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Muna 2018, iyo itsva social movement ye Yellow Vests kana kuti Gilets Jaunes akabuda muFrance semunyori wevanhu kuratidzira kwepasi pasi. Zvakatanga 17th November 2018 uye yakapera 1st Chivabvu 2021 nekuda kweiyo COVID-19 denda uye zvichikonzera COVID-19 kuvhara.
Kusvika nhasi, kufamba kweYellow Vest yeFrance kune gakava guru, kutaura zvishoma. Pane kutya kuti ivo chikamu cheanonyanyisa populism ari kukanganisa tsika dzakasununguka, democracy inomiririra uye European Union.
Zvakadaro, maYellow Vests akatanga sesangano rekugarisana rakakonzereswa nekumisikidzwa kwemutero wemafuta apo gare gare kuchinja kuita kuratidzira kupikisa. neoliberal capitalism. Iwo Yellow Vests akapokana neoliberalism chirongwa chekugovanisa hupfumi kumusoro: kubva kuvarombo kuenda kune vapfumi izvo, mushure memhando yese yehondo yekirasi kurwisa boka revashandi.
Zvakadaro, maYellow Vests akaberekwa kubva mupfungwa huru yekusarongeka pakutonga kwe1 muzana - ichi chiri pamwoyo Gilets January kuratidzira. Uye izvi zvinosanganisirawo, anofambira mberi neoliberal mazano akabatana naObama, Blair, Trudeau naMacron. Mumwe anogona kuona maYellow Vests sechimiro chekufambira mberi kwepopulism nekukwezva vanhu pamusoro uye pamusoro pemasangano anotonga aripo.
Musiyano uripo pakati peUK neFrance haugone kuve wakapinza. Asi, tinoona maGilets Jaunes achibuda muFrance panguva iyi Brexit kuratidzira kwezvematongerwo enyika muUK. Kana iri France, maYellow Vests ari panguva imwechete kuratidzira kwezvematongerwo enyika uye panguva imwe chete, chikamu chekupokana kwepasirese kumusika wanga uchiitika kubva kuma1980s - gore apo. Ronald Reagan akaroora Maggie Thatcher. Mune mamwe mazwi, kuratidzira kweFrance kupokana neoliberal musika.
Zvichakadaro, Britain Brexit yakanga ichangobva kubvisa - inobvumwa zvakanyanya - imwe nzvimbo inogadzirisa misika: EU. Asi, munhu anogona zvakare kubvuma zvisingadzivisiki: pakanga paine gakava rekuruboshwe rekusiya EU, iro vazhinji vesocialist vanga vachiona kwenguva refu se "capitalist kirabhu". Chinangwa chikuru cheEU chave kusiri kuunzwa kwedemocracy asi kusundira mukati mechinhu chimwe nechimwe cheHayek's deep ideological catechism of neoliberalism.
Zvichida imwe yenharo dzakakosha pamusoro peYellow Vest ndeyekuti Gilets Janues chikamu chekuratidzwa kwekukurumidzira kwekudikanwa kwekushandura hupenyu hwemagariro kuitira kugadzirisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye, neimwe nzira, inova munzanga pane kuve munhu. kutarisira kuti varombo vachabhadhara mari yacho. Pfungwa yekupedzisira yakakosha sezvo zviri pachena kuti mararamiro emazuva ano evapfumi haagadzirike zvachose mune chero modhi yeramangwana resisitimu yenyika.
Pakazara, mumwe anogona kukakavara, iyo Gilets January inomiririra kumukira kwemakirasi akakurumbira kutyisidzira kwekuwedzera kwekuvandudzwa kweneoliberal muFrance. Makirasi akakurumbira anosanganisira ayo EU anoronga sevarombo vanoshanda uye varombo vasiri kushanda pamwe chete, mapoka ekushanda, vasingashandi, vakarega basa, vakaremara, zvikamu zvepakati-kati, uye mamwe mapoka emagariro evanhu akatarisirwa.
Chokwadi, kune centrist liberals muFrance, kutaura zvazviri, Yellow Vests chimwe chinhu chakanyanya kuipa: kumukira kwevashandi vakazvimirira. Icho chiyeuchidzo chemabhiriyoni-madhora-munhu Nick Hanaueryambiro isingakanganwiki pamusoro pe Plutocrats uye Iyo Inomira Pitchfork Hondo. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, "centrist liberals" haifanirwe kunzwisiswa mumaonero eAmerica.
Pane kudaro, veFrance vecentrist liberals ndivo vanoda kuuraya neoliberalism. Vakatsigira kubhadhara kwebhangi panguva ye Dambudziko reMari repasi rose (2008ff.). Iwo Yellow Vests anomiririra zvakapesana chaizvo. Iyo hegemonic ideology yeneoliberalism yakatungamira hurumende kupa zororo kune vakapfuma, mune iyi kesi mabhanga. Panguva imwe cheteyo, vamwe vakarasikirwa nemari yavo yavakachengeta nedzimba.
Zvichida iyo neoliberal ajenda inogona kunyatsopfupikiswa mumashoko e Adam Smith, zvese zvedu isu, uye hapana chevamwe vanhu - iyo yakashata chirevo chevatenzi vevanhu. Kune avo vanonyanya kuda zvekunamata, Hayek's na von Mises 'neoliberalism inoshanda zvinoenderana ne Bhaibheri raMateu Nheyo, Nekuti wose unazvo uchapiwa, uye uchava nezvakawanda; asi ani nani usina, uchatorerwa kunyange nezvaanazvo.
Neoliberalism haina kumbobvira yavapo mukupokana kune fascism. Muchokwadi, von Mises akakwanisa kuita sechipangamazano kuAustria fascist Chancellor Dollfuss muna 1933, apo Hayek wake wepfungwa aitsigira hudzvanyiriri hweneo-fascist hwakapidigura hurumende yeAllende yakasarudzwa nedemocracy muChile muna 1973. Humbowo hwenhoroondo hunoratidza kubatana kwakasimba kwefascism-neoliberalism. Chokwadi, neoliberalism inoshanda zvakanyanya mushe sehurongwa husina democracy.
Semumiriri weneoliberalism, iyo yepasirese kambani yekudyara Black Rock akatambira kusarudzwa kweMutungamiriri weFrance Macron pakarepo achimuudza zvekuita, shanduko yemusika wevashandi izvo zvaizoita kuti zvive nyore kune mabhizinesi eFrance kuhaya nemoto vashandi. Zvichipesana neizvi, maYellow Vests anonzwisiswa zvakanyanya sebato rinofambira mberi rekuratidzira. Uku kumukazve kwekirasi kunoumba kuzivikanwa kwayo. Icho chinoramba chiri chinhu chinonyanya kushamisa cheGilets Janues.
Imwe yemapoinzi akakosha anowedzera kunzwisiso yeGilets Janues yakaitika musi wa17th Mbudzi 2018. Panguva iyoyo, hurumende yeMacron's neoliberalism yakaronga kukwira kwemutero wemafuta kuti ivake nzanga inochengetedza zvakatipoteredza. Asi, mari iyi yanga isiri kuiswa muzvifambiso zveveruzhinji zvakasvibira kana matanho ekurwisa kusvibisa.
nokuti Gilets January, yaingova imwe nzira yokuita kuti varombo vabhadhare. Kuma17th Mbudzi 2018, pakati pe300,000 ne400,000 vanhu vakaratidzira muFrance yese. Kuratidzira uku kwakangomira nekuunzwa kwezvirango zveCovid-19 munaGunyana 2020.
Panyaya yekuumbwa kweaya maYellow Vests anopikisa, 58% yakabva kuruboshwe kana kuruboshwe uye 18% kubva kurudyi kana kure kurudyi. Musanganiswa usina kujeka ungangove wakaitika, muchidimbu, nekuda kwekushaikwa kwedzidziso yakajeka yezvematongerwo enyika inoumba kuratidzira pamwe nekushaikwa kwesangano repakati sezvo maGilets Janues ari kuratidzira kwakasarudzika.
Chaiwedzera kunyonganiso yaiva chokwadi chokuti, a CNN nhau nyaya, hunhu hwevazhinji, vakati ongororo yakaratidza 50% yeYellow Vests vanotenda mune yepasi rose Zionist kurangana.
Pahuwandu hwe50%, vamwe vangafarira zvakambotaurwa nenyanzvi yezvehupfumi Aaron Levenstein, nhamba dzakafanana nemabhikini. Zvavanoburitsa zvinokarakadza, asi zvavanovanza zvakakosha. Panyaya yeCNN, mumwe anogona kupokana kuti izvi hazvitsananguri mafambiro.
Pamusoro pezvematongerwo enyika eYellow Vests, mumwe angati, kuve akajeka, maGilets Janues haasi syndicalist kana anarchists. Asi, vakagamuchira miitiro nemifungo iyo inonyanyobatanidzwa nayo zvakasimba libertarian left-wing ideologies.
Zvichida, maGilets Janues chiratidzo chekuratidzira kwevanhu vanofambira mberi kwete sangano remagariro evanhu nezviito zvavo zvakaumbwa zvakanyanya nekutsamwa kwehutsika pane kuzvipira kune chero pfungwa yezvematongerwo enyika. Pakazere, maGilets Janues haana mhando yedzidziso yechimurenga yaifungwa naLenin. Pane kudaro, maYellow Vests akagamuchira libertarian mazano ekuita zvakananga, mutual aid uye kubatana. Kumwero mukuru, chiito chinotangwa nokubvumirana pose pazvinobvira.
Izvi zvinosanganisira pfungwa yakapihwa nemuzivi wechiFrench Rousseau uyo akanyora, vanhu vechiRungu vanofunga kuti mahara; yakarasika zvikuru, yakasununguka chete panguva yekusarudzwa kwenhengo dzeParamende; Pavanongosarudzwa, kunoitwa nhapwa, hapana. Regai-iyo-Miviri-Murwi-Kumusoro Mutungamiri weUK Boris Johnson anopupura pfungwa iyi. Tichiramba izvi, maYellow Vests haana anoenzana nemutungamiri ane hushasha uye kufamba, kusvika pari zvino, kungadimbura budiriro yakadaro nekukurumidza.
Ndichiri kusakwanisa kuvimba nechimwe chinhu chakaita saBoris Johnson anotsigira zvakanyanya Murdoch press, maGilets Janues ane simba shoma rekugadzira rondedzero huru dzenhau. Kugadzira rondedzero yenhau chimwe chinhu chinogona kuitwa naBoJo kusvika pakukwana. Zvakangofanana neBoJo, bato rezvematongerwo enyika raMacron rinoenderera mberi neiyo neoliberal ajenda.
Sebato riri kure-kurudyi, vanosimudzira mutauro wezvekurongeka kwevanhu, hutungamiriri uye vanotama. Kunyangwe izvi zvakavimbisa kukunda kweMacron's neBoJo musarudzo uye BoJo's Brexit, ichi hachisi chikamu che Gilets January. Sezvo vazhinji vakaungana kumashure kweBrexit neBoJo, maGilets Janues akabuda sekuratidzira kupokana nehurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika nemapato ezvematongerwo enyika.
Mumwe anogona kupfupisa maYellow Vests nenyaya yekuti kuvapo chaiko kweGilets Janues kuzvidza neoliberal order uye nyika yeFrance. Uyezve, maGilets Janues anomiririra kirasi yakakurumbira inopokana neoliberalism, panguva imwe cheteyo ichiratidzira chikamu chikuru chenzanga yeFrance ine hupenyu husingaenderane nehurongwa hweMutungamiri.
Pakupedzisira, Yellow Vests kana Gilets January vanotambura nematambudziko akawanda. Iwo Yellow Vests ibato rinoramba rakaoma kurongedza mukati memaitiro akasimbiswa ekufunga. Kunze kwezwi raanogona kuita pakupikisa, harina izwi rine simba. Nekuda kweizvozvo, utori venhau, tabloid-churnalism, bapiro rekurudyi uye vezvenhau vemakambani zvakaenderana nehukuru hwakanga hwavapo hweneoliberalism hwakave nezuva remunda mukugadzira anti-Yellow Vests maonero.
Thomas Klikauer ine zvinyorwa 680 uye inogaronyorera BraveNewEurope (Western Europe), iyo Barricades (Eastern Europe), Buzzflash (USA), Counterpunch (USA), Countercurrents (India), Tikkun (USA), uye ZNet (USA). Bhuku rake rinotevera riri paMedia Capitalism (Palgrave).
Meg Young (GCA neGCPA, University of New England kuArmidale) iSydney Financial Accountant & HR Manager anofarira maekisesaizi ekunze, mabhuku akanaka uye kuverenga kwehumbowo.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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