'Kukundwa kweHezbollah kungave kurasikirwa kukuru kweIran, mupfungwa uye nehungwaru. Iran yaizorasikirwa nenzvimbo yayo muRebhanoni. Yaizorasikirwa nemitoo yayo mikuru yekudzikamisa nekuzvipinza mukati memoyo weMiddle East. Zvaizoratidzwa kuve zvakapfuura zvakanyanya mukuyedza kuzvisimbisa sesimba guru redunhu. United States yakaenda kure kure kuti ibvumidze Israeri kukunda uye kuti zvese izvi zviitike. Yakaverengera pakugona kweIsraeri kuita basa. Zvakaodzwa mwoyo. Mutungamiri Ehud Olmert akapa hutungamiriri husina kugadzikana uye husina chokwadi…. Kutsvaga kwake kukunda pane zvakachipa kwakaisa mungozi kwete basa reLebanon chete asi chivimbo cheAmerica muIsrael zvakare.’
Charles Krauthammer, Washington Post, August 4, 2006
'Asi manejimendi izvozvi anofanira kubvuma izvo chero munhu - kusanganisira ini - aitenda mukukosha kwekuwana Iraq kodzero inofanirwa kubvuma: Zvingave nezvikonzero zveBush kana zvikonzero zveArab, hazvisi kuitika, uye isu hatingarase humwe hupenyu hwakanaka mushure. hupenyu hwakanaka…. Asi chechipiri chakanakisa kusiya Iraq. Nekuti yakaipisisa sarudzo - iyo Iran inoda - ndeyekuti isu tigare muIraq, tichibuda ropa, uye munzvimbo iri nyore kurohwa neIran kana tikarova nukes yayo…. Isu tinofanirwa kubata neIran neSyria, asi kubva pachinzvimbo chesimba - uye izvo zvinoda mubatanidzwa wakafara. Kana tikachengeta zano rekutadza kudivi rimwe chete muIraq, zvichanyanya kuoma kuvaka mubatanidzwa wakadaro, uye vavengi verusununguko vanosimba.
Thomas Friedman, New York Times, August 4, 2006
Zuva rega rega rinopfuura rinoratidza vazhinji veavo vakatsigira nechido hutongi hweBush hutongi hwehumambo kuMiddle East vachisiya chikepe chayo chiri kunyura. Panogona kuve pasina kupokana zvakare kuti izvo zvakafanotaurwa nevakawanda kare zviri kuratidza chokwadi chaicho: hutongi hweBush huchadzika munhoroondo sechikwata chakaomarara kwazvo chakambomira pachinzvimbo cheAmerican Empire.
Bush nevamwe vake vakatochengetedza chinzvimbo chavo mundangariro dzakaungana sevanochera guva veUS post-Cold War imerial ambitions: vaita basa risingaenzaniswi rekupambadza mamiriro akasarudzika ayo eUS imperialism yakatarisana nawo kubva imwe nyika colossus yakatanga kuparara. kubva 1989 zvichienda mberi. Vakapambadza hwirudzuro yechienzi yomukana uyo Krauthammer mumwe cheteyo anokorwa mashoko pamusoro apa akanga adana muna 1990 kuti ‘nguva inoshamisa.’ Asi ivo vakaipambadza nemhaka yokuti vakatuswa nomutoo chaiwoiwo hubris humwe chetehwo hwamambo hwakatsauranisa vakafanana naKrauthammer naFriedman.
Iyo inotungamira-chinyorwa mune ichangoburwa chinyorwa che nguva , yakabudiswa hondo itsva yeIsrael isati yatanga, yakazivisa 'kuguma kwe cowboy diplomacy' - zvakacherechedza chokwadi chiri pachena chokuti 'Bush Doctrine yakavamba panzvimbo huru iyo US yakaedza kuishandisa':
'Kunyangwe pasina munhu muWhite House anobvunza pachena danho raBush rekuenda kuhondo kuIraq, vamwe vabatsiri vava kubvuma kuti rauya nemutengo wakakura muzviwanikwa zvemauto, rutsigiro rweveruzhinji uye kuvimbika kunze kwenyika. The Administration iri kubhadhara bhiri zuva rega rega apo ichiedza kugadzirisa mamwe matambudziko. Kutsvaga mutemo wekune dzimwe nyika unotarisisa kumberi unoonekwa muBush Doctrine hazvigoneke panguva iyo US iri kuyedza kufunga nzira yekuzvibvisa nayo kubva kuIraq. Pasi rese, shamwari dzeUS nevadzivisi vayo vari kucherechedza - uye kazhinji, kutora mukana - wematambudziko ari pamusoro pesimba guru. Kana kudonha kwaSaddam Hussein kwakaratidza mucherechedzo wemvura yakakwira weUS hegemony, makore matatu apfuura akaona kukoromoka kwakadzikama mukukwanisa kweWashington kukotamisa nyika kuita kuda kwayo.’ [1]
Chichemo chikuru chevanyori chakataurwa sezvizvi:
'Sezvinoitika, Iraq inogona kunge isiri yekutanga chete asiwo yerabhoritari yekupedzisira yehondo yekudzivirira. Panzvimbo yekudzivisa vatongi muTehran nePyongyang, matambudziko ehugaro hweUS anogona kunge akasimbisa hurumende idzi mukuda kwavo kuwana zvombo zvenyukireya uku ichimanikidza mauto eUS kuti adzivise.’
Kuongorora kunorwadza uku kwakaperekedzwa mu nguva chinyorwa netariro imwechete iyo yakagovaniswa nekwaya huru yevamiriri veUS, protégés uye vatengi: kune vese, kunze kwehurumende yeIsrael, chokwadi chekuti maneocon akakurumbira ehutongi hweBush akasundirwa parutivi akarerwa. tarisiro yokuti nzira itsva yakanaka yemitemo yezvekune dzimwe nyika yehurumende yakanga yava kunonoka. Kuchinja kwakaenda pamwe chete nechikamu chechipiri chaGeorge W. Bush, zvisinei nekubuda kwe realist-in-mukuru Colin Powell uyo, zvisinei, akange aine simba shoma pane manejimendi, airatidzika kunge aisimbisa 'mambakwedza eiyo neocons' iyo vamwe Clintonites. akanga azivisa makore maviri apfuura. [2]
Zvisinei, chii nguva vanyori vakaziviswa sechiratidzo chekupera kwe 'cowboy diplomacy' - 'kugadziriswa kwehunyanzvi kunoonekwa mukukwira kweMunyori weHurumende Condoleezza Rice' - kwakaratidza kusiri kungofunga zvekushuvira pakangodhindwa, tichitarisa zviitiko. izvo zvakazoitika apo Israeri yakatanga utsinye hwayo hunotyisa. Cowboy diplomacy, zvakazoitika, yakanga ichangobva kutsiviwa ne cowgirl diplomacy - zvakangofanana.
Chokwadi, Condoleezza Rice akaita nepaaigona napo kuisa make-up pamberi pemutemo weBush wekunze kwenyika, asi pakanga pasina shanduko yakakosha muzvinhu. Mbiru yehutongi uhwu kubva payakavambwa, anogovana zvinyengeri zvakafanana zvehukuru uye hupenzi hwemagadzirirwo akawandisa anotaridza chimwe chikwata. Akaiswa muhofisi yeDhipatimendi reHurumende kwenguva yechipiri yaBush, chinangwa chaRice chaive chekuisa chisimbiso kubva pakubuda kwakawanda mungarava yehurongwa hwekunze: raive basa risingaite. Ngarava iri kunyura zvisingaite mumvura yakasviba yeIraqi mafuta anotsvedza.
IUS 'hyperpower' inokwanisa kuwisira pasi chero mauto anogara ari pasi pano - iyo hyperpower iyo mari yehondo inodarika iyo ye200+ inoti inoumba nyika yese, uye iyo bhajeti rehondo chete rinopfuura GDP yedzimwe nyika dzese. asi kune gumi nevana vavo - yakaratidza imwezve nguva munhoroondo yemazuva ano kuti haikwanise kudzora vanhu vanopanduka. Nezve izvo, zvese zvakaomarara zvekuuraya izvo Pentagon inazvo ndezvekubatsira kushoma. Kudzora huwandu hwevanhu kunosanganisira mauto: imhando yeindastiri uko simba rekushanda harigone kutsiviwa nehardware. Ndosaka, sezvineiwo, hudzvinyiriri hwakanyanya kugadzikana mubhizinesi iri, sezvo vachigona kuunganidza pamadiro kubva kuvagari vavo uye vasingatyi kubhadhara mutengo wakakura muhupenyu hwemasoja.
IUS yakaratidza kusakwanisa kudzora Vietnam nehuwandu hwepamusoro hwemauto kune vagari pane zviri kuitika muIraq. Uye zvakadaro, simba remauto eUS nhasi rakakura kupfuura panguva yeVietnam mune zvese kunze kweiyo inonyanya kukosha pakuita basa: mauto. Huwandu hwemauto eUS hwakatemwa zvakanyanya kubva Vietnam uye kupera kweCold War. Ichifemerwa nemweya wakafanana necapitalism yenguva yeautomation, Pentagon yakatenda kuti yaigona kugadzirisa kusavimbika kwezviwanikwa zvevanhu nekutsamira zvakanyanya pazvombo zvakanyanyisa - izvo zvinodaidzwa kuti 'chimurenga mune zvemauto.' zera rehondo dze'post-heroic' sezvavakadanwa zvakakodzera nemuongorori wemaverick wezvechiuto. [3] Uye, hazvina kutora dambudziko rakawanda kuti US ikunde 'post-hugamba' mauto eIraq aSaddam Hussein. Kudzora huwandu hwevanhu veIraqi 'pashure-hugamba,' zvisinei, kwakaratidza dambudziko rakasiyana zvachose.
IU.S. yanga ichirasikirwa nekutonga pamusoro peIraq kubva pakatanga chigaro ichi muna 2003. Yakatarisana, kune rumwe rutivi, nekufumuka kwemhirizhonga ine pfuti munzvimbo dzeArab Sunni dzechiArab izvo zvakaratidza kuti hazvigoneke kudzima nenhamba shoma. Mauto eU.S. anowanikwa. Nokuti, kana uto rinopinda nechisimba risingakwanisi kudzora mahekita ose enzvimbo inogarwa nevanhu sezvinowanzoita mauto emuno, pane nzira imwe chete yakachengeteka yekubvisa mhirizhonga ine pfuti inofamba mukati medunhu rine mukurumbira 'sehove iri mumvura. ' sezvakambotaurwa naMao Zedong: dhonza dziva. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kuuraya rudzi, sekutanga kuita mauto eRussia muChechnya, kana kutamisa vanhu mumisasa yevasungwa, kana musanganiswa wevaviri sezvaiitwa neUS muVietnam, asi havana kukwanisa kupedzisa nekuti veAmerica. vanhu vangadai vasina kuzvishivirira.
MuIraq, Washington yakatarisana, kune rimwe divi, nedambudziko rakakura, iro rakazojeka pakutanga kwe2004: hutongi hweBush hwakanyengerwa - nehupenzi hwayo uye nekutengesa kwedzimwe shamwari dzePentagon dzeIraq. kana kunyengera kwevamwe - mukutenda kuti inogona kuwana tsitsi dzechikamu chikuru cheruzhinji rweIraq, maArab Shiites. Izvi zvakaratidza njodzi huru sezvo simba reIran-inoshamwaridzika Shiite masangano anokoshesa zvakadzika zvachose chero dunhu reWashington raigona kutenga pakati pemaShiite eIraq. Hutongi hweBush hwakasiiwa husina imwe nzira yekugadzira kwayo humambo asi dhizaini rekare re 'kupatsanura uye kutonga,' kuyedza kukurudzira kupokana pakati pezvinhu zvitatu zvikuru zvehuwandu hweIraqi, kupikisa maShiite nemauto echiArab Sunni mumubatanidzwa nemaKurds. Zvakazopedzisira zvakurudzira kutsvedza kweIraq kuenda kuhondo yevagari vemo, nokudaro zvichiwedzera kutarisisa kwekutadza kwayo kutonga nyika. [4]
Hapana mubvunzo kuti nzira iyo American Gulliver yakasungirirwa pasi neIraqi Lilliputians yakasimbisa zvakanyanya Iran, imwe mbiru yekuMiddle East yeizvo George W. Bush akatumidza 'axis yehuipi' pakutanga kwemashure ake-9. / 11 hondo drive. Kushora zvachose, kwete kutsamwisa, mafungiro eIran achipokana neUS colossus akagoneka chete nekuti iyo yekupedzisira yakaratidza muIraq kumira netsoka dzevhu. Uye Tehran yakakunda kuyedza kwakaitwa nevatengi veWashington veArab kuti vawedzere kusawirirana kwemasekete kubva kuIraq kuenda kune imwe dunhu reArab kuitira kuti hutongi hweIran husarudzike seShiite - zano rakashandiswa nebudiriro mushure mekumukira kweIran muna 1979. Tehran yakazvipikisa nekukunda hutongi hwese hwemaArabu mukuvenga Israeri, nokudaro ichivaka chimiro chayo semutsigiri wechinangwa chePan-Islam.
Kiyi yekubudirira kweTehran mubatanidzwa wayakaruka neHamas, chimiro chakakurumbira cheSunni Islamic fundamentalism. Kubatana uku kwakasimudzirwa apo chikamu chikuru cheMuslim Brotherhood (iyo Hamas ndiro bazi rePalestine), chikamu cheEgypt, chakabuda pachena chichitsigira mashoko eMutungamiri weIran Ahmadinejad anonyandura anti-Israel. Kupinda kwaHamas pachigaro kuburikidza nesarudzo yePalestine yaNdira 2006 kwakawedzera kurova kuhurongwa hwedunhu reWashington. Tehran yakapembera, ichikunda zvakare vakwikwidzi vayo vese vechiArab mukutsigira hurumende itsva yePalestine. Parizvino ndipo pakapinda Israeri, inoonekwa kubva kuWashington semuponesi weiyo neimwe nzira iri kutaridzika zvakanyanya senge Titanic yehumambo.
Imwezve nguva mumakumi mana emakore emubatanidzwa pakati pemutsigiri weUS uye shasha yeIsrael, Washington, vachiri kutenda mukurumbira wekare weIsrael wekuziva kusatadza mukubata nevavengi vavo vechiArabu, yakaburitsa mumiriri wayo waanofarira kune avo vaaifunga kuti ndivo. iva vatsigiri veIran, vanoti Hamas neHezbollah. Chisina kutariswa nehutungamiriri hwaBush, ndechekuti mukurumbira weIsrael wainge watonyanya kunyungudika nekutadza kwavo kutonga nzvimbo dzePalestine dzakatorwa muna 1967, uye zvakatonyanya nekubvisa kwaSaigon kubva kumaodzanyemba kweLebanon muna 2000, mushure me18. makore ekushanda. Israel yakatosangana neyayo Vietnam muRebhanoni.
Uye sePentagon mushure meVietnam, varongi vehondo veIsrael vachinja kubva kuRebhanoni kuenda kune 'post-heroic mauto mutemo,' vachivimba zvakanyanya pane yavo yepamusoro-soro pane mauto avo epasi 'kurwa. Payakapinda Rebhanoni muna 1982, Israel yainyanya kurwisa maPLO guerillas: muRebhanoni, idzi dzaingove 'hove mumvura' sezvo vaive vakwanisa kutsausa huwandu hweLebanon kuburikidza nekuzvikudza uye hunhu hwakapusa. Kupokana kweRebhanoni kwakawedzera simba kubva muna 1982 zvichienda mberi, uye makauya Hezbollah kuzoita basa guru, yakanga iri nyaya yakasiyana zvachose: uku ndiko kwaiva kusangana kwemauto eIsrael nehondo yechokwadi ine mukurumbira nemitsara yezvigadzirwa panzvimbo yaikwana varwi vehondo. hondo. Israel yakatarisana nedambudziko rakafanana rakatsanangurwa pamusoro pamusoro peIraq uye, seUS muVietnam, yakamanikidzwa kumedza mukombe unovava wekubvisa izvo zvaive zvakangofanana nekukundwa.
Kutenda kweIsrael mukusakundika kwezvombo zvepamusoro-soro - nehubris iyo yakasimudzirwa nehunyanzvi mune zvehondo zveOlmert naPeretz, vatungamiriri vevashandi vayo varipo - zvakaita kuti maIsraeli vatende kuti vaigona kumanikidza Hezbollah kutapwa, kana kusundira. maRebhanoni kusvika kumucheto kwehondo itsva yevagari vemo, nekutora nhapwa yeRebhanoni yose, kuparadza zvivakwa zvevagari vemunyika uye kudururira nzvimbo dzayo dzine vanhu vechiShiite mafashamo emabhomba. Israeri yakapwanya nemaune nharaunda nemisha pamuenzaniso unofanana nemamwe mabhomba eWW2 - kana Fallujah pamwero mukuru, uye zvichienderana zvakanyanya kuoneka. Hondo itsva yeIsrael paRebhanoni yakaratidza hukasha hwekuuraya hwechiito chekutsiva kune vega vanhu vakakwanisa kuimanikidza kuti ibve munzvimbo yakagarwa pasina zvisungo.
Hunhu hwekupara mhosva hwemauto eIsrael muRebhanoni, maererano nemakongiresi epasi rose anotsanangura kuti dzinonzi mhosva dzehondo, dzakapfuura idzo dzakaitwa neUS pamwero mukuru mukuedza kwayo kwemauto eVietnam, kungave muIraq kana mune yaimbova Yugoslavia. Mune izvi, kurwiswa kweIsrael paRebhanoni kwakava chiitiko chinoshamisa cheiyo inonzi 'extraordinary rendition' mutemo. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti Washington yakapa sei vanhu yainoda kuti 'vabvunzurudzwe' zvakanyanya kupfuura zvirambidzo zvakatemerwa nemutemo weUS kune avo pakati pevatengi vayo vasinganangana nemhinganidzo mubhizinesi rakasviba rekurwadzisa. Iye zvino Washington yapa Israeri basa rekukunda Hezbollah, inoonekwa sechikamu chikuru mukupikisa kwedunhu neIran, netarisiro yekuti Israeri inogona kuita basa rakasviba uye kuita basa pasina kuunza dambudziko rakawanda.
Nekusanyara kushandisa imwezve nguva yekurangarira kunotyisa kwejudeocide yeNazi - kushandiswa kwakasvika panhongonya nyowani mukusachena panguva yehondo yaienderera mberi - vatungamiriri veIsrael vakatenda kuti vaizokwanisa kutsausa chero kushoropodzwa kubva kumasimba ekuMadokero aka 'nyika dzepasirese. nzanga.’ Uye kunyange zvazvo zviwanikwa zvekushandiswa uku zviri kuparadzwa nenzira isingapanikirwi nemhinganidzo mitsva yose muhutsinye hunoyambuka Israeri, ichiri kushanda zvamazvirokwazvo: imwe nyika ipi neipi pasi pano ingadai yakarwisa nyika yakavakidzana nayo, ichipara mhosva dzehondo nemaune dzakanangana nenguva. nenzira iyo Israeri ari kuita muRebhanoni ingadai yakaunza pairi kuchema kwehukuru husina hukama nekunyomba kana kutya kunyomba kwakaitwa kuna Israeri pamusoro pedingindira rekuti iri kukurira.
Asi nokuda kwezvose izvozvo, utsinye hwaIsraeri hwakanga husina kubudirira. Mukupesana, zvakatoratidza kuti ndizvo izvo Ze’ev Sternhell akarondedzera nenzira yakati se‘hondo isina kubudirira zvikurusa yaIsraeri’ [5] achigumisa nokutaura kunorwadza:
'Zvinotyisa kufunga kuti avo vakasarudza kutanga hondo yemazuva ano havana kutomborota nezvemhedzisiro yayo nemhedzisiro yayo inoparadza munharaunda yese inogoneka, yekukuvara kwezvematongerwo enyika nepfungwa, kurova kwakakomba kwekuvimbika kwehurumende, uye hongu. — kuuraya vana pasina. Kushora kuri kuratidzirwa nevatauriri vehurumende, vakuru vakuru uye neimwe nzira, kubatanidza vanyori venhau vanoverengeka vehondo, mukutarisana nengwavaira yakatambura vaRebhanoni, kunokatyamadza kunyange mumwe munhu kubvira kare akarasikirwa nezvakawanda zvenyengedzo dzake dzoupwere.’
Kure nekukonzeresa hondo yevagari vemo pakati pevaRebhanoni, hutsinye hweIsrael hwakangobudirira kusvika pari zvino mukuvabatanidza mukuvenga kwakafanana pamusoro pehutsinye hwayo hwekuuraya. Pane kumanikidza Hezbollah kukanda mapfumo pasi, yakashandura sangano rechiShiite ive muvengi ane mukurumbira pasirese Israeri kubvira paakakunda Egypt muna 1967, zvichishandura Nasrallah mukuru weHezbollah kuita gamba reArab rine mukurumbira kubvira Nasser. Kure nekufambisa kuedza kwakaitwa neWashington nevatengi vayo vechiArab kuti vafambise hukama pakati pevaSunni nevaShiites, zvakatungamira vaparidzi vazhinji vane mukurumbira veSunni kuti vazivise rutsigiro pachena kuHezbollah, kusanganisira vaparidzi vanobva muumambo hweSaudi - kunyadziswa kwekupedzisira kwekutonga kweSaudi. mhuri. VaIraqi vakabvumirana vachishora hudzvinyiriri hweIsrael, ukuwo muvengi weWashington anotyisa kwazvo weIraq uye mubatsiri waTehran, Moqtada al-Sadr, vakatora mukana uyu kuronga kumwe kuratidzira kukuru kunoenderana neaakaronga achipesana nekugara kwaApril 9, 2005.
Panguva yekunyora, Washington ichiri kuedza kutenga Israel imwe nguva nekuisa mamiriro asingatenderwe echisungo cheUN Security Council chinodaidzira kuti kupere. Uye vakuru veIsrael, vakatarisana nekutadza zvachose kwe "post-heroic" yavo yekubhomba mushandirapamwe, vari munhangemutange vachipesana newachi kuti vabate, kuburikidza nekuparadza zvachose 'post-heroic' pasi zvinogumbura, zvakanyanya sezvinobvira kumaodzanyemba. Nharaunda yeLebanon nemutengo wakaderera unobvira muhupenyu hwemasoja eIsrael.
Asi chakanyanya chavanogona kutarisira iko zvino kudzosera nzvimbo iyi kune uto repasi rose rinozogamuchirwa neHezbollah. Mutungamiri weFrance, Jacques Chirac pachake, kunyangwe anga ari mubatsiri weWashington panhau yeRebhanoni kubvira 2004, akasimbisa kuti kubvumirana kweHezbollah imamiriro anofanirwa kuzadzikiswa. Hapana nyika pasi pano, kutaura chokwadi, inoda kuedza kuzadzisa muRebhanoni basa iro Israel pachayo isingakwanise kuzadzisa. Uye sangano reShiite rakatotaura kuti harisi kuzobvuma chero simba rine simba rinoenda zvakanyanya kupfuura iro reUNIFIL yagara iripo iyo Israel inoona sekunetsa.
Chero zvingave zvakaguma nehondo inoenderera mberi yeRebhanoni, chimwe chinhu chatove pachena: panzvimbo yekubatsira mukusimudza ngarava inonyura yeU.
August 6, 2006
Notes
1. Mike Allen naRomesh Ratnesar, 'Kupera kweCowboy Diplomacy,' nguva, yaJuly 17, 2006.
2. Stefan Halper naJonathan Clarke, 'Twilight of the Neocons,' Washington Monthly, March 2004.
3. Edward Luttwak, 'A Post-Heroic Military Policy,' Foreign Affairs, vol. 75, n° 4, July/August 1996.
4. Ndakatsanangura nzira iyi mu Nengozi Simba (ona bio line pazasi). Chidimbu paIraq 2006 chichakurumidza kuiswa paInternet.
5. Ze’ev Sternhell, ‘Hondo Isingabudiriri,’ nyika, Nyamavhuvhu 2, 2006.
Gilbert Achcar akakurira muRebhanoni uye anodzidzisa sainzi yezvematongerwo enyika paYunivhesiti yeParis-VIII. Bhuku rake rinotengeswa zvakanyanya Kurwisana kweBarbarisms ichangobuda mune yechipiri yakawedzera edition uye bhuku renhaurirano dzake naNoam Chomsky kuMiddle East, Nengozi Simba, iri kuuya, zvose kubva kuParadigm Publishers. Stephen R. Shalom, mupepeti we Nengozi Simba, agadzirisa nyaya ino nomutsa.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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