Makore 70 apfuura, Japan yakakanda mapfumo pasi uye Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri yakazopera. Pane ngano pamusoro pezvakaitika chaizvo panguva iyi yekuchinja munhoroondo, iyo inovhara kusvibiswa kwetsika.
Ongororo ichangoburwa yePew Research Center yakawana kuti 56% yevanhu muUS vachiri kutenda kuti kushandiswa kwezvombo zvenyukireya kuJapan kwaive kwakakodzera.
Propaganda yekuMadokero inotaura kuti mabhomba eatomu akadonhedzwa paHiroshima neNagasaki aifanirwa kupedza Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri muPacific nekukurumidza, uye kudzivirira kutorwa kwenyika kweUS kungadai kwakauraya mazana ezviuru zvehupenyu. Vaive danho rekupedzisira rakaipa.
Chokwadi chakatosiyana. Kuzvipira kweMutungamiriri weUS, Harry S Truman pakushandisa bhomba reA kuJapan kwakamuita kuti amise matanho angadai akagumisa hondo kare. Pane nyaya yakasimba yekuti kutsunga kwaTruman kushandisa Bhomba kungave kwakarebesa hondo.
Ichokwadi chose kuti bhomba reatomu rakanga risiri iro roga rainge rasara.
Pakutonga hunhu hweUS-UK sarudzo yekudonhedza bhomba, hatigone kushandisa tarisiro (semuenzaniso US 'Strategic Bombing Survey' ye1946, kana maonero evanoita sarudzo mushure mehondo); isu tinofanirwa kuongorora humbowo hwaivepo kune vanoita sarudzo panguva iyoyo.
Ichokwadi chiri nyore chenhoroondo kuti, muna Chikunguru 1945, mutungamiri weUS, Harry S Truman, ainyatsoziva mamwe maitiro maviri ekuchinja-mutambo ayo mumwe nemumwe aive nemukana wakanaka wekupedza hondo yePacific - kunze kwekupinda kwenguva refu uye neropa reUS kuJapan. .
Truman akasarudza nemaune kusashandisa chero nzira kusvika adonhedza bhomba reatomu.
Rashiya
Imwe nhanho inobvira yakanga iri ziviso yehondo yeRussia.
Muna Gumiguru 1943, mutungamiri weSoviet Joseph Stalin akaudza Secretary of State weUS Cordell Hull kuti aizopinda muhondo yekurwisa Japan - mushure mekupera kwehondo neGermany. Kwapera gore, Mutungamiriri weBritain, Winston Churchill, akaudza vatungamiri vezvematongerwo enyika veUnited States kuti apo Russia yakapinda muHondo yePacific, Japan "pasina mubvunzo yaizofunga kaviri nezvekuenderera mberi kwekurwa".
Musi wa8 Chikunguru 1945, mwedzi miviri mushure mekunge maGermany akanda mapfumo pasi, Dare repamusoro-soro reU.S-UK Combined Intelligence Committee rakasimbisa kuti: 'Kupinda kweSoviet Union muhondo kunozopedzisira kwaita kuti maJapan agone kutadza kukundwa zvachose'.
Sei Mutungamiri Truman asina kukumbira Stalin kuti azivise hondo muna Chikunguru 1945, kuti vakurumidze kupera kweHondo yePacific?
Truman pachake akaita chinyorwa chake Musi wa 17 July 1945, mushure mekusangana naStalin: 'Achange ari muHondo yeJap musi waAugust 15. Fini Japs kana zvadaro.'
Sei Truman akasarudza kushandisa mabhomba eatomu yaaive nayo achirwisa Japan kare 15 August?
Sezvazvinoitika, nokukurumidza apo US yakabhomba Hiroshima musi wa6 Nyamavhuvhu, Russia yakamhanyira kunozivisa hondo kuJapan musi wa8 Nyamavhuvhu, zvichikatyamadza huzhinji hwehutungamiri hweJapan, hwaive huchitarisira kuti Stalin aizovabatsira mukutaurirana kupera kwehondo.
Mambo
Zvaisazivikanwa mumasangano ezvematongerwe enyika nemauto eUnited States neBritain kuti chinangwa chikuru chehurumende yeJapan muna 1945 chaiva chokuchengetedza nzvimbo yaMambo Showa, anozivikanwa kuMadokero saHirohito, uye kumudzivirira pakupomerwa mhosva dzehondo.
Munguva yaKubvumbi-Chikunguru 1945, njere dzeUS dzakabata uye dzakadhirodha akati wandei mameseji echiJapan airatidza kuti vatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika nevemauto vaive vakagadzirira kuzvipira kana chinzvimbo chaMambo chaigona kuchengetedzwa.
Musi wa28 Chivabvu 1945, aichimbova mumiriri weUnited States kuJapan uye aichimbova munyori wehurumende Joseph C Grew akaudza purezidhendi Truman (sezvakanyorwa mutsamba yakarongwa pashure pomusangano wavo) kuti: โChipingamupinyi chikuru chokukanda mapfumo pasi pasina maganhuriro kwavaJapan kutenda kwavo kuti ikoku kwaizobatanidza kuparadzwa kana kuti kwechigarire. kubviswa kwaMambo uye kugadzwa kweChigaro. Kana chimwe chiratidzo chichigona kupiwa maJapan kuti ivo pachavo, kana vanyatsokundwa uye vakaitwa vasina simba rekurwa hondo mune ramangwana, vachabvumirwa kusarudza mararamiro avo ezvematongerwe enyika emangwana, vachapiwa nzira yekuponesa chiso pasina kuzvipira. zvisingaite.'
Grew akanyora mumemorandamu yake kuti: 'Mutungamiriri wenyika akataura kuti aifarira zvandaitaura nokuti pfungwa dzake dzanga dzichitevera mutsara mumwe chete.'
Muna 1945, Truman akakurudzirwawo kuti achinje mazwi ekuzvipira kuchengetedza Emperor weJapan nechero chipangamazano waaive naye, kunze kweumwe. Akakurudzirwa kusiya 'kusazvipira kusingaverengeki' uye kupa kudzivirirwa kuna Emperor neMutungamiriri weBritish Winston Churchill (kutanga muna Kukadzi 1945); Dare reBritish Joint Intelligence Committee (18 April); US Joint Staff Planners (25 April); United States Joint Chiefs of Staff (10 May); aimbova Mutungamiriri weUS Herbert Hoover (28 May); mukuru weUS Army, General George C Marshall (14 June); mukuru weUS Navy, Admiral William D Leahy (18 June); US Assistant Secretary of War, John J McCloy (18 June); US State Department (30 June); uye US Secretary of War Henry L Stimson (on 2 July, 16 July uye 24 July).
Maonero aya akasvikwawo neBritish neUS Joint Chiefs of Staff pamusangano wakabatanidzwa on 16 July, pavakataura zviri pamutemo kuti mauto eBritish aende kuChurchill kuti ataure naTruman nezvekusunungura Mambo. Izvi zvakaita kuti Churchill auye kuna Truman panyaya iyi zvakare Musi wa 18 July 1945.
Pasinei nekubvumirana uku kwevapi vezano vake vese vemauto nevechiuto nevakuru, Truman akaraira Musi wa 24 July 1945 kuti Chirevo chePotsdam chakaburitswa mazuva maviri gare gare chinofanirwa kusimbisa kudiwa kwekuzvipira zvisina magumo. Mukuru mumwe chete aifarira kosi iyi yakaoma aive Secretary of State weUnited States James Byrnes.
Truman akabata akasimba pachinzvimbo chake - kusvika mushure mekunge mabhomba eatomu adonhedzwa.
Hiroshima yakaparadzwa musi wa6 Nyamavhuvhu. Russia yakazivisa hondo musi wa8 Nyamavhuvhu. Nagasaki yakaparadzwa musi wa9 Nyamavhuvhu.
Kunyangwe mushure mezvose izvi, Japan yakaramba kukanda mapfumo pasi, uye yakasimbirira kuchengetedza Mambo.
Musi wa15 Nyamavhuvhu, Hirohito akatepfenyura murayiro wake wokukanda mapfumo pasi kuti 'achengetedze uye achengetedze chimiro cheHurumende.'
Truman akabva aita yakakura U-turn, uye akabvuma kuzvipira uku.
15 August yaipembererwa se'Victory over Japan Day'. Mambo akapihwa kudzivirirwa, uye akatonga Japan kusvika pakufa kwake muna 1989.
Sei Truman akamirira kusvika mushure mekubhomba kweNagasaki kuti aite shanduko iyi kumashoko ekuzvipira - shanduko iyo inenge hutungamiri hwematongerwo enyika nehuuto hweUS neBritain hwakange hwamukurudzira kwemavhiki kana isiri mwedzi?
Munyori weUnited States of State James Byrne akaudza Senator Warren R Austin 20 August 1945 kuti 'aitarisira kuti taigona kupedza nemaJapan pasina kutora chikamu nevaRussia'. Byrne 'aishushikana zvikuru' uye 'aitarisira kuti maRussia aisakwanisa kuungana' kurwisa Japan kare. 15 August (zuva rakanga rapiwa naStalin) - 'nokuti aiziva nezvekugadzirwa kwebhomba reatomu uye mukana wekuti rishande'.
Hiroshima neNagasaki yanga isiri 'yekupedzisira sarudzo'. Truman naByrne vakatsunga kushandisa bhomba reatomu vasati vashandisa chiziviso chehondo cheRussia kana kusadzivirirwa kwaMambo kuchengetedza kuzvipira kweJapan.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta