Yakashata neoliberal economics haina kushata kune vepamusoro 1% vanoramba vachiona hupfumi hwavo uye mari yavo ichikwira sezvo mari uye tarisiro yehupfumi inoderera kune isu tose. Kuregeredza kukosha kwehukasha, mubatanidzwa wepasirese mhinduro mukushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze hakuna kuipa kumakambani emafuta efossil ayo ave nenguva achidzora mutemo wepasi rose wesimba. Muchidimbu, izvo zvakazobuda pachena ndezvekuti neoliberal economics yakaipa chete kune yakawandisa uye hutano hwepasi; hazvina kushata kune vane simba vane masimba vanokwanisa kuvhomora mitemo inotyisidzira zvido zvavo zvidiki, zvisinei nekuti iyo mitemo ingave yakakosha sei kune zvakanaka.
Uye apa ndipo pakamira zvinhu. Pasinei nekuita kwehupfumi hwakaipisisa muzvizvarwa zvishanu, kunyangwe dambudziko remamiriro ekunze riri kuuya rinotyisidzira hupenyu sezvatinoziva, kunyangwe sarudzo dzinoratidza tsigiro yeruzhinji "hupfumi hwakanaka," zvematongerwo enyika muhupfumi hwepamusoro zvinoramba zvichingoteerera kune zvido zvevakuru vane simba kunyangwe izvi zvinopesana zvakajeka nezvido zvevakawanda, uye zvakatiisa munzira yenjodzi yepasi.
Vindication… dismay… hasha… kupererwa. Iyoyo zvirokwazvo haisati iri nzira inogutsa yemirangariro! Hapana tariro here?
Zvishoma nezvishoma pamusoro pehafu yemakore apfuura maitiro akakurumbira achipokana nekusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika kwakabuda. Hurumende dzepakati-kurudyi nepakati-kuruboshwe, idzo dzisinei nemaitiro akasiyana ekutaura zvese zvakaramba zvichinetsa zvisina musoro, vakavhoterwa kunze kwenyika munyika imwe neimwe. Zvirongwa zvehupfumi "zvitsva" kana "mumangwana" zvakamuka mumadota ehupfumi "yekare" sezvazvaiwedzera kutikundikana. Mafambiro matsva akakurumbira senge Uncut, Occupy, uye los Indignados, ane mazano matsva uye zviso zvitsva, zvakaputika. Uye mapato matsva, anopikisa-neoliberal ezvematongerwo enyika akadai seSyriza nePodemos ari kubuda zvishoma nezvishoma kubva kumawere.
Asi sezvave zvichikurudzira sezvo zvese izvi zvave zvichikurudzira, hazvina kukwana kuchinja mutemo. Zvakanga zvisati zvakwana kuti tifambe munzira. Uye kusiyana nematambudziko ese ekare ekufambira mberi kwevanhu uko mutengo wekunonoka wagara uchingove wakanyanya kutambura kwevanhu kupfuura zvakafanira, panguva ino kana tikasafambira mberi. zvikuru nekukurumidza kupfuura zvatave tichakurumidza kuita zvakaipa zvisingagadzirisike kupasi. Nepo Naomi Klein asina kana ruzivo nezve izvo zvinofanirwa kuitwa kudzivirira shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, ane chokwadi pamusoro pechinhu chimwe chete: Basa riri pamberi pedu nderekubatanidza ruzhinji rwehutongi hwemagariro uye masangano ezvezvakatipoteredza kuita hofori, yepasirese, magariro esangano rakawanda. yakakura kudarika nhamba yezvikamu zvayo, uye naizvozvo ichava nesimba rakakwana kumanikidza hurumende dzinozengurira kushandisa mitemo inodiwa kudzivirira kushanduka kwemamiriro okunze ane njodzi nenzira yakarurama nguva isati yakwana.'
Robin Hahnel ndiProfessor Emeritus of Economics paAmerican University muWashington DC. Ndiye munyori we Economic Justice uye Democracy (2005), Green Economics (2011), uye Zvevanhu, Nevanhu: Nyaya yeKutora Chikamu Chehupfumi(2012).
Kuodha kopi ye Iwo maABC ehupfumi hwezvematongerwo enyika isati yaburitswa pa20th Mbudzi, pamutengo unokosha we£12, uye nePluto zvinonaka zvakakandwa mukati, shanyira peji yebhuku.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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