Kunobva: Defend Democracy Press
Aigona kunge ari a pangolin. Kana kuti a chiremwaremwa. Kana, seimwe zvino-debunked dzidziso iyo yakaita kutenderera kwakurudzira, a nyoka.
Mujaho wemunwe kunobva mhuka yeCCIDID-19, iyo coronavirus parizvino inobata vanhu vanopfuura miriyoni zana nemakumi mashanu munzvimbo dzakavharirwa uye. cordons sanitaires muChina uye kumwewo, iripo. Kwakabva mhuka yehutachiwana chinhu chakakosha kugadzirisa. Asi fungidziro yekuti ndechipi chisikwa chemusango chaive nehutachiona hunovharidzira kwakanyanya kukosha kwekusagadzikana kwedu kune denda: kukurumidza kukurumidza kwekurasikirwa kwenzvimbo.
Kubva 1940, mazana ehutachiona hwehutachiona hwakabuda kana kudzoka munzvimbo itsva kwaasati amboonekwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira HIV, Ebola kuWest Africa, Zika muAmerica, uye bevy yemanovel coronaviruses. Vakawanda vavo—60 muzana—vanotangira mumiviri yemhuka. Vamwe vanobva kumhuka dzinovaraidza uye zvipfuwo. Vazhinji vavo—vanopfuura zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu—vanobva mumhuka dzomusango.
Asi haisiriyo mhosva yemhuka dzesango. Kunyange zvazvo nyaya dzichifananidzirwa nemifananidzo yemhuka dzomusango se“kwaanobva” nezvirwere zvinouraya zvingaratidza zvakasiyana, mhuka dzomusango hadzina kunyanya kubatwa neutachiona hunouraya, hwakagadzirira kutitapurira. Kutaura zvazviri, huzhinji hwoutachiona uhwu hunorarama zvisingakuvadzi mumiviri yemhuka idzi.
Chinetso inzira iyo kucheka masango uye kuwedzera mataundi, maguta, uye zviitiko zveindasitiri zvinogadzira nzira dzehutachiona hwemhuka kuti dzijairane nemuviri wemunhu.
Kuparadzwa kwenzvimbo dzinogara vanhu kunotyisidzira zvipenyu zvakawanda zvesango zviri kutsakatika, kusanganisira mishonga nemhuka zvatagara tichivimba nazvo pamishonga yedu. Izvo zvakare zvinomanikidza idzo mhuka dzesango dzinorembera kuti dzipindire muzvidimbu zvidiki zvekugara, zvichiwedzera mukana wekuti ivo vauye mukudzokororwa, hukama hwepedyo nenzvimbo dzinogara vanhu dzichiwedzera munzvimbo dzadzo dzichangobva kuparadzaniswa. Ndirwo rudzi urwu rwekudzokororwa, kuonana kwepedyo kunobvumira hutachiona hunogara mumiviri yavo kuti huyambukire kune yedu, kushandura hutachiona hwemhuka kuita hutachiona hwevanhu hunouraya.
Funga nezveEbola. Maererano neongororo yakaitwa muna 2017, chirwere cheEbola, icho chakabatanidzwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzezviremwaremwa, chinogona kuitika munzvimbo dziri kuCentral neWest Africa dzakasangana nezviitiko zvekuparadzwa kwemasango. Kutema masango ezviremwaremwa zvinovamanikidza kurara mumiti iri kuseri kwemba nemapurazi panzvimbo pezvo, kuchiwedzera mukana wokuti munhu, toti, kuruma muchero womuchero wakavharwa nemate echiremwaremwa kana kuti kuvhima uye kuuraya chiremwaremwa chomunzvimbomo, achizvifumura. kuutachiona huri munyama yechiremwaremwa. Kusangana kwakadaro kunobvumira huwandu hwehutachiona hunotakurwa zvisingakuvadze nezviremwaremwa-Ebola, Nipah, uye Marburg, kungotaura zvishomanana—kutsvedza muhuwandu hwevanhu. Kana izvo zvinodaidzwa kuti "spillover" zviitiko zvikaitika kakawanda zvakakwana, hutachiona hwemhuka hunogona kuenderana nemiviri yedu uye kushanduka kuita hutachiona hwevanhu.
Zvirwere zvinotapuriranwa neumhutu zvakabatanidzwa zvakafanana kutema masango, kunyange zvishoma nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwekugara pane kushanduka kwayo. Urashi hwemashizha hwemiti nemidzi zvazvinopera, mvura netsvina zvinoyerera zviri nyore pauriri hwesango, huchangobva kuvhurirwa migero yezuva. Umhutu hunotakura marariya hunoberekera mumadziva ane chiedza chezuva. Ongororo yakaitwa munyika gumi nembiri yakaratidza kuti mhando dzeumhutu dzinotakura utachiona hwevanhu dzinowanda zvakapetwa kaviri munzvimbo dzakatemwa masango kana zvichienzaniswa nemasango asina kusimba.
Kuparadzwa kwenzvimbo dzekugara kunokanganisawo huwandu hwevanhu vemarudzi akasiyana munzira dzinogona kuwedzera mukana wekuti utachiona huchapararira. Utachiona hweWest Nile, utachiona hweshiri dzinotama, mumwe muenzaniso. Kudzvinyirirwa nekurasikirwa kwekugara pamwe nekumwe kutukwa, huwandu hweshiri muNorth America hwakaderera inopfuura 25 muzana mumakore 50 apfuura. Asi zvipenyu hazvidzike pamwero wakafanana. Nyanzvi dzemhando dzeshiri, sehuni nenjanji, dzakarohwa zvakanyanya kupfuura mageneralists sema robin nemakunguwo. Izvo zvinowedzera kuwanda kwehutachiona hweWest Nile mumapoka edu eshiri epamba nekuti, nepo matanda nenjanji ari vatakuri varombo vehutachiona, mbavha nemakunguru zvinokunda pazviri. The mukana kuti mosquito yeko inoruma shiri ine utachiona hweWest Nile uye ipapo munhu anokura.
Saizvozvo, kuwedzera kwemasabhabhu kupinda musango rekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kunowedzera njodzi yechirwere chinokonzerwa nezvikwekwe nekudzinga zvisikwa zvakaita seopossums, izvo zvinobatsira kudzora huwandu hwezvikwekwe, uku uchivandudza mamiriro emhando sembeva dzine tsoka chena nemhembwe, izvo zvisingaite. Chirwere cheLyme chinokonzerwa nezvikwekwe chakatanga kubuda muUnited States muna 1975; mumakore 20 apfuura, zvirwere zvinomwe zvinotakurwa nezvikwekwe vatevera.
Haisi nyaya yekuparara kwenzvimbo chete inokonzeresa njodzi yekubuda kwechirwere, ndizvo zvatiri kutsiva nzvimbo yemusango nazvo. Kuti tipedze zvishuvo zvenyama yedu, taparadza nzvimbo yakapoteredza ukuru hwekondinendi yeAfrica kupfuya mhuka dzekuuraya. Dzimwe dzemhuka idzi dzinobva dzaunzwa kuburikidza nekutengeserana kusiri pamutemo kwemhuka dzesango kana kutengeswa mune inonzi "misika ine mvura." Ikoko, mhuka dzesango dzisingawanzo sangana mune zvakasikwa dzakasungirirwa padivi peimwe, zvichibvumira hutachiona kusvetuka kubva kune imwe mhando kuenda kune inotevera, maitiro akazvara coronavirus yakakonzera denda reSARS 2002-03 uye pamwe ringano. coronavirus iri kutinyangira nhasi.
Asi mamwe akawanda anorererwa mumapurazi emafekitari, umo mazana ezviuru zvevanhu akamirira kuurayiwa, akatutirana pamwe chete, achipa utachiona mikana yakasvibira yekushanduka kuva utachiona hunouraya. Mavhairasi eAvian fluenza, semuenzaniso, anotangira mumitumbi yeshiri dzemusango, mhirizhonga mumapurazi efekitori akazara nehuku dzakatapwa, achichinja uye achiwedzera hutsinye, maitiro akavimbika anogona kudzokororwa murabhoritari. Imwe mhando inonzi H5N1, iyo inogona kubata vanhu, inouraya vanopfuura hafu yeavo vane utachiona. Iine imwe mhando, iyo yakasvika kuNorth America muna 2014, yaida iyo kuuraya makumi emamiriyoni ehuku.
Kuwanda kwetsvina inogadzirwa nezvipfuyo zvedu inounza mimwe mikana yekuti utachiona hwemhuka hupararire muhuwandu hwevanhu. Nemhaka yokuti tsvina yemhuka yakawanda zvikuru kupfuura ingangonwiwa neminda sefotereza, inounganidzwa munzvimbo dzakawanda mumadziva asina kuvharwa anonzi madhamu emupfudze. Shiga muchetura-kugadzira Escherichia coli, iyo inorarama zvisingakuvadzi mukati mematumbo einopfuura hafu yemombe dzose dziri pazvokudya zveAmerica, inovandira mumarara iwayo. Muvanhu, zvinokonzeresa manyoka ane ropa nefivha uye zvinogona kukonzera kutadza kushanda zvakanaka kweitsvo. Nekuda kwekuti marara emombe anogara achinyura mukudya nemvura yedu, vanhu vekuAmerica 90,000 vanotapukirwa gore rega rega.
Tmuitiro wake wokushandura utachiona hwemhuka kuva utachiona hwevanhu huri kukurumidza kuitwa nhasi, asi hausi mutsva. Zvakatanga neshanduko yeNeolithic, patakatanga kubvisa mhuka dzesango kuti tiite zvirimwa uye kusungirira mhuka dzesango pajoko. “Zvipo zvinouraya” zvatakagamuchira ku“shamwari dzedu dzemhuka,” sokutaura kwakaita Jared Diamond, zvinosanganisira gwirikwiti netibhii, kubva mhou; pertussis kubva kunguruve; uye furuwenza kubva kumadhadha. Yakaenderera mberi munguva yekuwedzera kwekoloni. Belgian colonists muCongo akavaka njanji nemaguta aibvumira lentivirus mumacaque emunharaunda kuti ikwane kugadzirisa kwayo kumuviri wemunhu; MaBritish colonists muBangladesh akacheka manyoro eSundarbans kuti vavake mapurazi emupunga, achiisa vanhu pachena kumabhakitiriya anotakurwa nemvura mumvura ine brack yemvura.
Denda iro kupindirwa kwemunguva yekoloni rakagadzira kutitambudza kusvika nhasi. Macaque's lentivirus yakashanduka kuita HIV. Utachiona hwemvura hweSundarbans, hwava kunzi cholera, hwakonzera zvirwere zvinomwe kusvika pari zvino, huchangoburwa makiromita mashoma kubva kumahombekombe eFlorida muHaiti.
Nhau dzakanaka ndedzekuti, nekuti isu hatisi vanhu vanongobatwa nehutachiona hwemhuka hunopinda mumiviri yedu asi vamiririri vane simba rakazara vanoshandura hutachiona hwemhuka husina njodzi kuita hutachiona hunokonzera denda, pane zvakawanda zvatingaite kudzikisa njodzi iyo hutachiona hunokonzera chirwere hunobuda. zvose.
Tinogona kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzinogara mhuka dzesango, kuitira kuti utachiona hwemhuka hurambe huri mumiviri yadzo uye kuti dzisapinda mune yedu, nzira inotsigirwa ne“Hutano Humwe” kufamba, pakati pezvimwe.
Tinokwanisa kuita ongororo inoshingaira munzvimbo dzine utachiona hwemhuka hunowanzo shanduka kuita utachiona hwevanhu, tichivhima izvo zvinoratidza zviratidzo zvekujairana nemuviri wemunhu — nekuzvidzvanya zvisati zvakonzera denda. Kwemakore gumi apfuura, vesainzi vaipihwa mari nechirongwa cheUSAID Predict vakaita izvozvo chaizvo. Nepo rutsoka rwemunhu rwakaramba ruchiwedzera pasirese, Predict masayendisiti akanongedza kupfuura 900 mavhairasi matsva kutenderera pasirese kwakabuda semhedzisiro, kusanganisira mitsva yeSARS-senge coronaviruses
Nhasi, mumvuri wedenda rinotevera waswedera. Asi izvo hazvisi nekuda kweiyo novel coronavirus. Kusunungurwa kwehutongi hwaTrump kwemaindasitiri ekuwedzera uye kusimudzira maindasitiri kubva kune zvakatipoteredza nezvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvinogona kutarisirwa kukurumidza kuparadzwa kwenzvimbo kunounza hutachiona hwemhuka mumiviri yevanhu. Panguva imwecheteyo, manejimendi ari kuderedza kugona kwedu kunongedza inotevera spillover microbe uye kuva nayo kana yatanga kupararira. Vatungamiriri vakasarudza kupedza chirongwa chePredict muna Gumiguru. Vakuru vanonzi vakanzwa "kusagadzikana kuwana mari yekuvandudza sainzi." Svondo rapfuura, manejimendi akakurudzira kucheka mari kuWorld Health Organisation zvakare, ne53 muzana.
Nyanzvi yechirwere chechirwere chechirwere ichi Larry Brilliant akamboti, “Kuputika hakudzivisiki, asi denda nderosarudzo.” Asi denda rinongoramba riine sarudzo kana isu tiine chido chekukanganisa zvematongerwo enyika zvedu nekukurumidza sezvatinokanganisa zvisikwa uye mhuka dzesango. Pakupedzisira, hapana chakavanzika chaicho pamusoro pekwakabva mhuka dzezvirwere. Haisi imwe pangolin ine spiky scaled kana furry flying bat. Huwandu hwemaprimate ane ropa rinodziya: Mhuka chaiyo inobva isu.
Tsanangudzo: Imwe shanduro yapfuura yechinyorwa chino yakataura kuti E. coli inorarama zvisingakuvadzi mukati meuranda hweinopfuura hafu yemombe dzose dziri pazvokudya zvekuAmerica. Kunyange zvazvo kuwanda kweE. coli mumombe kuchigona kusvika pakakwirira pane dzimwe nzvimbo dzekudyisa, zvakanyanya kunetsa kuverenga nhamba yacho munyika yose, sezvo kuvapo kweE. coli kuchisiyana zvichienderana nejogirafi uye nguva yegore. Iyi post yakagadziridzwa.
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